CN116162823A - 一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Zn++] SZKTYYIADWRVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种热镀锌层热成形钢的热冲压零部件及其制备方法,通过调整热成形工艺参数,控制零部件基体内Mn元素的析出,进而控制表面氧化层成分均匀,使零部件具有良好涂装性能。本零部件镀层包含双相锌铁合金层(富锌相和富铁相)和极薄氧化层,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能,零部件制备工艺窗口较宽,控制过程稳定,能够通过表面颜色判断零件加热状态,具有均匀表面状态。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于薄板热冲压、钣金零部件制造技术领域,具体涉及一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件及其制造方法。
背景技术
随着法律法规对汽车碳排放的要求愈加严格,轻量化成为汽车节能减排的首选方式,超高强度钢板既能解决节能减排问题,又能增加汽车安全性能,使用比例逐渐提高。但是1000MPa级别以上的超高强钢板在冷冲压时存在易开裂、严重回弹,难成形复杂零件等问题。热冲压成形工艺能够避免上述问题,但裸板热成形钢在加热过程中存在表面氧化严重、脱碳、耐腐蚀性差、需要抛丸处理等缺点,因此一系列镀层热成形钢如铝硅镀层、锌铁合金化镀层和纯锌镀层等被相继开发出来。
铝硅镀层在加热和热成形过程中容易产生裂纹,不扩散至基板,但由于没有阴极保护作用,会导致零部件耐腐蚀性低。锌基镀层热成形钢可以通过牺牲阳极保护作用,具有优于铝硅镀层耐腐蚀性能。同时相对于铝硅镀层,锌基热成形钢加热温度低、时间短,更加节能,生产成本低。但是锌基镀层热成形钢在采用直接热成形工艺时,由于镀层熔点低,基体奥氏体化温度高,因此及加热工艺窗口较窄。当热成形加热时间较短时,奥氏体化不完全会对材料性能产生较大影响;如果加热时间过长,Fe基体向Zn层中过度扩散,会导致镀层过合金化,富锌Γ相消失,导致镀层耐蚀性能下降。
另外,热成形钢零部件应用于车身需要进行电泳涂装以获得良好的外观及耐蚀性,因此涂装性能是热成形钢的重要指标之一。铝硅镀层在热成形过程中与空气反应生成的氧化物层覆盖于表面,无法在磷化过程中反应生成磷化膜,无法保证电泳漆膜的附着性与耐蚀性,同时热成形过程中易出现的镀层裂纹也导致电泳漆膜凹凸不平,影响美观。
专利号为CN112011752A公开了《一种高耐蚀热成形钢零部件及其制造方法》,该方法通过控制热成形工艺,实现合金化镀层热成形钢具有牺牲阳极保护作用,同时实现零件长期的腐蚀速率(金属减薄率)降低。然而该方法针对不同厚度规格的热成形钢板加热工艺窗口很窄。
专利号为CN110273111A公开了《一种宽热成形加热工艺窗口的锌基镀层热成形钢及其制备方法》,该方法通过“在传统的热成形钢产品中添加0.030~0.10%的P元素”,降低热成形过程中锌铁合金化反应速率,将锌基镀层热成形钢产品的加热工艺窗口扩大近一倍。然而该方法适用于锌铁合金化镀层,并未对纯锌镀层热成形加热工艺窗口进行研究。
专利号为CN111575622A公开了《一种具有优异涂装性能的热成形零部件用的镀铝钢板及其制造方法及热成形零部件》,该方法消除了零部件因表面微裂纹造成的凹凸不平的油漆外观,提升零部件油漆之后的耐蚀性。但是铝硅镀层的耐蚀性低于锌基镀层。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件及其制造方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件,包括基体和镀层,所述基体内Mn元素热处理和成形过程中扩散至镀层内,且镀层内最外侧氧化层内Mn含量不高于1.2%,表面颜色不发黄或略微发黄。
具体的是,所述镀层厚度为20~30μm,镀层包括双相锌铁合金层和极薄氧化层,双相锌铁合金层由富锌相和富铁相组成,以体积分数计,富锌相比例不少于10%,且不高于36%;极薄氧化层厚度不高于1μm,主要含Zn、O、Al、Mn元素,氧化层由外到内分为:氧化锌、氧化铝、锌锰氧化物。
具体的是,所述双相锌铁合金层的富锌相以Γ相为主,按质量百分比计,其中Zn元素含量为70~80%,其余为Fe元素;富铁相以α-Fe(Zn)相为主,按质量百分比计,Zn元素含量不高于42%,其余为Fe元素。
一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件的制造方法,包括以下步骤:在加热炉中,将板料加热至完全奥氏体化并保温,加热后的板料在沸水中清洗氧化层,在模具中成形、保压并淬火,得到零部件。
具体的是,所述板料的镀层为热镀纯锌镀层,按质量百分比计,成分为:Al0.20~0.24%,其余元素为Zn。
具体的是,所述镀层热成形钢板料的原料组分,按质量百分比计,包括:C0.05~0.35wt%,Si0.05~0.2wt%,Mn0.5~2.5wt%,Cr0~0.8wt%,Mo0~0.25wt%,Ti0.02~0.04wt%,Nb0~0.2wt%,V0~0.2wt%,B0.002~0.006wt%,P0~0.020wt%,S0~0.003wt%,Al0.02~0.06wt%,N0~0.006wt%,其余元素为Fe。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)本发明通过调整不同热冲压工艺参数,控制加热和成形过程中基体内Mn元素析出,调整表面氧化层成分,无需抛丸工艺处理就能得到均匀的表面氧化层,在电泳过程中能提供均匀的表面电阻,避免出现电泳缺陷,获得具有良好涂装性能的镀层热成形钢零部件;
2)通过控制Mn析出影响表面颜色,判断零部件加热状态,避免加热过度,从而提高成形效率;
3)镀层热冲压零部件,可直接加热成形,表面质量良好,无扩散至基板裂纹,热冲压过程中不发生液态金属致脆(LMIE);
4)镀层热冲压零部件,包含富锌相和富铁相两相,保留的富锌相可以为钢板腐蚀提供阴极保护作用,具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。
附图说明
图1为不同热冲压成形工艺参数下零部件表面示意图。
图2为热成形后,不同热冲压成形工艺参数下零部件镀层组织图,其中灰白色部分为富锌相(Γ相),深灰色部分为富铁相(α-Fe(Zn)相)。
图3为热成形后,不同热冲压成形工艺参数下,Mn元素沿镀层深度分布曲线示意图。
图4为热成形后,不同热冲压成形工艺参数下,磷化电泳后零部件表面示意图。
图5为零部件镀层结构及锰元素含量变化图。
具体实施方式
现在结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1-5,一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件及其制备方法,通过控制零部件镀层表面Mn元素析出程度,获得均匀表面的零部件,同时提升镀层热成形钢零部件涂装性能,并通过表面颜色判断零部件加热状态,避免加热过度,从而提高成形效率。
一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件,包括基体和镀层,所述零部件基体内Mn元素热处理和成形过程中扩散至镀层内,且镀层内最外侧氧化层内Mn含量不高于1.2%,表面颜色不发黄或略微发黄。
零部件镀层厚度为20~30μm,包括双相锌铁合金层和极薄氧化层,双相锌铁合金层由富锌相和富铁相组成,富锌相比例不少于10%,且不高于36%;所述极薄氧化层厚度不高于1μm,主要含Zn、O、Al、Mn元素,氧化层由外到内分为:氧化锌、氧化铝、锌锰氧化物。
双相锌铁合金层的富锌相以Γ相为主,按质量百分比计,其中Zn元素含量为70~80%,其余为Fe元素;富铁相以α-Fe(Zn)相为主,按质量百分比计,Zn元素含量不高于42%,其余为Fe元素。
一种上述镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件的制造方法,包括以下步骤:板料在加热炉中加热至完全奥氏体化并保温,加热后的板料在沸水中清洗氧化层,在模具作用下成形、保压并淬火,得到零部件;板料的热处理加工工艺为:板料纯锌镀层厚度12~14μm时,加热温度为850~890℃,保温时间为3~8min;板料纯锌镀层厚度14~16μm时,加热时间为870~900℃,保温时间为5~8min;所述镀层热成形钢板料的镀层为热镀纯锌镀层,按质量百分比计,成分为:Al0.20~0.24%,其余元素为Zn。
镀层热成形钢板料的原料组分,按质量百分比计,包括:C0.05~0.35wt%,Si0.05~0.2wt%,Mn0.5~2.5wt%,Cr0~0.8wt%,Mo0~0.25wt%,Ti0.02~0.04wt%,Nb0~0.2wt%,V0~0.2wt%,B0.002~0.006wt%,P0~0.020wt%,S0~0.003wt%,Al0.02~0.06wt%,N0~0.006wt%,其余元素为Fe。
实施例1-5:
镀层热成形钢板料在加热炉中加热至完全奥氏体化并保温,加热后的板料在沸水中清洗氧化层,在模具作用下成形、保压并淬火,得到零部件。
各实施例和比较例热成形工艺参数如表1所示:
表1热成形工艺参数
实施例 | 加热温度/℃ | 保温时间/min | 料厚/mm |
实施例1 | 870 | 5 | 1.5 |
实施例2 | 870 | 7 | 1.5 |
实施例3 | 890 | 5 | 1.5 |
实施例4 | 890 | 7 | 1.5 |
比较例 | 900 | 10 | 1.5 |
热成形之后零部件表面颜色状态如图1所示。
采用辉光光谱仪测量板料热冲压成形前锌层厚度、热成形后零部件镀层和氧化层厚度。
各实施例和比较例热成形工艺参数如表2所示:
表2热成形工艺参数
实施例 | 锌层厚度/μm | 镀层厚度/μm | 氧化层厚度/μm |
实施例1 | 16.1 | 24.7 | 0.41 |
实施例2 | 15.0 | 28.2 | 0.79 |
实施例3 | 14.8 | 25.2 | 0.67 |
实施例4 | 12.2 | 29.3 | 0.90 |
比较例 | 16.2 | 36.5 | 1.27 |
采用扫描电子显微镜在背散射模式下对镀层相进行观察,热成形后镀层相组织如图2所示。
各实施例和比较例热成形后镀层相组织分布如表3所示:
表3镀层相组织分布
各实施例和比较例氧化层内Mn元素分布如图3所示。
将热成形后零部件随某主机厂涂装产线挂片,经磷化涂装工艺后表面状态如图4所示。表面明显发黄的样板,磷化电泳后表面出现明显缩孔、麻点等缺陷。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式,任何人应得知在本发明的启示下作出的结构变化,凡是与本发明具有相同或相近的技术方案,均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明未详细描述的技术、形状、构造部分均为公知技术。
Claims (6)
1.一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件,其特征在于,包括基体和镀层,所述基体内Mn元素热处理和成形过程中扩散至镀层内,且镀层内最外侧氧化层内Mn含量不高于1.2%,表面颜色不发黄或略微发黄。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件,其特征在于,所述镀层厚度为20~30μm,镀层包括双相锌铁合金层和极薄氧化层,双相锌铁合金层由富锌相和富铁相组成,以体积分数计,富锌相比例不少于10%,且不高于36%;极薄氧化层厚度不高于1μm,主要含Zn、O、Al、Mn元素,氧化层由外到内分为:氧化锌、氧化铝、锌锰氧化物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件,其特征在于,所述双相锌铁合金层的富锌相以Γ相为主,按质量百分比计,其中Zn元素含量为70~80%,其余为Fe元素;富铁相以α-Fe(Zn)相为主,按质量百分比计,Zn元素含量不高于42%,其余为Fe元素。
4.一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:在加热炉中,将板料加热至完全奥氏体化并保温,加热后的板料在沸水中清洗氧化层,在模具中成形、保压并淬火,得到零部件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件的制造方法,其特征在于,所述板料的镀层为热镀纯锌镀层,按质量百分比计,成分为:Al0.20~0.24%,其余元素为Zn。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种镀层热成形钢的热冲压零部件的制造方法,其特征在于,所述镀层热成形钢板料的原料组分,按质量百分比计,包括:C0.05~0.35wt%,Si0.05~0.2wt%,Mn0.5~2.5wt%,Cr0~0.8wt%,Mo0~0.25wt%,Ti0.02~0.04wt%,Nb0~0.2wt%,V0~0.2wt%,B0.002~0.006wt%,P0~0.020wt%,S0~0.003wt%,Al0.02~0.06wt%,N0~0.006wt%,其余元素为Fe。
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