CN116162818A - Method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding - Google Patents
Method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding Download PDFInfo
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- CN116162818A CN116162818A CN202310186109.8A CN202310186109A CN116162818A CN 116162818 A CN116162818 A CN 116162818A CN 202310186109 A CN202310186109 A CN 202310186109A CN 116162818 A CN116162818 A CN 116162818A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
- B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding, and belongs to the technical field of semi-solid molding. The invention combines pulping and plastic forming procedures, and the prepared semi-solid slurry completes extrusion plastic forming through the action of extrusion force, thereby being beneficial to the development of semi-solid forming technology; the method comprises the following steps: heating the semi-solid aluminum alloy cast ingot, preheating and preserving heat of the billet, rapidly transferring the preheated billet into an extrusion cylinder preheated to a certain temperature, extruding the billet into an extrusion die cavity by utilizing an extruder, and finally obtaining the aluminum alloy profile with high density and high mechanical property. The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of simple implementation and operation method, convenient control, improvement of the compactness of the cast aluminum alloy, refinement of the grain size, refinement of the silicon phase and improvement of the mechanical property of the alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding, belonging to the technical field of semi-solid molding.
Background
Semi-solid metal forming technology is proposed by Flemings et al, the university of hemp, china and technology university, and is regarded as an advanced metal forming technology, and is known as a 21 st generation metal forming technology due to the excellent characteristics of small solidification shrinkage, small segregation, high product quality, near-net forming and the like. At present, two main technological routes for semi-solid metal forming exist: one is thixotropic forming, pulping and forming are combined together; the other is rheology forming, which combines blank making and forming.
The high silicon aluminum alloy has the advantages of low thermal expansion coefficient, low density, high strength, good wear resistance, good casting performance and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aviation, automobiles and the like. However, the as-cast alloy structure has coarse silicon phase, severely cracks the matrix, and simultaneously microcracks are easily generated in the aluminum matrix at the sharp corners of the primary crystal silicon in the deformation process, so that the plasticity and toughness of the alloy are reduced, and the application and development of the high-silicon aluminum alloy are restricted. Therefore, how to refine the high-silicon aluminum alloy structure by adopting an advanced preparation process, improve the morphology, the size and the distribution of a silicon phase, improve the comprehensive performance of the silicon phase, and finally prepare the high-silicon aluminum alloy material with excellent comprehensive performance becomes an important research point in recent years.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic forming, which combines semi-solid slurry preparation and forming, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a semi-solid aluminum alloy cast ingot by adopting a rod rotating induction nucleation method: preparing an alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 1000-1100 ℃, degassing and deslagging by using hexachloroethane, casting at 770-790 ℃, rotating a rod at 500-700 r/min, introducing water at 5-15L/min, and performing water quenching when the temperature of the melt is 570-585 ℃ to obtain an extruded billet.
(2) Removing surface oxide skin from the prepared semi-solid ingot, removing surface impurities, and heating in a heating furnace at 420-460 ℃ for 3-7 h.
In order to make the alloy metal flow more uniformly, the preheating temperature and the heat preservation time of the aluminum alloy extrusion billet are very important, through the preheating heat preservation treatment, the alloy components are uniform, the deformation resistance is lower, the alloy plasticity is good, the deformation processing is easy, and meanwhile, the step can ensure that the product obtains uniform and good tissue performance. Through a large number of experiments, verification and analysis. When the heating temperature is less than 420 ℃ and the heat preservation time is less than 3 hours, alloy elements cannot be well diffused, components are difficult to be homogenized, meanwhile, extrusion molding is difficult, when the heating temperature is more than 460 ℃ and the heat preservation time is more than 7 hours, crystal grains coarsen, and the tensile strength is reduced although the elongation is higher, so that the mechanical properties of the material are affected.
(3) Hot extrusion: the heated billet is transferred to a preheated extrusion barrel, and then the billet is extruded into an extrusion die cavity by an extruder to prepare an extrusion product.
Preferably, the water quenching temperature in the step (1) is 570-585 ℃; the diameter of the extruded billets is 90mm, and the height is 120-300 mm.
Preferably, in the step (3) of the invention, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 420-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-470 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 2-10, and the extrusion speed is 4-9 mm/s.
The aim of preheating the extrusion cylinder is to keep the same with the preheated alloy to be extruded after preheating, so that the surface temperature of the extrusion part is prevented from being reduced, and the metal fluidity and the uniformity of the structure pattern are prevented from being influenced; when the extrusion cylinder is not preheated, the obtained product has uneven microstructure of alloy; in addition, the extrusion pad and the extrusion die are required to be preheated, the preheating temperature is 430-470 ℃, and the microstructure form and mechanical property of the product are relatively high; through a large number of experiments and analysis, when the preheating temperature of the extrusion cylinder is set to be 420-450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 4-9 mm/s, and the microstructure shape and mechanical property of the product are better; the extrusion speed is too low, the production efficiency is reduced, and when the extrusion speed is too low and is lower than 3mm/s, the surface of the extruded part is not smooth and is rough; the extrusion speed is too high, and the elongation is improved, but the tensile strength of the product is reduced, so that the product is easy to thermally crack.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method has simple operation method, is convenient to control, improves the compactness of the aluminum alloy, refines the grain size and refines the silicon phase, the average grain size is 35 mu m, and obviously improves the mechanical property tensile strength and the elongation of the alloy.
After alloy extrusion, microstructure obtained by semi-solid alloy billet extrusion is even compared with the microstructure extruded by an as-cast billet, coarse dendrites disappear, crystal grains are obviously refined, and grain boundary strengthening and plasticity improvement are facilitated; the brittle and thick needle-shaped silicon phase is crushed and thinned, so that stress concentration formed by the tip of the needle-shaped silicon phase is reduced, the coordination of deformation is enhanced, and the improvement of alloy strength and plasticity is facilitated; meanwhile, after the alloy is extruded, casting defects such as air holes, looseness and the like are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rod-turning induction nucleation apparatus.
1-speed regulating motor, 2-transmission device, 3-cooling channel, 4-runner, 5-stick, 6-support, 7-lift system, 8-liquid film, 9-thick liquids collector.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structure of an extrusion die.
10-cavity, 11-threaded hole, 12-mold core.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the extrusion die.
Fig. 4 shows microstructure morphology of cast aluminum alloy ingots without semi-solid state treatment.
Fig. 5 shows the microstructure morphology of the aluminum alloy bar after semi-solid treatment by rotating the bar.
Fig. 6 shows the microstructure morphology of a billet of cast aluminum alloy after hot extrusion.
Fig. 7 shows the microstructure morphology of a semi-solid aluminum alloy bar after hot extrusion.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1
A method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry extrusion billet: the method for preparing the slurry is a rotating rod induction nucleation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 1100 ℃, degassing and deslagging by using hexachloroethane, pouring at the pouring temperature of 780 ℃, rotating a rotating rod at 600r/min, introducing water flow of 10L/min, measuring the temperature of the melt after the rotating rod treatment, and performing water quenching when the temperature of the melt is 585 ℃; the microstructure is shown in FIG. 5, the extruded billet has a diameter of 90mm (depending on the diameter of the extruder barrel) and a height of 200mm.
(2) Preheating and extruding the billet to realize homogenization treatment of the alloy, wherein the temperature of a preheating extrusion cylinder and an extrusion pad is 420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours; the temperature of the pre-heated extrusion die was 450 ℃.
(3) And (3) hot extrusion process: placing the preheated extrusion die into an extrusion die cavity, and rapidly extruding the preheated extrusion billet and the extrusion pad into a preheated extrusion barrel for extrusion; the extrusion ratio was 10 and the extrusion speed was 7mm/s.
In the process, the microstructure forms of the aluminum alloy before and after extrusion are obviously changed due to the extrusion of external force and the shearing action of the alloy. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the solidification structure of the ingot alloy which is not semi-solid slurried is a primary silicon phase of coarse dendrites and coarse needles; after the slurry billet prepared by semi-solid induction is extruded, the alloy microstructure is obviously thinned compared with the crystal grains of the ingot (without rod rotation induction), thereby being beneficial to increasing the strengthening of the crystal boundary and the improvement of the plasticity. The brittle and coarse needle-shaped silicon phase is crushed and thinned, which is beneficial to the improvement of alloy strength and plasticity. Meanwhile, after the semi-solid alloy is extruded, casting defects such as air holes, looseness and the like are reduced, and the mechanical property of the extruded semi-solid aluminum alloy is greatly improved compared with that of the extruded semi-solid alloy after the extrusion is carried out in an as-cast state.
In the embodiment, the mechanical property of the extruded aluminum alloy is greatly improved without rod rotating treatment, the tensile strength is 131MPa, and the elongation is 2.7%.
Example 2
A method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry extrusion billet: the method for preparing the slurry is a rotating rod induction nucleation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 1050 ℃, carrying out degassing and deslagging by using hexachloroethane, casting at a casting temperature of 770 ℃, rotating a rotating rod at a rotating speed of 700r/min, introducing water flow of 15L/min, measuring the temperature of the melt after the rotating rod treatment, and carrying out water quenching when the temperature of the melt is 570 ℃; the extruded billet had a diameter of 90mm (depending on the diameter of the extruder barrel) and a height of 200mm.
(2) Preheating and extruding the billet to realize homogenization treatment of the alloy, wherein the temperature of a preheating extrusion cylinder and an extrusion pad is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours; the preheated extrusion die temperature was 430 ℃.
(3) And (3) hot extrusion process: placing the preheated extrusion die into an extrusion die cavity, and rapidly extruding the preheated extrusion billet and the extrusion pad into a preheated extrusion barrel for extrusion; the extrusion ratio was 2 and the extrusion speed was 4mm/s.
In the embodiment, the mechanical property of the extruded aluminum alloy is greatly improved without rod rotating treatment, the tensile strength is 130MPa, and the elongation is 2.9%.
Example 3
A method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry extrusion billet: the method for preparing the slurry is a rotating rod induction nucleation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 1000 ℃, degassing and deslagging by using hexachloroethane, pouring at a pouring temperature of 790 ℃, rotating a rotating rod at 500r/min, introducing water flow at 5L/min, measuring the temperature of the melt after the rotating rod treatment, and performing water quenching when the temperature of the melt is 580 ℃. The extruded billet had a diameter of 90mm (depending on the diameter of the extruder barrel) and a height of 120mm.
(2) Pre-heating and extruding the billet to realize homogenization treatment of the alloy, wherein the pre-heating temperature is 430 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours; the temperature of the preheated extrusion cylinder, the extrusion pad and the extrusion die was 470 ℃.
(3) And the hot extrusion process is to put the preheated extrusion die into an extrusion die cavity, and rapidly extrude the preheated extrusion billet and the extrusion pad into a preheated extrusion barrel for extrusion. The extrusion ratio is 2, and the extrusion speed is 7mm/s; in the embodiment, the mechanical property of the extruded aluminum alloy is greatly improved without rod rotating treatment, the tensile strength is 133MPa, and the elongation is 3.1%.
Comparative examples
A method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding specifically comprises the following steps: 1
(1) Preparing an aluminum alloy slurry extrusion billet: the method of preparing the slurry is conventional casting, and the corresponding microstructure is shown in fig. 4.
(2) And pre-heating the extruded billets to realize homogenization treatment of the alloy, wherein the pre-heating temperature is 420 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours. The temperature of the preheated extrusion cylinder, the extrusion pad and the extrusion die was 430 ℃.
(3) And (3) hot extrusion process: placing the preheated extrusion die into an extrusion die cavity, and rapidly extruding the preheated extrusion billet and the extrusion pad into a preheated extrusion barrel for extrusion; the extrusion ratio was 2 and the extrusion speed was 7mm/s.
In the embodiment, the mechanical property of the extruded aluminum alloy is greatly improved without rod rotating treatment, the tensile strength is 111MPa, and the elongation is 1.5%.
The same extrusion forming conditions can be found by comparison, and the tensile strength and the elongation rate of plastic forming by adopting semi-solid pulping are obviously improved.
Claims (4)
1. The method for integrally preparing the aluminum alloy by utilizing the semi-solid slurry plastic molding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing a semi-solid aluminum alloy cast ingot by adopting a rod rotating induction nucleation method: preparing an alloy melt, heating the alloy melt to 1000-1100 ℃, degassing and deslagging by using hexachloroethane, casting at 770-790 ℃, rotating a rod at 500-700 r/min, introducing water with a flow rate of 5-15L/min, and performing water quenching when the temperature of the melt is 570-585 ℃ to obtain an extruded billet;
(2) Removing surface oxide skin from the prepared semi-solid ingot, removing surface impurities, and heating in a heating furnace at 420-460 ℃ for 3-7 h;
(3) Hot extrusion: the heated billet is transferred to a preheated extrusion barrel, and then the billet is extruded into an extrusion die cavity by an extruder to prepare an extrusion product.
2. The method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by plastic forming of semi-solid slurry according to claim 1, wherein: the water quenching temperature in the step (1) is 570-585 ℃; the diameter of the extruded billets is 90mm, and the height is 120-300 mm.
3. The method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by plastic forming of semi-solid slurry according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 420-450 ℃, and the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-470 ℃.
4. A method for integrally producing an aluminum alloy by plastic forming using a semi-solid slurry according to claim 3, wherein: the extrusion ratio in the step (3) is 2-10, and the extrusion speed is 4-9 mm/s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310186109.8A CN116162818A (en) | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-01 | Method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding |
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| CN202310186109.8A CN116162818A (en) | 2023-03-01 | 2023-03-01 | Method for integrally preparing aluminum alloy by utilizing semi-solid slurry plastic molding |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203508950U (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-04-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Device for inducing molten metal to carry out rapid and mass nucleation through rotary rod |
| US20160214429A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-07-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods and apparatus to produce high performance axisymmetric components |
| CN107058816A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-08-18 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of semi-solid-state shaping hypereutectic Al Si alloys and preparation method thereof |
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- 2023-03-01 CN CN202310186109.8A patent/CN116162818A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203508950U (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-04-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Device for inducing molten metal to carry out rapid and mass nucleation through rotary rod |
| US20160214429A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-07-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Methods and apparatus to produce high performance axisymmetric components |
| CN107058816A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-08-18 | 沈阳工业大学 | A kind of semi-solid-state shaping hypereutectic Al Si alloys and preparation method thereof |
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