CN1161564A - 低压放电灯 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0672—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
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Abstract
本发明的低压放电灯配备有气密放电容器(10),其中装有可电离的充填料且配置有电极容器,两电极间延伸着放电通道。至少一个电极有一钨线圈(20A)与延伸到放电容器(10)外的供流导体(30A,30’A)电连接。线圈(20A)的中心区(21A)覆有电子发射材料(22A),线圈(20A)两端的边缘区(23A,23’A)介于中心区(21A)与相应的供流导体(30A,30’A)之间。边缘区(23A,23’A)的保护材料被覆层(24A,24’A)由电阻率小于1000微欧·厘米的陶瓷材料组成。本发明的灯,制造容易,开关寿命较长。
Description
本发明涉及一种低压放电灯,低压放电灯的放电管以气密的方式封闭着,里面装有隋性气体组成的可电离的充填料,各电极配置在放电管内,电极之间延伸着放电通道,至少一个电极中的线圈由高熔点金属制成,与延伸到放电管外的供流导体电连接,线圈的中心区用电子发射材料被覆着,线圈的两端是边缘区,处在中心区与相应的供流导体之间,被覆有保护材料。
从美国专利US5233268可以了解到这种放电灯的情况。该专利的灯是个低压水银放电灯,放电灯的管状放电容器两端配置着上述那种电极。各电极线圈的中心区被覆着的电子发射材料由碱土金属钡、钙和锶的氧化物的混合物组成。通常,电子发射材料在这类灯中是这样涂敷的:先在中心区被覆上上述碱土金属的碳酸盐的悬浮液,然后在各电极装入放电容器之后但放电容器沿未封闭之前,往各电极中通电流,对各电极进行电阻加热。这使碳酸盐在此过程中转化为氧化物,同时放出二氧化碳。毗邻各供流导体的边缘区通常不涂电子发射材料,因为这些边缘区在电阻加热过程中仍然温度低以致使碳酸盐不能转化成氧化物。考虑到制造过程的容差,线圈的边缘区取1毫米至几毫米左右的宽度。碳酸盐转化得不完全会在灯成品中继续转化,而二氧化碳在放电容器中放出会严重妨碍放电灯以后的工作。
低压放电灯的电源电路可分为所谓热启动和冷启动电路。前一种电路在灯引燃之前预热灯的电极。冷启动电路则无需预热就将灯引燃。后一种电路无需加热电极的附加装置,因而较简单而又便宜。而靠这种电路工作的灯,其使用寿命主要取决于开关寿命,即开灯次数。
充填料由象氖之类原子量小且压力较低只有几个毫巴的惰性气体组成,这对获取高的光输出量有利。然而,这些条件对开关寿命有负面影响,即使运行时间短也会缩短开关寿命。
在上述专利的灯中,接线圈的供流导体用绝缘玻璃套管套上,玻璃套管还被覆盖线圈的边缘区。这项措施迫使电弧射到中心区,从而避免电弧作用到线圈边缘区的金属在灯冷启动的过程中破坏金属。因而大大提高了灯的开关寿命。但这种有这样的缺点,即套管较难安装,这尤其是放电灯大批生产中的缺点。
本发明的目的是提供上面所述的那一种既较容易制造、开关寿命又较长的低压放电灯。
本发明上述放电灯的特征在于,保护材料由电阻率小于1000微欧·厘米的陶瓷材料组成。意想不到的是,这些材料导电性能虽然比上述专利的灯中使用材料好但对开关寿命却没有负面的影响,反而提高了开关寿命。我们认为,这是由于放电电弧在冷引燃过程中射到边缘区上的被覆层直到电子发射材料热得足以发挥这种作用为止。和绝缘陶瓷不同,上述那种陶瓷材料对金属的粘结性好,因而有可能较容易地把这些材料敷到线圈上。所述陶瓷材料可以例如以粉料悬浮液的形式涂敷到线圈上,悬浮剂采用醋酸丁酯之类,粘结剂采用硝化纤维之类。也可以采用例如水溶液。悬浮剂和粘结剂可在以后电极加热过程中清除掉。
本发明低压放电灯一个有利的实施例的特征在于,陶瓷材料的电阻率小于100微欧·厘米。在此实施例中,保护材料被覆层最好由钛、锆、铪、铌、钽、钼和钨组成的元素群中选出的至少一种金属的至少一种选自硼化物、碳化物、硅化物和氮化物所组成的化合物群中的化合物组成。这些材料的电阻率在几个到几十个微欧·厘米左右。此外,这些材料的熔点在2000°以上,这比起一般低压放电灯中通常采用的温度要高。
上述化合物群中的金属硼化物特别适合这种用途。这种陶瓷材料的熔点极高,在3000°以上,而且离解能也高,约2000千焦耳/克分子。这些性能使这类化合物也非常适用于电极在极端环境下工作的灯中。
线圈的端部区可延伸到供流导体外,与供流导体连接。这些部位还可以被覆上保护材料。保护材料被覆层还可进一步重叠在例如几圈电子发射材料被覆层上。
由于供流导体通常比线圈厚,因而放电电弧射到供流导体上时不会严重影响灯的寿命。但这可能会使供流导体溅射,从而使放电容器变色,而且对电子发射材料的功能有负而影响。在一个有利的实施例中,本发明的特征在于,保护材料也被覆供流导体毗邻线圈的部分,从而避免放电容器变色,电子发射材料变质。
本发明放电灯的一个电极被覆有上述保护材料。这样的灯适宜在起码供电给直流引燃电路的电源下工作,其中被覆有保护层的电极为阴极。本发明低压放电灯一个有利的实施例的特征在于,两电极的线圈都有上述那种被覆层。这样的灯还适宜用交流电源引燃。
现在参看附图说明本发明放电灯的一些实施例,附图中:
图1示出了本发明低压放电灯的纵剖面,图2示出了图1放电灯的细节。
图1所示的低压放电灯配备有放电容器10以气密的方式封闭着,里面装有可电离的充填料,这里充填料由水银和隋性气体组成。为此在与放电容器连通的抽空管13中配置了5.5毫克水银与180毫克PbBiSn合金组成的汞齐合金14。隋性气体由体积比为75~25%的5毫巴氖氩混合气体组成。放电容器10的内表面形成有荧光层。各电极配置在放电容器10中,两电极之间延伸着放电通道。至少其中一个电极,这里是两个电极配备有高熔点金属制成的线圈20A、20B,与放电容器10两端12A、12B处的供流导体30A、30’A,30B、30’B电连接,且装在这些导体上。在此情况下,高熔点金属为钨,但也可以采用钼或另一种高熔点金属。供流导体30A、30’A,30B、30’B通过端部部分12A、12B延伸到放电容器10之外。图2更详细地示出了端部部分12A以其供流导体30A、30’A,和电极连同装在其上的线圈20A。另一端部部分12B的结构与图2中所示的相同。
线圈20A的中心区21A被覆有由氧化钡、氧化钙和氧化锶组成的混合物电子发射材料。线圈20A两端都有边缘区23A、23A’位于中心区21A和相应的供应导体30A、30A’之间。边缘区23A、23A’的保护性被覆层24A、24A’由电阻率小于1000微欧·厘米的陶瓷材料组成。合适的材料有选自钛、锆、铪、铌、钽组成的元素群的至少一种金属的硼化物、碳化物、硅化物或氮化物。陶瓷材料最好是选自该元素群的金属的硼化物。
在图1和图2的实施例中,线圈20A边缘区23A、23A’的被覆层24A、24A’由粒度大致小于5微米的硼化锆料料层组成。硼化锆的溶点约为3200℃,离解能为1952千焦耳/克分子,其电阻率为9.7微欧·厘米。保护性被覆层24A、24A’有1毫米左右与被覆了发射材料22A、24A’有1毫米左右与被覆有电子发射材料22A的中心区21A重叠。
本实施例放电灯的制造过程如下。往线圈20A的中心区21A涂上碱土金属碳酸盐混合料的悬浮液,悬浮剂采用碳酸钡、碳酸钙和碳酸锶在醋酸丁酯中的悬浮液,粘结剂采用硝化纤维。该悬浮液充分干燥之后,将硼化锆粒料的悬浮液(在此情况下也是在醋酸丁酯和硝化纤维中的悬浮液)涂敷到边缘区23A、23A’上。线圈20A放入电容器10中之后,将其电阻加热以便将所述诸碳酸盐转化成氧化物,与此同时,粘结剂和悬浮剂从电子发射材料和从保护材料中清除掉。
在对本发明参照图1和图2的所述五个灯和非本发明的五个灯进行的寿命试验中,令十个灯定期亮1分钟,灭3分钟以测定各灯的开关寿命。这些灯由冷启动电路供电。非本发明的五个灯中,线圈的末匝没有被覆层,但这些灯的其它方面与本发明的灯完全相同。非本发明灯的平均开关寿命为3000±1000开关操作。本发明灯的平均开关寿命则为7500±1000开关操作。显然,本发明的灯制造起来较为容易,其开关寿命又比无保护材料被覆层的灯较长。因此,尽管惰性气体主要由原子量小、气体压力较低的氖组成,本发明还是能使灯具有较长的开关寿命。
Claims (6)
1.一种低压放电灯,配备有以气密方式封闭的放电容器(10),放电容器(10)中装有隋性气体组成的可电离的充填料,且配置有两电极,两电极之间延伸着放电通道,同时至少其中一个电极的线圈(20A)由高熔点金属制成且与延伸出放电管外的供流导体(30A,30’A)电连接,线圈(20A)的中心区(21A)被覆有电子发射材料(22A),线圈(20A)两端是边缘区,介在中心区(21A)与相应的供流导体(30A,30’A)之间,边缘区(23A,23’A)的被覆层(24A,24’A)由保护材料制成,其特征在于,保护材料由电阻率小于1000微欧·厘米的陶瓷材料组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的低压放电灯,其特征在于,陶瓷材料的电阻率小于100微欧·厘米。
3.如权利要求2所述的低压放电灯,其特征在于,保护材料被覆层(24A,24’A)由钛、锆、铪、铌、钽、钼和钨所组成的元素群中选出的至少一种金属的至少一种选自硼化物、碳化物、硅化物和氮化物组成的化合物群的化合物组成。
4.如权利要求3所述的低压放电灯,其特征在于,保护材料被覆层(24A,24’A)由硼化物组成。
5.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的低压放电灯,其特征在于,两电极都有线圈(20A,20’A)配备以如所述权利要求所述的被覆层(24A,24’A;24B,24’B)。
6.如以上任一权利要求所述的低压放电灯,其特征在于,保护材料被覆层还延伸出供流导体(30A,30’A)毗邻线圈(20A,20B)的部分之外。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP95203304.1 | 1995-12-01 | ||
EP95203304A EP0777261B1 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | Low-pressure discharge lamp |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1161564A true CN1161564A (zh) | 1997-10-08 |
CN1087490C CN1087490C (zh) | 2002-07-10 |
Family
ID=8220891
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN96121798A Expired - Fee Related CN1087490C (zh) | 1995-12-01 | 1996-11-30 | 低压放电灯 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5841222A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0777261B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3929532B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1087490C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69526657T2 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1849694B (zh) * | 2003-07-29 | 2010-05-12 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 具有确定的故障概率的低压汞蒸气放电灯 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH103879A (ja) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-01-06 | Tdk Corp | セラミック陰極蛍光放電ランプ |
US6300711B1 (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2001-10-09 | Matsushita Electronics Corporation | Indirectly heated cathode with a thermal absorption layer on the sleeve and cathode ray tube |
DE69823643T2 (de) * | 1997-10-22 | 2005-04-21 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Niederdruckentladungslampe und kompakte leuchtstofflampe |
JP2002528879A (ja) * | 1998-10-23 | 2002-09-03 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 低圧水銀蒸気放電ランプ |
US6630787B2 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2003-10-07 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Low-pressure mercury-vapor discharge lamp having electrode shield carrying direct electric current |
KR20040097144A (ko) * | 2002-03-04 | 2004-11-17 | 이페2하 아게 | 광원 및 광원의 재생 방법 |
JP2004071276A (ja) * | 2002-08-05 | 2004-03-04 | Nec Lighting Ltd | 冷陰極ランプおよび冷陰極ランプを用いた電子機器 |
DE102004004655A1 (de) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-18 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Niederdruckentladungslampe |
US7692388B2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2010-04-06 | Honeywell International Inc. | Methods and apparatus for reducing radio frequency emissions in fluorescent light lamps |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2283216A (en) * | 1941-07-19 | 1942-05-19 | Hygrade Sylvania Corp | Cathode for discharge tubes |
US3069580A (en) * | 1953-10-28 | 1962-12-18 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Fluorescent lamp |
US3706895A (en) * | 1971-02-17 | 1972-12-19 | Gen Electric | Fluorescent lamp having coated inleads |
US3826946A (en) * | 1973-05-24 | 1974-07-30 | Gen Electric | Vapor discharge lamp electrode having carbon-coated areas |
DE2732060C2 (de) * | 1976-07-19 | 1986-06-12 | Thorn Emi Ltd., London | Elektrische Leuchtstofflampe |
US4891551A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1990-01-02 | North American Philips Corporation | Fluorescent lamp with grounded and fused electrode guard |
NL9002771A (nl) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-07-16 | Philips Nv | Lagedrukkwikdampontladingslamp. |
JPH06223776A (ja) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-08-12 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 蛍光ランプ用電極 |
-
1995
- 1995-12-01 EP EP95203304A patent/EP0777261B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-01 DE DE69526657T patent/DE69526657T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-11-27 US US08/757,531 patent/US5841222A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-29 JP JP31959196A patent/JP3929532B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-30 CN CN96121798A patent/CN1087490C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1849694B (zh) * | 2003-07-29 | 2010-05-12 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 具有确定的故障概率的低压汞蒸气放电灯 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1087490C (zh) | 2002-07-10 |
JPH09180675A (ja) | 1997-07-11 |
US5841222A (en) | 1998-11-24 |
JP3929532B2 (ja) | 2007-06-13 |
DE69526657T2 (de) | 2003-02-06 |
EP0777261B1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
EP0777261A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
DE69526657D1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
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