CN111790864B - Forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111790864B CN111790864B CN202010646063.XA CN202010646063A CN111790864B CN 111790864 B CN111790864 B CN 111790864B CN 202010646063 A CN202010646063 A CN 202010646063A CN 111790864 B CN111790864 B CN 111790864B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: (1) forging and heating: the heating temperature of the blank is 480-510 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12-18h, the heating temperature of the die is 450-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 18-24 h; (2) forging: forging the heated blank in an upsetting-stretching mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 50-70%, the stretching deformation is 50-70%, when the temperature of the blank is lower than 450 ℃ or the temperature of a die is lower than 400 ℃, returning the blank to the furnace, carrying out secondary heating again according to the requirement in the step 1, and then carrying out subsequent stretching-upsetting-stretching; (3) and (3) final forging of the forged piece: and heating the forging to the temperature of 500-.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy.
Background
If the forging is applied to the field of semiconductors, the performance of the forging is required in more aspects, and the requirements on the oxidation aspect and the electric breakdown performance of the product are difficult to meet by applying the conventional common 6-series alloy and a forging mode.
In the prior art, for the forging of 6 series alloy, common 6 series alloy is used, and in the forging process, the forging temperature of a product is controlled to be more than 400 ℃, and the flat anvil temperature is more than 300 ℃, so that the forging mode can meet normal performance requirements, but the electric breakdown performance is difficult to meet, and the color difference is easy to generate after oxidation.
In comparison, by increasing the forging temperature and the deformation, the crystal grains can be fully broken in the forging process, so that color spots are not easily generated by oxidation after forging, and the electric breakdown performance of the forge piece is better due to smaller crystal grains. However, the forging temperature, the deformation mode and the deformation amount are needed to be researched, the forging temperature, the deformation mode and the deformation amount supplement each other, and the formula of the alloy is also improved to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging method for improving the oxidation resistance and the electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy, and the forging method can ensure that a product can meet the mechanical property and can also meet the requirements of excellent electric breakdown performance and oxidation of a forging piece at the same time by improving the original formula and the forging method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6 series aluminum alloy is provided, wherein the 6 series aluminum alloy is 6061 aluminum alloy added with 0.1-0.13% of Co; the forging method comprises the following steps: (1) forging and heating: the heating temperature of the blank is 480-510 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12-18h, the heating temperature of the die is 450-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 18-24 h; (2) forging: forging the heated blank in an upsetting-stretching mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 50-70%, the stretching deformation is 50-70%, when the temperature of the blank is lower than 450 ℃ or the temperature of a die is lower than 400 ℃, returning the blank to the furnace, carrying out secondary heating again according to the requirement in the step 1, and then carrying out subsequent stretching-upsetting-stretching; (3) and (3) final forging of the forged piece: and heating the forging to the temperature of 500-.
Further, the preparation method of the blank comprises the following steps: manufacturing a 6-series aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the homogenization temperature is 575-585 ℃, the homogenization time is 6-8h, and a water cooling process is adopted after homogenization, and the water temperature is 40-60 ℃.
Furthermore, the casting process of the 6-series aluminum alloy ingot does not allow the use of waste materials, and needs to be refined twice.
Further, the mold temperature in step 2 is maintained at 400-.
Further, immediately quenching the forging after finish forging of the forging, wherein the temperature of the water medium is as follows: and at the temperature of 30-45 ℃, the forged piece can be lifted out after staying in water for 30 minutes after water quenching.
Further, the forged piece is lifted out for aging after staying in water for 30 minutes, and the aging process is 145-165 ℃/6-12 h.
Further, in step 2, the upsetting deformation amount is 60%, and the elongation deformation amount is 60%.
Further, in step 3, the upsetting deformation amount is 12.5%, and the elongation deformation amount is 12.5%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the forging method, through an upsetting-stretching forging mode, after forging to a certain deformation amount at a certain high temperature, and then through upsetting-stretching forging, twice deformation is carried out, so that crystal grains are fully crushed, and therefore color spots are not easily generated by oxidation after forging, the crystal grains are small, and the electric breakdown performance of the forging is excellent. Meanwhile, the forging method has better effect on the modified 6-series aluminum alloy added with Co.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention, the following examples are given to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the blank comprises the steps of preparing a 6-series aluminum alloy ingot, adding 0.12% of Co, not allowing waste materials to be used, refining twice, casting at 725 ℃, homogenizing at 580 ℃, homogenizing for 7 hours, and cooling with water at 50 ℃ after homogenizing.
A forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: (1) forging and heating: heating the blank at 495 ℃, keeping the temperature for 16h, heating the mould at 475 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 21 h; (2) forging: forging the heated blank in an upsetting-stretching mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 60%, the stretching deformation is 60%, when the temperature of the blank is lower than 450 ℃ or the temperature of a die is lower than 400 ℃, returning the blank to the furnace, reheating the blank according to the requirement in the step 1, and then performing subsequent stretching-upsetting-stretching; in the step 2, the temperature of the die is kept at 450 ℃, and the temperature of the blank is 475 ℃; (3) and (3) final forging of the forged piece: and (3) heating the forging to 520 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, simultaneously heating a forging die to 490 ℃, quickly performing final forging on the forging, and performing upsetting-drawing in a way that the upsetting deformation is 12.5% and the drawing deformation is 12.5%, so as to ensure that the size requirement of the forging is met.
Immediately quenching the forged piece after the finish forging of the forged piece is finished, wherein the temperature of the water medium is as follows: and at 37.5 ℃, the forged piece after water quenching can be lifted out after staying in water for 30 minutes. And (3) after the forging piece stays in water for 30 minutes, the forged piece is lifted out for aging, and the aging process is 155 ℃/9 h. And then machining to obtain the finished product.
Example 2
The preparation method of the blank comprises the following steps: manufacturing 6 series aluminum alloy cast ingots, adding 0.1% of Co, not allowing waste materials to be used, refining twice, casting at 750 ℃, homogenizing at 575 ℃ for 8 hours, and cooling with water at 40 ℃ after homogenizing.
A forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: (1) forging and heating: heating the blank at 480 ℃, preserving heat for 18h, heating the die at 450 ℃, and preserving heat for 24 h; (2) forging: forging the heated blank in an upsetting-stretching mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 50%, the stretching deformation is 70%, when the temperature of the blank is lower than 450 ℃ or the temperature of a die is lower than 400 ℃, returning the blank to the furnace, reheating the blank according to the requirement in the step 1, and then performing subsequent stretching-upsetting-stretching; in the step 2, the temperature of the die is kept at 400 ℃, and the temperature of the blank is kept at 500 ℃; (3) and (3) final forging of the forged piece: heating the forging to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, simultaneously heating a forging die to 480 ℃, rapidly carrying out finish forging on the forging, and carrying out upsetting-drawing mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 15%, the drawing deformation is 10%, and the size requirement of the forging is ensured to be met.
Immediately quenching the forged piece after the finish forging of the forged piece is finished, wherein the temperature of the water medium is as follows: and at 45 ℃, the forged piece after water quenching can be lifted out after staying in water for 30 minutes. And (3) after the forging piece stays in water for 30 minutes, the forged piece is lifted out for aging, and the aging process is 145 ℃/12 h. And then machining to obtain the finished product.
Example 3
The preparation method of the blank comprises the following steps: manufacturing a 6-series aluminum alloy ingot, adding 0.13% of Co, not allowing waste materials to be used, refining twice, casting at 700 ℃, homogenizing at 585 ℃, homogenizing for 6 hours, and performing a water cooling process after homogenizing at 60 ℃.
A forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: (1) forging and heating: heating the blank at 510 ℃, preserving heat for 12h, heating the mould at 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 18 h; (2) forging: forging the heated blank in an upsetting-stretching mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 70%, the stretching deformation is 50%, when the temperature of the blank is lower than 450 ℃ or the temperature of a die is lower than 400 ℃, returning the blank to the furnace, reheating the blank according to the requirement in the step 1, and then performing subsequent stretching-upsetting-stretching; in the step 2, the temperature of the die is kept at 500 ℃, and the temperature of the blank is kept at 450 ℃; (3) and (3) final forging of the forged piece: and heating the forging to 530 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, simultaneously heating a forging die to 500 ℃, rapidly carrying out finish forging on the forging, and carrying out upsetting-drawing mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 10%, the drawing deformation is 15%, and the size requirement of the forging is ensured to be met.
Immediately quenching the forged piece after the finish forging of the forged piece is finished, wherein the temperature of the water medium is as follows: and at 30 ℃, the forged piece after water quenching can be lifted out after staying in water for 30 minutes. And (3) after the forging piece stays in water for 30 minutes, the forged piece is lifted out for aging, and the aging process is 165 ℃/6 h. And then machining to obtain the finished product.
Comparative example 1
The preparation process was substantially the same as that of example 1 except that no Co was added.
Comparative example 2
The procedure was substantially the same as in example 1 except that 0.2% Co was added.
Comparative example 3
The process was substantially the same as that of example 1 except that the upsetting deformation amount in step 2 was 40%, the elongation deformation amount was 40%, the upsetting deformation amount in step 3 was 32.5%, and the elongation deformation amount was 32.5%.
Comparative example 4
The preparation process was substantially the same as that of example 1 except that the proportion of the added waste material was 30%.
Comparative example 5
The process was essentially the same as for example 1 except that in step 2 the mold temperature was maintained at 350 deg.C and the blank temperature at 400 deg.C.
Comparative example 6
Basically the same procedure as in example 1 was followed except that the final forging was not performed, and the quenching treatment and the subsequent operations were performed.
Comparative example 7
The ingot in example 1 was produced by the following conventional method:
extruding: and (3) extruding the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot in an extruder to obtain the required aluminum alloy section, wherein the extrusion barrel is heated before extrusion, the temperature is heated to 450 ℃, the extrusion cast ingot is heated, the temperature is heated to 520 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 5 m/min.
Solution treatment: and (3) carrying out solution treatment on the extruded aluminum alloy section, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 55min, and quenching the aluminum alloy section after solution treatment by using quenching liquid.
And (3) cold treatment: and (3) carrying out cold treatment on the quenched aluminum alloy section, wherein the cold treatment temperature is-180 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
Aging, wherein the aging process is 145 ℃/12 h. And then machining to obtain the finished product.
The results of the measurements on the standard samples obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in the following table.
From the above table, it can be seen that: the forgings obtained in the embodiment 1 are excellent in mechanical properties, wherein the tensile strength is more than or equal to 260MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 240MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 7%, the electric breakdown resistance meets the requirement, and the surfaces of the forgings after oxidation are free of color spots, so that the forging has an excellent effect. In comparison with example one, in comparative example 4, 30% scrap was added during smelting, resulting in color difference after oxidation. Compared with the first embodiment, the first embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of lower forging temperature, work hardening, coarse grains generated by the subsequent heat treatment, color spots after the subsequent oxidation, relatively thin film thickness, and poor electrical breakdown resistance. Compared with the embodiment 1, the first deformation amount in the forging process in the comparative example 3 is relatively small, the crystal grains are not fully crushed, relatively large and uneven, so that color spots exist after subsequent oxidation, the film thickness is relatively thin, and the electrical breakdown resistance is poor. Comparative example 6, which was not finish forged, was clearly inferior in electrical breakdown resistance. Comparison of comparative examples 1-2 shows that the addition of Co can significantly improve the electrical breakdown, but the amount is not so large that the effect is not good. Comparative example 7 is a conventional extrusion molding method, and it can be seen that the temperature is sufficiently high but sufficient deformation is not performed, and the properties are remarkably poor.
The above description should not be taken as limiting the invention to the embodiments, but rather, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, numerous simplifications or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (3)
1. A forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6 series aluminum alloy is characterized in that the 6 series aluminum alloy is 6061 aluminum alloy added with 0.1-0.13% of Co; the forging method comprises the following steps: (1) forging and heating: the heating temperature of the blank is 480-510 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12-18h, the heating temperature of the die is 450-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 18-24 h; (2) forging: forging the heated blank in an upsetting-stretching mode, wherein the upsetting deformation is 50-70%, the stretching deformation is 50-70%, when the temperature of the blank is lower than 450 ℃ or the temperature of a die is lower than 400 ℃, returning the blank to the furnace, reheating the blank according to the requirement in the step (1), and then performing subsequent stretching-upsetting-stretching; (3) and (3) final forging of the forged piece: heating the forging to the temperature of 500-; the preparation method of the blank comprises the following steps: manufacturing a 6-series aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the casting temperature is 700-750 ℃, the homogenization temperature is 575-585 ℃, the homogenization time is 6-8h, and a water cooling process is adopted after homogenization, and the water temperature is 40-60 ℃; the casting process of the 6-series aluminum alloy cast ingot does not allow the use of waste materials, and needs to be refined twice; the temperature of the mould in the step (2) is kept at 400-500 ℃, and the temperature of the blank is kept at 450-500 ℃; immediately quenching the forged piece after the finish forging of the forged piece is finished, wherein the temperature of the water medium is as follows: the temperature is 30-45 ℃, and the forged piece can be lifted out after staying in water for 30 minutes after water quenching; and (3) hanging out the rear forging for aging after the forging stays in water for 30 minutes, wherein the aging process is 145-165 ℃ for 6-12 hours.
2. The forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown resistance of 6-series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the upsetting deformation amount is 60%, and the elongation deformation amount is 60%.
3. The forging method for improving oxidation resistance and electric breakdown performance of 6-series aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the upsetting deformation amount is 12.5%, and the elongation deformation amount is 12.5%.
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| CN113996742A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 西安超晶科技有限公司 | Forging process of wide high-temperature alloy plate blank |
| CN113881906B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-05-27 | 宁波旭升汽车技术股份有限公司 | Rapid heat treatment process for aluminum alloy material |
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| CN101941039B (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2011-11-23 | 中南大学 | High-strength aluminum alloy isothermal direction-change open die forging method and device |
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Denomination of invention: A forging method for improving the oxidation resistance and electric breakdown properties of 6-series aluminum alloy Effective date of registration: 20220218 Granted publication date: 20210420 Pledgee: Bank of Communications Ltd. Fujian branch Pledgor: FUJIAN XIANGXIN SHARES Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022350000022 |