CN116144070A - 介电弹性体材料的制备方法及压力传感器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种介电弹性体材料的制备方法及压力传感器，所述介电弹性体材料的制备方法包括：将CaCu3Ti4O12粉末和RGO粉末加入至PDMS预聚物溶液中搅拌并混合均匀后，得到混合溶液；在混合溶液中加入NaCl盐颗粒并混合均匀，再加入PDMS交联固化剂，得到初步固化浆料：将初步固化浆料加入至热压机的模具内，通过热压处理将初步固化浆料压制成薄膜，并用水洗去除NaCl盐颗粒，而后将薄膜从模具内剥离，得到多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料。本发明所制备的介电弹性体材料具有高介电常数、多孔结构、高透气性和轻薄便携等特点，由该介电弹性体材料制备得到的压力传感器具有高灵敏度、高稳定性、高柔性和高透气性的优势，具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种介电弹性体材料的制备方法及压力传感器，属于电子材料和传感器技术领域。
背景技术
传感器是一类能够灵敏地感知环境温度、湿度、压力等变化的电子器件。传统传感器采用刚性结构，具有不可拉伸性和机械性能较弱等缺陷，限制了其柔性可穿戴领域应用。柔性传感器具有超强环境适应性，在电子皮肤、软体机器人、可穿戴设备等领域具有广泛的应用。柔性压力传感器是一种可以感知外界压力变化的传感器件，在医疗健康监控、可穿戴电子皮肤等领域极具应用潜力。柔性压力传感器可以根据工作原理不同，分为电容型、压阻型和压电型。电容型压力传感器具有灵敏度高、空间分辨率高等特点，在长期使用中能保持极佳的稳定性和低的功耗，因而得到了广泛的应用。
电容型压力传感器的工作原理是以介电弹性体元件感受压力，并把弹性元件的位移量转换成电容量的变化。电容式压力传感器灵敏度定义为电容输出量变化和压力输入量的比值。通过提高介电弹性体的介电常数是提高电容式压力传感器的灵敏度最有效的方法之一。但是，目前的柔性压力传感器存在介电弹性体材料介电常数不高、灵敏度不高、透气性差等问题，严重限制了柔性压力传感器的大规模推广应用。
有鉴于此，确有必要提出一种介电弹性体材料的制备方法及压力传感器，以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种介电弹性体材料的制备方法及压力传感器，具有高灵敏度、高透气性、高循环稳定性等优势。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种介电弹性体材料的制备方法，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将CaCu3Ti4O12粉末和RGO粉末加入至PDMS预聚物溶液中搅拌并混合均匀后，得到混合溶液；
步骤2、在混合溶液中加入NaCl盐颗粒并混合均匀，再加入PDMS交联固化剂，得到初步固化浆料；
步骤3、将初步固化浆料加入至热压机的模具内，通过热压处理将初步固化浆料压制成薄膜，并用水洗去除NaCl盐颗粒，而后将薄膜从模具内剥离，得到多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤1中，所述CaCu3Ti4O12粉末为1-4g，所述RGO粉末为0.1-0.3g，所述PDMS预聚物溶液为10ml。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤2中，所述NaCl盐颗粒的粒径为200-400μm。
作为本发明的进一步改进，步骤3中，所述薄膜在热压处理后的厚度为500-800μm。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料中，所述CaCu3Ti4O12的质量百分数为9-28％。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料中，所述RGO的质量百分数为1-3％。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供了一种压力传感器，包括顶层透气薄膜电极、所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料和底层透气薄膜电极，所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料应用如上所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法进行制备。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述顶层透气薄膜电极和所述底层透气薄膜电极为多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的厚度为5-10μm，方阻为5-10Ω/sq。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的制备方法包括：
S1、将1.5g的TPU和0.15mL的PEG溶解在100ml的THF溶液中，得到混合溶液；
S2、使用迈耶棒将S1得到的5ml混合溶液均匀地涂覆在玻璃基板；
S3、将玻璃基板放入高湿度的环境中，10min后将薄膜从玻璃表面剥离获得多孔TPU薄膜；
S4、将1mg/mL的AgNWs溶液喷涂于多孔TPU薄膜表面，烘干后得到多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明所制备的介电弹性体材料具有高介电常数、多孔结构、高透气性和轻薄便携等特点，由该介电弹性体材料制备得到的压力传感器具有高灵敏度、高稳定性、高柔性和高透气性的优势，具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明介电弹性体材料的光学照片。
图2是本发明介电弹性体材料的介电常数测试图。
图3是本发明介电弹性体材料的透气性能测试图。
图4是本发明压力传感器中顶层透气薄膜电极和底层透气薄膜电极为多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的SEM图。
图5是本发明压力传感器的灵敏度测试图。
图6是本发明压力传感器的透气性能测试图。
图7是本发明压力传感器的循环性能测试图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
在此，需要说明的是，为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明，在附图中仅仅示出了与本发明的方案密切相关的结构和/或处理步骤，而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。
另外，还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
如图1至图7所示，本发明揭示了一种介电弹性体材料的制备方法及压力传感器，所述介电弹性体材料的制备方法采用CaCu3Ti4O12材料和RGO材料填入PDMS薄膜，并利用盐模板浸出造孔法获得多孔泡沫结构制备，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将CaCu3Ti4O12粉末和RGO粉末加入至PDMS预聚物溶液中搅拌并混合均匀后，得到混合溶液；
步骤2、在混合溶液中加入NaCl盐颗粒并混合均匀，再加入PDMS交联固化剂，得到初步固化浆料；
步骤3、将初步固化浆料加入至热压机的模具内，通过热压处理将初步固化浆料压制成薄膜，并用水洗去除NaCl盐颗粒，而后将薄膜从模具内剥离，得到多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料。
以下将对步骤1至步骤3进行详细说明。
步骤1中，所述CaCu3Ti4O12粉末为1-4g，所述RGO粉末为0.1-0.3g，所述PDMS预聚物溶液为10ml。
步骤2中，所述NaCl盐颗粒的粒径为200-400μm，所述混合溶液中加入900g的NaCl盐颗粒。
步骤3中，所述薄膜在热压处理后的厚度为500-800μm。
所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料中，所述CaCu3Ti4O12的质量百分数为9-28％，所述RGO的质量百分数为1-3％。
所述压力传感器包括顶层透气薄膜电极、所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料和底层透气薄膜电极，所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料应用如上所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法进行制备。
特别地，所述顶层透气薄膜电极和所述底层透气薄膜电极为多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料。所述多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的厚度为5-10μm，方阻为5-10Ω/sq。
所述多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的制备方法包括：
S1、将1.5g的TPU和0.15mL的PEG溶解在100ml的THF溶液中，得到混合溶液；
S2、使用迈耶棒将S1得到的5ml混合溶液均匀地涂覆在玻璃基板；
S3、将玻璃基板放入高湿度的环境中，10min后将薄膜从玻璃表面剥离获得多孔TPU薄膜；
S4、将1mg/mL的AgNWs溶液喷涂于多孔TPU薄膜表面，烘干后得到多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料。
以下将结合实施例对本发明进行说明。
实施例1
(1)多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料的制备：将一定量(1-4g)的CaCu3Ti4O12粉末和一定量(0.1-0.3g)的RGO加入10ml的PDMS预聚物A中，搅拌均匀获得混合液；
在上述混合液中加入900g粒径为200-400μm的NaCl盐颗粒，混合均匀后再加入PDMS交联固化剂B获得初步固化浆料；
将上述初步固化浆料加入热压机上的模具内，热压处理将初步固化浆料压制成一定厚度的薄膜，水洗去除NaCl盐颗粒，将薄膜从磨具内剥离，即制得多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料。
如图1所示，制备的多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料的介电常数最高可达197，如图2所示，透气性可达14.15mg/h cm2，如图3所示。
(2)多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的制备：
将1.5g的TPU和0.15mL的PEG溶解在100ml的THF溶液中，得到混合溶液；
使用迈耶棒将S1得到的5ml混合溶液均匀地涂覆在玻璃基板；
将玻璃基板放入高湿度的环境中(相对湿度99％，温度25℃)，10min后将薄膜从玻璃表面剥离获得多孔TPU薄膜
将1mg/mL的AgNWs溶液喷涂于多孔TPU薄膜表面，烘干后得到多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料，如图4所示。
(3)压力传感器的组装：
在多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料的顶层和底层添加多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料分别为顶电极和底电极，获得“三明治”结构的电容型柔性透气的压力传感器。
制备的柔性透气压力传感器具有高灵敏度、高透气性和高稳定性。其最高灵敏度可达3.38KPa-1，如图5所示，透气性可达11.28mg/h cm2，如图6所示。压力传感器在经过10000圈的压缩释放以后，电容测试性能没有明显变化，如图7所示。
综上所述，本发明所制备的介电弹性体材料由CaCu3Ti4O12、RGO和PDMS三种材料复合制备，具有高介电常数、多孔结构、高透气性和轻薄便携等特点，由该介电弹性体材料制备得到的压力传感器具有高灵敏度、高稳定性、高柔性和高透气性的优势，具有良好的应用前景。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种介电弹性体材料的制备方法，其特征在于，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将CaCu3Ti4O12粉末和RGO粉末加入至PDMS预聚物溶液中搅拌并混合均匀后，得到混合溶液；
步骤2、在混合溶液中加入NaCl盐颗粒并混合均匀，再加入PDMS交联固化剂，得到初步固化浆料；
步骤3、将初步固化浆料加入至热压机的模具内，通过热压处理将初步固化浆料压制成薄膜，并用水洗去除NaCl盐颗粒，而后将薄膜从模具内剥离，得到多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1中，所述CaCu3Ti4O12粉末为1-4g，所述RGO粉末为0.1-0.3g，所述PDMS预聚物溶液为10ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中，所述NaCl盐颗粒的粒径为200-400μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中，所述薄膜在热压处理后的厚度为500-800μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料中，所述CaCu3Ti4O12的质量百分数为9-28％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料中，所述RGO的质量百分数为1-3％。
7.一种压力传感器，其特征在于，包括顶层透气薄膜电极、所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料和底层透气薄膜电极，所述多孔CaCu3Ti4O12/RGO/PDMS的介电弹性体材料应用如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的介电弹性体材料的制备方法进行制备。
8.根据权利要求1所述的压力传感器，其特征在于：所述顶层透气薄膜电极和所述底层透气薄膜电极为多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的压力传感器，其特征在于：所述多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的厚度为5-10μm，方阻为5-10Ω/sq。
10.根据权利要求8所述的压力传感器，其特征在于，所述多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料的制备方法包括：
S1、将1.5g的TPU和0.15mL的PEG溶解在100ml的THF溶液中，得到混合溶液；
S2、使用迈耶棒将S1得到的5ml混合溶液均匀地涂覆在玻璃基板；
S3、将玻璃基板放入高湿度的环境中，10min后将薄膜从玻璃表面剥离获得多孔TPU薄膜；
S4、将1mg/mL的AgNWs溶液喷涂于多孔TPU薄膜表面，烘干后得到多孔Ag NW/TPU柔性透气导电薄膜材料。
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