CN116167145A - Method and system for constructing space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of under-road complex - Google Patents
Method and system for constructing space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of under-road complex Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for constructing a three-dimensional safety evacuation system of a comprehensive space under a road, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, constructing a three-dimensional safe evacuation system consisting of a first-layer overhead refuge pavement and a safe outlet outside a through chamber communicated with a first layer of an underground space; s2, building a BIM refined three-dimensional building model of the underground transportation junction and optimizing until a collision point result does not appear in the cooperative collision check; s3, constructing a double-layer planning mathematical model with the aim of reducing the setting cost of the safety facilities and the evacuation time; and S4, solving the double-layer planning mathematical model in the step S3 by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal solution. According to the invention, the evacuation facility layout is optimized, a comprehensive space three-dimensional safety evacuation system under the road is constructed, and the safety of personnel evacuation under the condition of complex passenger flow in the comprehensive underground space is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of urban traffic construction, comprehensive transportation hub or underground space design and construction, in particular to a method for constructing a three-dimensional safety evacuation system of a comprehensive space under a road.
Background
In order to ensure the safety of underground large-scale complex space below the urban central road, a plurality of fireproof partitions with certain areas are generally required to be arranged for separation, a certain number of safety outlets which are directly out of the ground are required to be arranged on each fireproof partition according to the underground space property, and the distance between any point in the fireproof partition and the safety outlets is required to meet the standard requirement. Because of the limitation of evacuation distance, the safety entrances and exits in each fireproof partition are limited in setting position, more in quantity, various in passenger flow of underground space of the large-scale complex, complex in fire occurrence condition, how to solve the problem that underground space below an urban central road is difficult to evacuate because of the fact that municipal roads exist on the ground corresponding to the underground space, and how to guarantee the evacuation safety of the underground space of the urban large-scale complex in a comprehensive optimal evacuation facility layout mode.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for constructing a three-dimensional safety evacuation system of a comprehensive space under a road, which solves the problem that the urban landscape is damaged greatly due to the fact that a plurality of entrances and exits of a straight-through outdoor cannot be arranged under the urban road and the number of the exits and exits of the straight-through outdoor is large by arranging a three-dimensional evacuation channel combining the conversion of an overhead refuge pavement and the straight-through outdoor safety exit, and simultaneously optimizes the layout of evacuation facilities, determines the positions, the number, the size and the like of the evacuation facilities in a scientific method, and ensures the safety of personnel evacuation under the condition of complex passenger flow of the comprehensive underground space.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the construction method of the space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of the comprehensive body under the road comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional safe evacuation system consisting of a first-layer overhead refuge pavement and a safe outlet outside a through chamber communicated with a first layer of an underground space;
s2, building a BIM refined three-dimensional building model of the underground transportation junction and optimizing until a collision point result does not appear in the cooperative collision check;
s3, constructing a double-layer planning mathematical model with the aim of reducing the setting cost of the safety facilities and the evacuation time, wherein the double-layer planning mathematical model comprises an upper-layer safety facility setting optimizing mathematical model and a lower-layer evacuation resolving model;
and S4, solving the double-layer planning mathematical model in the step S3 by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal solution.
Further, the complex space is three-ring laminated and multi-line radial as basic form, and the urban traffic complex underground transportation junction laid out by an overhead platform underground station hall comprises an overhead refuge pavement and a through outdoor safety outlet, wherein the overhead refuge pavement is arranged below an urban central road and communicated with the first layer of the underground space, the through outdoor safety outlet is communicated with the ground through at least two through outdoor safety outlets, the refuge pavement is communicated with each layer of the underground space through a front chamber connected with the refuge pavement, and the front chamber arranged through each layer of the stairwell and the underground space is communicated with each layer of the underground space.
Further, the BIM refined three-dimensional building model in the step S2 comprises a civil engineering model and a decoration guiding model.
Further, in the step S2, collaborative collision checking is performed on the working set file through the Naviswork software, a result returns to the working set file after a collision point occurs, and the working set file positions and marks the collision point based on the Revit software platform coordinate system; the geometric elements of the working set file eliminate collision points through methods such as moving, rotating, zooming and adjusting geometric constraint, and the like, the flow is repeated until the result of the collision points is not generated in the cooperative collision inspection, and the verified underground transportation junction BIM building model is obtained.
Further, in the step S3, the upper model is a decision scheme set for the safety facility, and the lower model performs evacuation simulation according to the upper decision scheme, which specifically includes:
upper layer planning:
+/>
wherein ,
for evacuation time, the lower layer plan is simulated to obtain +.>
Setting up a scheme for a security facility>
Setting costs for safety facilities->
Is used for improving the balance relation parameters between evacuation time and setting cost under different engineering conditions.
Further, the method comprises the steps of, the lower layer model in the step S3 is an evacuation resolving model which is built in the Legion software and comprises parameters of passenger type, passenger flow, luggage, walking speed, gate traffic capacity, ticket vending machine processing capacity, escalator speed and traffic capacity and stair traffic capacity.
Further, the solving process in the step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s41: randomly generating N sets of codes from the canonical security facility setup solution set S to form an initial solution set P (1, 1..n);
s42: solving the evacuation time of the solution set P (1, 1..N) through the Legion, solving the cost expense through a safety facility setting scheme, and forming an fitness function F (P (1, 1..N)) of all individuals in the P (1, 1..N) after weighting;
s43: beginning genetic iterations, each generation of population is denoted P (X, 1..n), where X is the algebra of the iteration;
s44: taking the lowest fitness function F (P (X, 1..N)) in P (X, 1..N) as the current optimal solution, and directly entering the next generation iteration P (X+1);
s45: selecting a solution P (X, A) from P (X, 1..N) in a roulette manner according to a fitness function F (P (X, 1..N)), wherein the lower the cost, the higher the probability of selection;
s46: selecting another solution P (X, B) from P (X, 1..n) in a roulette manner according to the fitness function F (P (X, 1..n)), the lower the cost solution, the greater the probability of selection;
s47: randomly selecting P (X, A) or P (X, B) para-coding to generate P (X, TEMP);
s48: coding each bit of P (X, TEMP) with probability variation of P;
s49: verifying the specification compliance of P (X, TEMP), and if so, adding to the next generation iteration P (X+1);
s410: judging the population scale of the next generation, when the number of P (X+1) individuals reaches N, entering S411, otherwise returning to S45;
s411: solving the evacuation time of the solution set P (X+1, 1..N) through the Legion, solving the cost expense through a safety facility setting scheme, and forming the fitness function F (P (X+1, 1..N)) of all individuals in the P (X+1, 1..N) after weighting;
s412: and judging that the algorithm converges, when the fitness function of the continuous M generation optimal solution is kept unchanged, considering that the program converges, and outputting an optimal solution scheme, otherwise, returning to S43 to start the next generation genetic iteration.
The invention also provides a system for constructing the space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of the comprehensive body under the road, which comprises the following components:
the evacuation scheme construction module: the method is used for constructing an underground complex building evacuation scheme;
evacuation scheme digitizing module: BIM refined three-dimensional building model for constructing an underground comprehensive building evacuation scheme and checking;
evacuation resolving module: the method comprises the steps of converting a verified BIM refined three-dimensional building model into a two-dimensional resolving model and a three-dimensional constraint model, carrying out evacuation simulation of pedestrians in an underground complex space based on the two models, finally obtaining an evacuation time result set of the pedestrians in the underground complex space, and transmitting the evacuation time result set to an iteration optimization module through an interface;
and (3) an iteration optimization module: the method comprises the steps of establishing a double-layer planning mathematical model, wherein an upper layer is a decision scheme set for a safety facility, and a lower layer performs evacuation simulation according to the upper layer decision scheme; and obtaining an optimal solution for double targets based on the safety facility setting cost and the comprehensive evacuation time.
Furthermore, the evacuation scheme digitizing module realizes the combination and assembly of all parts of the comprehensive building by linking the working set to the central file, executes the collision detection flow and finally outputs the verified underground transportation junction BIM building model.
Further, the optimal setting scheme of the upper layer planning in the iterative optimization module is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm, and the evacuation time of the lower layer model is solved by software Legion.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, through the arrangement of the three-dimensional evacuation channel combining the conversion of the overhead refuge walkway with the through outdoor safety exit, the difficult problem that the urban landscapes are damaged greatly due to the fact that the through outdoor entrance cannot be arranged below the urban road and the number of the evacuation entrances is large is solved, the BIM cooperative method is utilized to construct the underground transportation junction building model with the maximum fineness, the model carries out three-dimensional constraint on evacuation solution, and the maximum adaptation with the actual scene is provided for evacuation results; meanwhile, the evacuation facility layout is optimized, the optimal output of competitive variables is realized by utilizing a genetic algorithm, an optimal solution is provided for the underground transportation junction design of multi-boundary conditions, the determination of the positions, the number, the size and the like of the evacuation facilities is realized by a scientific method, and the safety of personnel evacuation under the complex passenger flow condition of the underground space of the complex is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a city lower complex space provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a security evacuation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a security evacuation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a central file model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of evacuation simulation modeling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a simulated two-dimensional settlement model and a schematic diagram of three-dimensional constraint for evacuation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the convergence of the genetic algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are merely for convenience in describing embodiments of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not denote or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the term "coupled" is to be interpreted broadly and may be, for example, fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally coupled. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Based on the defects in the background technology, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for constructing a space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of a complex under a road, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a complex space consisting of a first-layer overhead refuge pavement and a through outdoor safety outlet communicated with a first layer of an underground space;
in the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the construction scheme of the urban traffic complex underground transportation junction according to the embodiment of the invention adopts five-layer design, comprising an underground layer, an underground interlayer, an underground first layer, an underground second layer and an underground third layer; wherein,
the underground three layers are provided with second subway lines, and the stations of the second subway lines are provided with second subway stations, so that the passing requirements of the second subway stations and the sections are met;
the underground two-layer is provided with a first subway line and a second highway tunnel, a first subway platform is arranged at the first subway line platform, an up-down connection channel is arranged between the first subway platform and the second subway platform, and the connection channel comprises a lifting elevator or a stair;
a transfer hall, a corridor for connecting the transfer hall and a third subway line transfer channel are arranged on the underground layer, an up-down connection channel is arranged between the transfer hall and the first subway platform, and the connection channel comprises a lifting elevator or a stair and is used for passing pedestrians;
the underground interlayer is provided with a first highway tunnel, a third subway platform, a third subway line and a non-motor vehicle loop; the first highway tunnel and the first subway line platform are consistent in running direction and are arranged side by side, passengers enter the first underground layer (a transfer hall and a third subway line transfer passage) and enter the second underground layer (the first subway line platform and the second highway tunnel) and enter the first subway line platform for riding through a non-motor vehicle loop. The non-motor vehicle loop is used for passengers and the non-motor vehicles to cross the street, and the first highway tunnel is used for highway traffic along the north-south direction;
the ground layer is provided with ground traffic and a rotary island, and the rotary island is provided with a large sculpture;
in order to facilitate the passersby to pass up and down, streamline transfer stairs are respectively arranged among an underground three-layer (a second subway line platform), an underground two-layer (a second highway tunnel and a third subway line south line extension section), an underground one-layer (a transfer hall and a third subway line transfer passage) and an underground one-layer interlayer (a first subway line platform, a first highway tunnel and a non-motor vehicle loop).
In the embodiment, the outline of the engineering main body junction area of the urban traffic complex underground traffic junction construction scheme is circular, column nets are arranged along the circumferential direction and the radial direction according to the main passenger flow advancing direction, the circumferential frame column positions are strictly ensured, and the blocking of the circumferential cross-street passenger flow is avoided; the engineering scale is larger, and the underground one-layer column net adopts a large-span structural form, so that the space effect and the comfort level are improved.
The circulation and communication of motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and pedestrians in the node are solved through the lamination of the ground motor vehicle loop, the underground non-motor vehicle loop, the underground pedestrian loop and the public space loop, and the smooth connection and the dredging of the node and the outside are solved through the radial traffic line consisting of three subway lines and two municipal tunnels. The underground loop complex of the subway, the municipal tunnel, the underground space and the non-motor vehicle is researched and constructed, the problems of three-dimensional diversion and smooth passing of subway transfer, pedestrian crossing, non-motor vehicle traffic, ground roads and municipal tunnel traffic are solved, 4 stations of 3 subway lines are integrated, subway stations and highway tunnels are built above the middle part of a hall together, a unique brand new building pattern of overhead station stations and highway tunnels in a large underground space is skillfully created, the skillful utilization of the underground space is realized, a smooth and unblocked large underground traffic space is constructed, a three-dimensional layout scheme for realizing intersection of five traffic lines in a three-layer underground space is created, the problems of interweaving three-line transfer streamlines of puzzlement design and operators and separation of transfer spaces by lines are effectively solved, the optimal underground traffic function is ensured, meanwhile, compared with the conventional solving method, the two-layer underground structure is saved, the engineering depth and investment are greatly saved, and the underground space resources are utilized approximately and efficiently.
In the embodiment, the underground transportation junction construction scheme of the urban transportation complex is characterized in that a round shared hall extends to a sinking courtyard of each land block, and a whole underground one-layer hall is arranged as a through subway transfer and transportation layer by lifting a subway platform and a municipal road tunnel to an underground one-layer interlayer along two-wing radiation corridor, and a through unblocked underground one-layer transfer hall is formed by a unique space structure mode, so that a main flow line of passenger flow is unobstructed; the special layout of the overhead platform of the underground station hall is formed, the problem of separation of subway lines to the transfer hall is solved, and meanwhile, the space sense is greatly improved.
In a further preferred embodiment, a three-dimensional safe evacuation system is constructed, which consists of a first-layer overhead refuge walkway and a through outdoor safe outlet communicated with the first layer of the underground space. Through the three-dimensional evacuation channel that the aerial refuge walkway that sets up changes and the outdoor safety exit of direct connection combines together, combines to set up simultaneously and pressurizes air supply system, stops flue gas entering refuge walkway and the outdoor safety exit of direct connection, ensures the environmental safety of evacuation channel, when guaranteeing that underground space takes place the conflagration, personnel can be evacuated to outdoor ground safety area safely. The number and the width of the safe exits evacuated in each fireproof partition of the underground space are guaranteed to meet the requirements specified by the specifications, the number of the through outdoor safe exits is greatly reduced, the setting difficulty of the through outdoor safe exits is reduced, and the damage to ground landscapes is reduced. As shown in fig. 1.
The system for three-dimensional safety evacuation of the comprehensive space under the roads as shown in figures 2 and 3 mainly comprises an overhead refuge pavement 2 which is arranged under the central roads of the cities and is communicated with the first floor of the underground space 1 and a straight-through outdoor safety outlet 3 which is communicated with the first floor of the underground space 1; when a fire disaster occurs at any place in the underground space 1, people are evacuated to the outdoor ground through the refuge walkway 2 or the through outdoor safety exit 3 so as to ensure the safety of the people.
In order to ensure that people in the underground space can be safely evacuated to the ground, the distance between any point in the first layer of the underground space 1 and the evacuation passageway opening part connected with the first layer of the underground space 1 through the refuge pavement 2 or the through outdoor safety outlet 3 should not exceed the distance requirement specified by the specification.
The refuge walkway 2 is communicated with the ground through at least two through outdoor safety outlets 4, and the distance between the through outdoor safety outlets 4 is not more than the requirement specified by the specification in order to meet the requirement of the related specification; meanwhile, the refuge walkway 2 is communicated with each layer of the underground space 1 through a front chamber 5 connected with the refuge walkway and a front chamber 7 arranged at each layer of the underground space 1 through a stairwell 6.
The front chamber 5 connected with the refuge walkway 2 is provided with a pressurized air supply system 8, the stairwell 6 is provided with a pressurized air supply system 9, and the front chamber 7 arranged at each layer of the underground space 1 is provided with a pressurized air supply system 10; under the fire condition, personnel on each layer of the underground space 1 enter the stairway 6 through the front chamber 7 connected with the personnel, enter the refuge pavement 2 through the refuge pavement front chamber 5, and are evacuated to the outdoor ground through the through outdoor safety outlet 4; or the personnel outside the first floor of the underground space 1 enter the stairwell 6 through the front chamber 7 connected with the personnel outside the first floor of the underground space, reach the first floor of the underground space 1 through the front chamber 7 connected with the first floor of the underground space, and then are evacuated to the outdoor ground through the through outdoor safety outlet 3; simultaneously, the pressurized air supply systems 8, 9 and 10 are opened to prevent flue gas from entering the front chambers 5, the stairway 6 and the front chambers 7 connected with the layers of the underground space connected with the refuge walkways, so that the environmental safety of evacuation channels is ensured, the air quantity of the pressurized air supply systems should meet the requirement that the pressures between the front chambers 5, the stairway 6 and the front chambers 7 connected with the layers of the underground space and the layers of the underground space 1 are distributed in a decreasing manner, and the pressure difference and the setting of the pressurized air supply systems should meet the standard requirements.
The sum of the evacuation widths of the refuge walkway 2 and the through outdoor safety exit 3 should not be smaller than the evacuation width of the underground space 1 calculated to meet the specification requirements.
Forms of the straight-through outdoor safety exits 3, 4 include, but are not limited to, stairways, escalators, sinking yards, etc., which should not be smaller in width than the evacuation width calculated to meet the norm.
S2, building a BIM refined three-dimensional building model of the underground transportation junction and optimizing until a collision point result does not appear in the cooperative collision check;
in this embodiment, according to the described construction scheme, on the Revit software platform, the building module is configured to build a building module (BIM) with a building module and a decoration guide module by linking the working set file containing the data of each traffic hub component to the central file, wherein the building module comprises: civil engineering models include walls (building walls and structural walls), curtain walls, columns (structural and building columns), beams, doors and windows, floors, stairs, vertical elevators, escalators, and the like; the decoration guide model comprises furniture, ceilings, indication boards, ticket vending machines, gate machines and the like.
S3, taking the reduced safety facility setting cost and the reduced evacuation time as target components of a double-layer planning mathematical model, wherein the double-layer planning mathematical model comprises an upper-layer safety facility setting optimizing mathematical model and a lower-layer evacuation resolving model;
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, on the basis of the center file, collaborative collision checking is performed on the working set file by using Naviswork software, a result returns to the working set file after a collision point occurs, and the working set file locates the collision point and marks (other colors or highlights) on the basis of the Revit software platform coordinate system. The geometric elements of the working set file eliminate collision points through methods such as moving, rotating, zooming and adjusting geometric constraint, and the like, the flow is repeated until the result of the collision points is no longer generated by cooperative collision inspection, and the inspected underground transportation junction BIM building model is obtained.
The optimized underground transportation junction BIM building model derives CAD format (dwg. Or dxf.) files, and is cleaned and then imported into Legion SpaceWorks software, and an evacuation resolving model containing parameters such as passenger type, passenger flow, luggage, walking speed, gate traffic capacity, ticket vending machine processing capacity, staircase speed and traffic capacity, staircase traffic capacity and the like is built in Legion SpaceWorks software. The optimized underground transportation junction BIM building model is exported into skp-format files according to the division mode of the working set files, the exported skp-format files are assembled through Sketchup software, the assembled skp-format files are imported into a three-dimensional simulation software component Legion 3D to construct an evacuation three-dimensional model, and three-dimensional constraint is carried out on evacuation calculation, as shown in FIG. 6.
And S4, solving the double-layer planning mathematical model in the step S3 by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal solution.
The upper layer of the comprehensive decision-making double-layer planning mathematical model of the safety facility setting scheme is mathematical abstraction of the safety facility setting quantity, scale and position combined with the building total diagram design scheme, and the optimal solution of the mathematical abstraction is an extremely difficult NP difficult problem, and a solution algorithm of the genetic algorithm design model is adopted according to the characteristics. The lower layer is evacuation time solving, and the safety facilities in the embodiment are a safety exit and an overhead refuge aisle through mature commercial software Legion solving, and the process is as follows:
s41: randomly generating N groups of codes from a solution set S of a safety exit and overhead refuge pavement setting scheme which meet the specifications to form an initial solution set P (1, 1..N);
s42: solving the evacuation time of the solution set P (1, 1..N) through the Legion, solving the cost expense through a safety exit and overhead refuge pavement setting scheme, and forming fitness functions F (P (1, 1..N)) of all individuals in the P (1, 1..N) after weighting;
s43: beginning genetic iterations, each generation of population is designated P (X, 1..n);
s44: taking the lowest fitness function F (P (X, 1..N)) in P (X, 1..N) as the current optimal solution, and directly entering the next generation iteration P (X+1);
s45: a solution P (X, a) is selected from P (X, 1..n) in a roulette manner according to the fitness function F (P (X, 1..n)), the lower the cost, the greater the probability of selection.
S46: a solution P (X, B) is selected from P (X, 1..n) in a roulette manner according to the fitness function F (P (X, 1..n)), the lower the cost, the greater the probability of selection.
S47: randomly selecting P (X, A) or P (X, B) para-coding to generate P (X, TEMP);
s48: coding each bit of P (X, TEMP) with probability variation of P;
s49: verifying the specification compliance of P (X, TEMP), and if so, adding to the next generation iteration P (X+1);
s410: judging the population scale of the next generation, when the number of P (X+1) individuals reaches N, entering S411, otherwise returning to S45;
s411: solving the evacuation time of the solution set P (X+1, 1..N) through the Legion, solving the cost expense through a safety exit and overhead refuge pavement setting scheme, and forming the fitness function F (P (X+1, 1..N)) of all individuals in the P (X+1, 1..N) after weighting;
s412: and judging that the algorithm converges, when the fitness function of the continuous M generation optimal solution is kept unchanged, considering that the program converges, and outputting an optimal solution scheme, otherwise, returning to S43 to start the next generation genetic iteration.
As shown in fig. 7, the X-axis is the genetic algebra of the algorithm, and the Y-axis is the weighted cost after considering the evacuation time and the facility setting cost. Along with the genetic iteration of the algorithm, the average cost of the population and the optimal individual cost of the population are effectively reduced, and the algorithm basically converges after a certain algebra. Therefore, in the above step S412, the optimal solution can be outputted when the program is converged.
After the parameters are calibrated through the experience of the design of the large-scale urban underground complex architecture, the mathematical model and the corresponding solving algorithm of the comprehensive decision method can effectively balance the double targets of the setting cost of the safety exit and the safety facility of the overhead refuge walkway and the evacuation time of the complex, and the system is optimal.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides an optimizing system of the urban road lower complex space three-dimensional safety evacuation system, which is applied to the optimizing method, and comprises the following steps: comprising the following steps:
the evacuation scheme construction module: the method is used for constructing an underground complex building evacuation scheme;
evacuation scheme digitizing module: BIM refined three-dimensional building model for constructing an underground comprehensive building evacuation scheme and checking;
evacuation resolving module: the method comprises the steps of converting a verified BIM refined three-dimensional building model into a two-dimensional resolving model and a three-dimensional constraint model, carrying out evacuation simulation of pedestrians in an underground complex space based on the two models, and finally obtaining an evacuation time result set of the pedestrians in the underground complex space, and transmitting the evacuation time result set to an iteration optimization module through an interface;
and (3) an iteration optimization module: the method comprises the steps of establishing a double-layer planning mathematical model, wherein an upper layer is a decision scheme set for a safety facility, and a lower layer performs evacuation simulation according to the upper layer decision scheme; and obtaining an optimal solution for double targets based on the safety facility setting cost and the comprehensive evacuation time.
In this embodiment, the evacuation scheme digitizing module realizes the combination and assembly of each part of the integrated building by linking the working set to the central file, executes the collision detection process, and finally outputs the verified underground transportation junction BIM building model.
In this embodiment, the optimization setting scheme of the upper layer plan in the iterative optimization module is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm, and the evacuation time of the lower layer model is solved by software region.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the embodiments and scope of the present invention, and it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that equivalent substitutions and obvious variations may be made using the teachings of the present invention, which are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The construction method of the space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of the comprehensive body under the road is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a three-dimensional safe evacuation system consisting of a first-layer overhead refuge pavement and a safe outlet outside a through chamber communicated with a first layer of an underground space;
s2, building a BIM refined three-dimensional building model of the underground transportation junction and optimizing until a collision point result does not appear in the cooperative collision check;
s3, constructing a double-layer planning mathematical model with the aim of reducing the setting cost of the safety facilities and the evacuation time, wherein the double-layer planning mathematical model comprises an upper-layer safety facility setting optimizing mathematical model and a lower-layer evacuation resolving model;
and S4, solving the double-layer planning mathematical model in the step S3 by adopting a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal solution.
2. The method for constructing the space three-dimensional safe evacuation system of the comprehensive space under the road according to claim 1, wherein the comprehensive space is in a three-ring laminated multi-line radial basic form, and the underground transportation junction of the urban transportation comprehensive body is arranged in an overhead platform underground station hall, and comprises an overhead refuge pavement and a through outdoor safe outlet, wherein the overhead refuge pavement is arranged on the first layer of the underground space under the urban central road and is communicated with the first layer of the underground space, the refuge pavement is communicated with the ground through at least two through outdoor safe outlets, and the refuge pavement is communicated with each layer of the underground space through a front chamber connected with the refuge pavement, and the front chamber arranged through each layer of the stairwell and the underground space.
3. The method for constructing a space-based three-dimensional evacuation system for an under-road complex according to claim 1, wherein the BIM refined three-dimensional building model in step S2 includes a civil engineering model and a decoration guiding model.
4. The method for constructing the space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of the comprehensive body under the road according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, collaborative collision checking is carried out on the working set file through Naviswork software, a result returns to the working set file after a collision point occurs, and the working set file positions and marks the collision point based on a Revit software platform coordinate system; the geometric elements of the working set file eliminate collision points through methods such as moving, rotating, zooming and adjusting geometric constraint, and the like, the flow is repeated until the result of the collision points is not generated in the cooperative collision inspection, and the verified underground transportation junction BIM building model is obtained.
5. The method for constructing a space-based three-dimensional safety evacuation system of a road lower complex according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the upper model is a decision scheme set for a safety facility, and the lower model performs evacuation simulation according to the upper decision scheme, specifically comprising:
upper layer planning:
+/>
wherein ,
for evacuation time, the lower layer plan is simulated to obtain +.>
Setting up a scheme for a security facility>
Setting costs for safety facilities->
Is used for improving the balance relation parameters between evacuation time and setting cost under different engineering conditions.
6. The method for constructing the space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of the under-road complex according to claim 1, wherein, the lower layer model in the step S3 is an evacuation resolving model which is built in the Legion software and comprises parameters of passenger type, passenger flow, luggage, walking speed, gate traffic capacity, ticket vending machine processing capacity, escalator speed and traffic capacity and stair traffic capacity.
7. The method for constructing the space-based three-dimensional safety evacuation system of the under-road complex according to claim 1, wherein the solving process in the step S4 comprises the following sub-steps:
s41: randomly generating N sets of codes from the canonical security facility setup solution set S to form an initial solution set P (1, 1..n);
s42: solving the evacuation time of the solution set P (1, 1..N) through the Legion, solving the cost expense through a safety facility setting scheme, and forming an fitness function F (P (1, 1..N)) of all individuals in the P (1, 1..N) after weighting;
s43: beginning genetic iterations, each generation of population is denoted P (X, 1..n), where X is the algebra of the iteration;
s44: taking the lowest fitness function F (P (X, 1..N)) in P (X, 1..N) as the current optimal solution, and directly entering the next generation iteration P (X+1);
s45: selecting a solution P (X, A) from P (X, 1..N) in a roulette manner according to a fitness function F (P (X, 1..N)), wherein the lower the cost, the higher the probability of selection;
s46: selecting another solution P (X, B) from P (X, 1..n) in a roulette manner according to the fitness function F (P (X, 1..n)), the lower the cost solution, the greater the probability of selection;
s47: randomly selecting P (X, A) or P (X, B) para-coding to generate P (X, TEMP);
s48: coding each bit of P (X, TEMP) with probability variation of P;
s49: verifying the specification compliance of P (X, TEMP), and if so, adding to the next generation iteration P (X+1);
s410: judging the population scale of the next generation, when the number of P (X+1) individuals reaches N, entering S411, otherwise returning to S45;
s411: solving the evacuation time of the solution set P (X+1, 1..N) through the Legion, solving the cost expense through a safety facility setting scheme, and forming the fitness function F (P (X+1, 1..N)) of all individuals in the P (X+1, 1..N) after weighting;
s412: and judging that the algorithm converges, when the fitness function of the continuous M generation optimal solution is kept unchanged, considering that the program converges, and outputting an optimal solution scheme, otherwise, returning to S43 to start the next generation genetic iteration.
8. A system for constructing a space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of a complex under a road, which is characterized by comprising:
the evacuation scheme construction module: the method is used for constructing an underground complex building evacuation scheme;
evacuation scheme digitizing module: BIM refined three-dimensional building model for constructing an underground comprehensive building evacuation scheme and checking;
evacuation resolving module: the method comprises the steps of converting a verified BIM refined three-dimensional building model into a two-dimensional resolving model and a three-dimensional constraint model, carrying out evacuation simulation of pedestrians in an underground complex space based on the two models, finally obtaining an evacuation time result set of the pedestrians in the underground complex space, and transmitting the evacuation time result set to an iteration optimization module through an interface;
and (3) an iteration optimization module: the method comprises the steps of establishing a double-layer planning mathematical model, wherein an upper layer is a decision scheme set for a safety facility, and a lower layer performs evacuation simulation according to the upper layer decision scheme; and obtaining an optimal solution for double targets based on the safety facility setting cost and the comprehensive evacuation time.
9. The system for constructing the space three-dimensional safe evacuation system of the comprehensive body under the road according to claim 8, wherein the evacuation scheme digitizing module is used for realizing the combined assembly of all parts of the comprehensive building in a mode of linking a working set to a central file, executing a collision detection process and finally outputting the verified underground transportation junction BIM building model.
10. The system for constructing the space three-dimensional safety evacuation system of the comprehensive body under the road according to claim 8, wherein the optimization setting scheme of the upper layer plan in the iterative optimization module is solved by adopting a genetic algorithm, and the evacuation time of the lower layer model is solved by software region.
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