CN1161654A - 去除毛发的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的特征在于一种去除毛发的方法，它包括经机械法或化学法去除毛发，露出毛发的毛囊，然后处理毛囊，抑制其毛发再生能力。去除毛发有利于毛囊对灭活毛囊化合物的吸收，从而能长期抑制毛发生长。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及从皮肤上去除毛发。目前用于除毛的方法包括剃除、涂敷脱毛蜡、电蚀、机械脱毛、化学法脱毛、采用激光(见例如美国专利3538919和4388924)，以及采用吸光物质(见例如美国专利5226907)。其中某些方法在施用时疼痛或无效，或者费时，而其它方法缺乏长期效果。
发明简述
本发明人发现在机械脱毛后，经局部给药使毛囊失活可长期抑制毛发生长。
因此，本发明的特征在于一种去除哺乳动物皮肤上毛发的方法，它包括经机械法或化学法脱毛露出毛囊，然后处理毛囊，从而抑制其毛发再生能力。
脱毛后形成直通毛囊的通道，从而可以大大增强毛囊吸收药剂的能力，该药剂可使毛囊促进毛发生长的性能失活。因此，本发明提供了一种去除毛发并可长期抑制毛发生长的有效方法。
在优选实施方案中，所采用的脱毛方法包括冷敷、热敷，以及采用机械装置从毛囊中拔除毛发。
脱毛后，可通过许多方法使毛囊促进毛发生长的性能失活，它们包括：使用光敏剂，然后暴露于光线下，再使用柔和毒素并通入电流。光灭活一般包括(1)在皮肤上涂敷光敏剂，(2)毛囊吸收光敏剂，和(3)光敏剂的活化，从而使毛囊促进毛发生长的性能失活，抑制毛发生长。光敏剂优选是低毒性的，但应在特定的光波长下可活化。优选光波长可深达毛囊；适用的波长一般为550-800nm。优选的光敏剂包括卟啉、酞菁、二氢卟酚，以及红紫素，但不仅限于此。适用的光敏剂的实例包括氨基-γ-酮戊酸(ALA；在630nm下活化)亚甲基蓝(在660nm下活化)尼罗蓝-A衍生物、卟啉衍生物如苯并卟啉衍生物(BPD；在690nm下活化)，叶菲尔钠(例如PHOTOFRINTM卟菲尔钠；630nm下活化)，卟啉，二氢卟酚，以及酞菁。光敏剂可通过光化学或光热机理进行作用。光热敏剂包括靛菁绿(在690-800nm下活化)以及其它染料。
也可采用柔和的毒素对毛囊灭活。在该具体实施方案中，脱毛后涂敷毒素，从而使毒素进入毛囊。该毒素经足够长的时间作用于毛囊使毛囊失活而不应对周围皮肤造成实质损伤(例如，溃疡和形成疤痕)；一般0.1-5分钟的时间足够长。适用的毒素包括漂白剂(例如次氯酸盐和过氧化物)，抗代谢药(例如，5-氟尿嘧啶)，溶剂(例如，丙酮、醇、酚，和醚)，碘释放剂，洗涤剂和表面活性剂，以及醛和其它交联蛋白固定剂(例如，戊二醛、甲醛、和乙醛)，但不仅限于此。
另外，本发明中可采用多种毒素，可先后或同时涂敷(例如，可将表面活性剂、溶剂、和抗代谢药共同使用或先后使用)。皮肤学领域的技术人员可根据本发明的指导确定毒素吸收所需的适宜条件。
本发明的方法中也可采用离子电渗技术使毛囊灭活化合物进入毛囊。在该具体实施方案中，脱毛后，在皮肤上涂敷含有离子毛囊灭活化合物的溶液，然后对皮肤通电。电流可增进毛囊灭活化合物进入皮肤的能力。适用的溶液包括：次氯化物漂白剂、氯盐溶液、离子洗涤剂，和离子光敏剂或其前体(例如，ALA和亚甲基蓝)，但并不仅限于此。加电流的合适方法和装置是本领域已知的(例如见Iomed Inc.，Salt Lake City，UT的使用说明)。在本发明的实施方案中也可通过离子电渗施用麻醉剂(例如利多卡因)以减轻疼痛。也可采用其它多种方法包括超声波或压力波法、加热法、表面活性剂法，以及毛细作用来使毛囊灭活物质进入毛囊。
“脱毛”是指从毛囊中去除毛发。可采用化学或机械方法进行脱毛，如冷敷、热敷或拔除毛发从而使毛囊显露出来。
“毛囊”是指容纳和生长毛发的表皮向下生长物和泡状膨胀组织。毛囊的各部分包括毛根外鞘、毛根内鞘、结缔组织乳头、毛母细胞、多能细胞(约位于皮肤表面以下大约1mM处)、以及皮脂腺。
毛囊的“灭活”是指对毛囊毛发再生能力的抑制和/或对脸部、体表或身体其它易于发生痤疮的部位的皮脂腺的抑制。可通过破坏毛囊的一个或多个部分来抑制毛发生长。根据毛囊灭活所使用的具体成分来确定要破坏的确切部分。可破坏的部分包括：毛根外鞘、毛根内鞘、结缔组织乳头、毛母细胞、皮脂腺，以及多能细胞(约位于皮肤表面以下大约1mM处)。
“光敏剂”是指一种化合物，当它曝露于某一特定通量下时可以对毛囊灭活，或者也指这种化合物的前体，它(例如，ALA)可以在活细胞中转化成光敏剂
光敏剂或光敏剂前体的“活化”是指将光敏剂或前体曝露在脉冲或连续方式的光线下，使毛囊灭活。
用在此处的缩写为：ALA：氨基-γ-酮戊酸BPD：苯并卟啉衍生物PRIX：原卟啉IX
通过以下优选具体实施方案的描述和权利要求书，本发明的其它特点和优点将是明显的。发明详述
首先描述附图。附图
图中是局部脱毛并涂敷20％ALA的人体皮肤上PRIX的荧光图。脱毛后毛囊的选择性吸收
脱毛后使显露出的毛囊对毛囊灭活化合物产生选择性吸收。
以下的方法是通过冷敷法使人体部分皮肤脱毛。冷敷法的实施是通过涂敷粘稠的液状脱毛蜡或树脂混合物(例如，MYEPILTM蜡)，再迅速揭起，将每根毛发从其毛囊中拔出来。剃除但不是脱去皮肤上其它部位的毛发以作对比，然后如下处理皮肤所有部位。在皮肤上涂敷20％(重量)光敏剂ALA的乙醇/水溶液，并用塑料覆盖物覆盖在经处理的皮肤上2-4小时。ALA是原卟啉IX(PRIX)的前体，它可以在活细胞中转化为PRIX。2-4小时的时间足够使ALA被脱毛后的毛囊吸收(吸收在几分钟就已发生)，也足够使ALA转化为PRIX。皮肤吸收ALA，转化为PRIX，然后拍荧光照片(420nm激发；600+nm发射)。图中央显示出较强的荧光，表示脱毛后的毛囊细胞可将ALA转化为PRIX。该图也表明，与未脱毛的毛囊相比，脱毛可以使光化学物质选择性地进入经脱毛的毛囊(位于图中央)。因此，脱毛有利于灭活剂进入毛囊。对毛发生长的抑制
脱毛或剃除毛发(作为对比)并涂敷ALA后，将皮肤曝露于630nm(氩染料激光)、通量在0-300J/cm2内变化的光中，使毛囊灭活。处理后3-6个月，毛发再生数为0％至约50％。相反，未经脱毛而采用剃除毛发的，毛发再生为100％。这些数据也表明：该方法的效能随着通量的提高而提高。其它实施方案
其它实施方案也属于以下权利要求的范围。例如，可以采用机械装置而不是涂敷脱毛蜡来从毛囊中去除毛发。也可采用化学品，例如，化学脱毛霜来破坏毛干中的二硫键。
ALA以外的光敏剂也可用于毛囊灭活；它们的实例包括卟啉、酞菁、二氢卟酚、红紫素、以及若丹明或尼罗蓝的衍生物，但并不仅限于此。实际上我发现了局部涂敷亚甲基蓝后，经离子电渗法并经660nm光照可促进其被吸收，证明毛囊受到了破坏。我还检测到涂敷硫化酞菁氯化铝。并经760nm光照后毛囊的破坏。因此，可用于本发明的光敏剂并不仅限于ALA。适宜的光敏剂浓度一般为0.1-20％；更优选浓度约为0.5-5％；最优选浓度约为1％。这里提出了某些适用的光敏剂的实例和适宜的波长；其它实例对于光化学领域的技术人员来说也将是显而易见的。
也可采用柔和的毒素如漂白剂、抗代谢药、溶剂、碘释放剂、洗涤剂、表面活性剂，以及交联蛋白固定剂，其使用浓度应可使毛囊灭活但不会对周围的皮肤造成实质损伤(例如，疤痕或造成溃疡)。适宜的浓度一般为1-20％，毛囊对其吸收一般为0.1-5分钟。
可采用各种可用于皮肤的赋形剂(例如，醇溶液和水溶液，水包油或油包水型膏霜、乳剂或油膏剂)周来附载该毛囊灭活化合物，适用的赋形剂形式包括乳液、膏霜和液体，但并不仅限于此。所采用的载体可以使光敏剂或毒素进入毛囊，当载体和皮肤间存在较低的表面张力从而可促进毛细管作用时，吸收效果最好。除简单的毛细作用外，还可采用其它方法使灭活毛囊成分进入毛囊，如超声波法、加热法、压力波法、离子电渗法或表面活性剂法。根据所采用的方法、灭活毛囊化合物的特性、以及所采用的赋形剂等因素来确定吸收灭活毛囊组分所需的时间。一般1-5分钟的时间足够用于吸收灭活毛囊化合物。
也可采用离子电渗法使毛囊易于吸收该灭活毛囊的化合物。皮肤角质层起电阻屏障作用。脱毛后，空毛囊成为外部的电解质溶液进入皮肤内部的主要通路。因此，离子电渗法可以增进离子性灭活毛囊化合物的吸收。在该实施方案中在皮肤上涂敷灭活毛囊化合物，然后施用使该化合物进行离子电渗的同极电极。(见Iomde Inc.，Salt Lake City，UT提供的离子电渗装置的使用说明)。离子性毛囊灭活化合物的实例有：ALA、亚甲基蓝、次氯酸盐漂白剂、氯化物溶液、以及离子表面活性剂。
光敏剂前体(例如，ALA)转化成光敏剂(例如，PRIX)一般在2-4小时内。通过上述的荧光拍摄可容易地测定毛囊吸收光敏剂前体的能力及其在毛囊细胞内转化为光敏剂的能力。在用光对该光敏剂进行活化时，由于对皮肤照射渐强光，可以在皮肤表面涂敷一层矿物油，并覆盖人造荧光树脂片或其它与皮肤折射率相近的透明材料。通过对局部皮肤试用该方法并测定其后毛发的生长情况可以容易地测定出去除毛发以及使毛囊失活所需的最佳条件。
Claims (10)
1.一种去除哺乳动物皮肤上毛发的方法，该方法包括a)经机械法或化学法去除毛，从而露出毛发的毛囊，然后b)处理所述毛囊以抑制其毛发再生能力。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中步骤a)是通过涂敷脱毛蜡来完成的。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中步骤b)包括向所述毛囊施用光敏剂，然后使所述化合物活化。
4.权利要求3的方法，其中所述的光敏剂选自氨基-γ-酮戊酸、亚甲基蓝、尼罗蓝-A衍生物、酞菁、卟啉衍生物、二氢卟酚、以及红紫素。
5.权利要求4的方法，其中所述的光敏剂是氨基-γ-酮戊酸。
6.权利要求4的方法，其中所述的光敏剂是亚甲基蓝。
7.权利要求4的方法，其中所述的光敏剂是硫化酞菁氯化铝。
8.权利要求1的方法，其中步骤b)包括在皮肤上通入电流。
9.权利要求1的方法，其中步骤b)包括对毛囊施用柔和毒素。
10.权利要求3的方法，其中所述的光敏剂是一种前体化合物，它可以在活细胞中转化为光敏剂。
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-
1994
- 1994-09-28 US US08/314,082 patent/US5669916A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-09-22 CA CA002201123A patent/CA2201123C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-22 JP JP8511961A patent/JPH10506554A/ja active Pending
- 1995-09-22 AT AT95934539T patent/ATE273049T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-22 ES ES95934539T patent/ES2225848T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-22 WO PCT/US1995/012275 patent/WO1996009853A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-09-22 EP EP95934539A patent/EP0783347B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-22 CN CNB95195847XA patent/CN1179766C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-22 KR KR1019970701995A patent/KR970706038A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-09-22 DE DE69533360T patent/DE69533360T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1997
- 1997-07-11 US US08/893,856 patent/US5989267A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113730576A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-03 | 佛山市第一人民医院（中山大学附属佛山医院） | 一种激光脱毛的纳米光热材料及其制备方法 |
| CN114246673A (zh) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-29 | 西安欧益光电科技有限公司 | 一种超声辅助激光高效精准脱毛美容方法及装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE273049T1 (de) | 2004-08-15 |
| US5669916A (en) | 1997-09-23 |
| KR970706038A (ko) | 1997-11-03 |
| EP0783347A4 (en) | 2000-06-07 |
| DE69533360T2 (de) | 2005-08-11 |
| US5989267A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
| CA2201123C (en) | 2008-02-19 |
| EP0783347B1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
| AU689962B2 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| DE69533360D1 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
| EP0783347A1 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
| WO1996009853A1 (en) | 1996-04-04 |
| JPH10506554A (ja) | 1998-06-30 |
| ES2225848T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
| CN1179766C (zh) | 2004-12-15 |
| AU3685095A (en) | 1996-04-19 |
| CA2201123A1 (en) | 1996-04-04 |
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