CN112795859B - 一种热成形钢板镀层、镀液及热浸镀方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明一种热成形钢板镀层、镀液及热浸镀方法,属于钢板镀层技术领域,基于镀层总重量,所述镀层包括:Mg 0.2~5.0wt%,Cr 0.001~0.5wt%,Cu 0.2~0.5wt%,Fe 20.0~60.0wt%,其余为Al及不可避免的杂质元素。镀液成分及其重量百分含量为:Mg 0.2‑5.0%,Cr 0.001‑0.5%,Cu 0.2‑0.5%,Fe≤0.04%,其余为Al及其不可避免的杂质元素。本发明一种热成形钢板镀层,具有良好的焊接性能、抗高温氧化性以及热冲压性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钢板镀层技术领域,尤其涉及一种热成形钢板镀层、镀液及热浸镀方法。
背景技术
汽车轻量化需要提高钢材强度、韧性达到减薄减重的目的,但同时也需要钢材满足成形工艺、成形质量和成形后安全性能的要求。对于超高强汽车板,强度的提升会带来成形性能降低,而采用热成形能够完美解决这一问题,是汽车轻量化一个重要的解决方案。目前,国内外热成形钢的开发取得了较大进展,热成形后抗拉强度达到1500-2000MPa以上,2000MPa热成形钢淬火后伸长率也可以达到5%以上,制造成零件后轻量化、抗碰撞性能非常好。沃尔沃、大众等汽车品牌大量使用热成形钢制造防撞梁、A柱、B柱、中通道等超高强钢汽车零部件,实现了零件减薄和成形零件个数减少,轻量化效果明显。
同时,热成形钢在热成形过程中暴露出表面易产生氧化铁皮,损伤模具,回弹难以控制等问题,解决方案通常是在热成形钢表面涂覆耐高温氧化、耐腐蚀的涂层,减少加热和热冲压过程中的钢板表面的氧化。常用的热成形钢镀层包括Al-Si镀层、Al-Si-Cu、Al-Si-Ni、GI镀层、GA镀层、Zn-Al-Mg、X-TEC镀层和Zn-Ni镀层等。
热成形钢的镀层按照镀层种类可以分为铝基镀层和锌基镀层,铝基镀层熔点高,热成形性能好,表面致密抗高温氧化性能好,适合直接热冲压成形,特殊的铝基镀层满足间接热成形工艺要求,加热窗口较宽,焊接时存在液态金属脆性;锌基镀层主要通过锌铁合金提高抗高温氧化性,具备切口保护性能,热成形工艺窗口窄,成形过程镀层易于开裂,焊接存在液态金属脆性问题。热成形钢的镀层按照镀层生产方式可分为热浸镀型、热喷涂型和电镀。热浸镀采用钢板或钢带侵入镀液中形成镀层;热喷涂将矿物原料、金属氧化物、金属纳米颗粒、硼化物和石墨等原料磨成粉,然后和水混合成浆料,涂覆在经预处理后的钢板表面;电镀将钢板浸泡在金属镀液中,钢板出镀液后表面会形成一层薄镀层,镀层凝固后经过热处理后具有较强抗高温氧化能力。用于热冲压成形钢镀层要求抗高温氧化、耐腐蚀性能,对表面质量、焊接性能、生产成本等有一定要求,因此普遍采用热浸镀的方式。
公告号EP2045360A1的专利提供了一种Al-Si镀层技术方案,由于技术垄断市场化推广后价格较高,此外镀层产品仍存在加热粘辊,抗高温氧化偏低的缺点;申请专利号CN201410428572.X和CN201410156753.1的中国发明专利,提供了Al-Si-Ni-稀土和Al-Si-Cu镀层材料提高镀层的抗高温氧化性,由于添加Cu、Ni等元素增加了生产成本。公告号CN110777319 A 的中国发明专利提供了Al-Si-Mg-Cu-REM镀层解决方案,该镀层属于Al-Si镀层改进型,添加Mg、Cu、稀土等元素增加了生产成本,主要目标是解决表面漏镀,同时减少合金层提高热成形性能。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种热成形钢板镀层、镀液及热浸镀方法,解决目前常规钢板镀层抗高温氧化性不足、成本较高的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种热成形钢板镀层,其特征在于,基于镀层总重量,所述镀层包括:Mg 0.2~5.0wt%,Cr 0.001~0.5wt%,Cu 0.2~0.5wt%,Fe 20.0~60.0wt%,其余为Al及不可避免的杂质元素;
本发明镀层主体为≤60%铁含量的铝铁合金层,具有良好的焊接性能和抗高温氧化性,本发明主要利用铝铁合金层提高抗高温氧化性,通过添加少量的Cu、Cr进一步提高抗高温氧化性,通过添加Mg元素提高高温耐蚀性能,同时Cu、Cr、Mg等元素在镀层中细化铝铁镀层,抑制基板和镀层间过厚的脆性相Fe3Al、Fe2Al5的生成,提高了高温热冲压成形性能。
上述钢板镀层采用热浸镀工艺得到,所用镀液成分及其重量百分含量为:Mg 0.2-5.0%,Cr 0.001-0.5%,Cu 0.2-0.5%,Fe≤0.04%,其余为Al及其不可避免的杂质元素。
上述钢板镀层的热浸镀方法,包括预氧化、退火、镀层热浸渡、合金化、镀后冷却工序,其特征在于,所述镀层热浸渡工序:钢板入镀液温度520~650℃,镀液温度580~700℃,热浸渡时间≤20s;所述镀后合金化工序:加热温度600~720℃,合金化时间2~12s。
优选的,所述预氧化工序,预氧化气氛为氮气和空气的混合气体,其氧含量为300~20000ppm,预氧化温度580~720℃,预氧化时间8~56s。
优选的,所述退火工序,炉内气氛为氮氢气混合气体,其中氢气体积含量3~20%,露点-51~-22℃,氧含量8~23ppm。
优选的,所述镀后冷却工序,采用氮气或空气冷却,冷却速率5-20℃/s。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:
本发明一种热成形钢板镀层,具有良好的焊接性能、抗高温氧化性以及热冲压性能,采用本发明镀液和热浸镀方法生产的钢板热处理后镀层表面基本无氧化,镀后点焊液态金属脆性无或者不明显,热冲压后镀层不脱离。
具体实施方式
本发明一种热成形钢板镀层的热浸镀方法,包括预氧化、退火、镀层热浸渡、合金化、镀后冷却工序,生产步骤如下:
(1)预氧化工序,预氧化气氛为氮气和空气的混合气体,其氧含量为300~20000ppm,预氧化温度580~720℃,预氧化时间8~56s。
(2)退火工序,炉内气氛为氮氢气混合气体,其中氢气体积含量3~20%,露点-51~-22℃,氧含量8~23ppm。
(3)镀层热浸渡工序:钢板入镀液温度520~650℃,镀液温度580~700℃,热浸渡时间≤20s;
(4)镀后合金化工序:加热温度600~720℃,合金化时间2~12s。
(5)镀后冷却工序,采用氮气或空气冷却,冷却速率5-20℃/s。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1-10
实施例1-10采用上述具体实施方式制备一种热成形钢板镀层,采用的镀液成分及重量百分含量见表1,制成的钢板镀层成分及重量百分含量见表2,预氧化工序预氧化温度、预氧化时间、预氧化气氛中氧含量见表3,退火工序露点、氧含量、氢气体积含量见表3,镀层热浸渡工序钢板入镀液温度、镀液温度、热浸镀时间见表3,镀后合金化工序加热温度、合金化时间见表3,镀后冷却工序镀后冷却速度见表3。
表1
表2
表3
对实施例1-10得到的具有镀层的钢板进行焊接后,镀层焊接性能指标见表4,对实施例1-10得到的具有镀层的钢板进行热处理后,镀层抗氧化性能指标见表4,对实施例1-10得到的具有镀层的钢板进行热冲压后,镀层状态见表4。
表4
以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (3)
1.一种热成形钢板镀层的热浸镀方法,包括预氧化、退火、镀层热浸渡、合金化、镀后冷却工序,其特征在于,所述镀层包括:Mg 0.2~5.0wt%,Cr 0.001~0.5wt%,Cu 0.2~0.5wt%,Fe 20.0~60.0wt%,其余为Al及不可避免的杂质元素;所述预氧化工序,预氧化气氛为氮气和空气的混合气体,其氧含量为300~20000ppm,预氧化温度580~720℃,预氧化时间8~56s;所述镀层热浸渡工序:钢板入镀液温度520~650℃,镀液温度580~700℃,热浸渡时间≤20s,镀液成分及其重量百分含量为:Mg 0.2-5.0%,Cr 0.001-0.5%,Cu 0.2-0.5%,Fe≤0.04%,其余为Al及其不可避免的杂质元素;所述镀后合金化工序:加热温度600~720℃,合金化时间2~12s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种热成形钢板镀层的热浸镀方法,其特征在于,所述退火工序,炉内气氛为氮氢气混合气体,其中氢气体积含量3~20%,露点-51~-22℃,氧含量8~23ppm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种热成形钢板镀层的热浸镀方法,其特征在于,所述镀后冷却工序,采用氮气或空气冷却,冷却速率5-20℃/s。
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