CN116141769A - 一种石墨烯发热航空布料 - Google Patents

一种石墨烯发热航空布料 Download PDF

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CN116141769A
CN116141769A CN202310339870.0A CN202310339870A CN116141769A CN 116141769 A CN116141769 A CN 116141769A CN 202310339870 A CN202310339870 A CN 202310339870A CN 116141769 A CN116141769 A CN 116141769A
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nano
layer
fiber
parts
graphene
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王冬
赵阳
赵玉真
贺泽民
苗宗成
张永明
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Xijing University
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Xijing University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种石墨烯发热航空布料，该布料原料组成以重量份数计包括：纳米层包覆的Nomex纤维，纳米层包覆的Teflon纤维，纳米层包覆的聚酰亚胺纤维和高导热、高强度、高柔韧性的石墨烯导热膜；本发明的石墨烯发热布料，以Nomex纤维、Teflon纤维和聚酰亚胺纤维为基质，Nomex纤维具有许多优良的特性，凭借其纤维柔软，耐热性好，强度好的特征，Teflon纤维强度和延伸率高，化学稳定性好，耐腐蚀性优于其他合成纤维；聚酰亚胺纤维具有良好的可纺性，耐高低温特性阻燃性，保温性好；在每一种纤维外部包覆纳米层，使得纤维的强度增加，在保证柔韧度的同时增强了强度，使得布料耐磨性提高，延长其使用寿命；采用寡层石墨烯，热导性良好，温度易控制。

Description

一种石墨烯发热航空布料
技术领域
本发明属于功能材料技术领域，涉及发热布料，具体涉及一种石墨烯发热航空布料。
背景技术
目前航空服装面料多为传统面料，只能满足使用者的最基本的需求。由于航空服装要在保证穿着舒适的前提下，同时符合航空服装的多方位需求。由于月球表面温度过低，目前所用的保暖措施大多是通过棉、绒、化纤布料等保暖效果好的材料支撑衣服。然而当气温过低时，普通衣服保暖性有限，穿着后感觉仍然寒冷，保暖性较差。现在石墨烯发热的衣服需要通过锂电池发热层供电，石墨烯发热层将电能转化为热能，从而产生热量，使人穿着温暖。
石墨烯发热面料是一种可以自行发热而温暖身体的面料，发热面料具有发热性、保温性与柔软性，可以通过自身进行发热,隔温效果良好，随着科技的不断发展，人们对于石墨烯发热面料的制造工艺要求也越来越高。
石墨烯纱线,织成石墨烯复合弹力无纺絮片布、石墨烯运动休闲面料、石墨烯保暖拉毛面料等,产品具有低温远红外线取暖、抗菌抑菌、防静电、导热性能高等多种特性,保暖性比全棉、羊毛、驼绒等面料更强。市场上的发热服需要充电罩、蓄电池等电控部件，这对于衣服这种穿载的东西来说不太实用。
现有的石墨烯发热面料在使用时存在一定的弊端，首先，目前所谓的自发热纤维在发热方面的功能是有限的，因为从物质守恒定律出发，出现的热能只能从人体的皮肤呼吸中获得，目前作为保暖内衣的发热度，大约在3-5度左右，发热时间较短，性能较低，面料柔软性不足，使用感受较差，柔韧性和强度较差，为此，我们提出一种石墨烯纤维发热航空布料。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种石墨烯发热航空布料，实现将电能转化为热能并有效保温，且具有良好的耐磨性、阻燃性、柔韧性和耐腐蚀性能，适用温差范围大。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种石墨烯发热航空布料，该布料原料组成以重量份数计包括：100-200份纳米层包覆的Nomex纤维，100-200份纳米层包覆的Teflon纤维，100-200份纳米层包覆的聚酰亚胺纤维和20-40份高导热、高强度、高柔韧性的石墨烯导热膜；
所述的包覆Nomex纤维的纳米层包括纳米SiO2层、纳米Ag层或纳米铝层中的任意一种；
所述的包覆Teflon纤维的纳米层包括纳米TiO2层、纳米Au层或纳米Cu层中的任意一种；
所述的包覆聚酰亚胺纤维的纳米层包括纳米ZnO层、纳米Pt层或纳米Bi层中的任意一种。
本发明还具有以下技术特征：
优选的，所述的纳米层的厚度为2-10nm。
优选的，所述的纳米层包覆的Nomex纤维、纳米层包覆的Teflon纤维和纳米层包覆的聚酰亚胺纤维的丝束为1-25k。
优选的，所述的高导热、高强度、高柔韧性的石墨烯导热膜的原料组成以重量份数计包括：80-100份寡层石墨烯、10-20份高强度聚丙烯腈碳纤维、1-5份羟基磷灰石纳米材料和1-5份二氧化硅纳米材料。
优选的，所述的寡层石墨烯为厚度1-5层单层石墨烯片层，粒径为50-100nm。
优选的，所述的聚丙烯腈碳纤维丝束为1-25k，模量为310～395GPa，拉伸强度为3-4GPa，热导性为80-120w/mK。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下技术效果：
本发明的石墨烯发热布料，以Nomex纤维、Teflon纤维和聚酰亚胺纤维为基质，Nomex纤维具有许多优良的特性，凭借其纤维柔软，耐热性好，强度好的特征，Teflon纤维强度和延伸率高，化学稳定性好，耐腐蚀性优于其他合成纤维；聚酰亚胺纤维具有良好的可纺性，耐高低温特性阻燃性，保温性好；
本发明的石墨烯发热布料，在每一种纤维外部包覆纳米层，使得纤维的强度增加，在保证柔韧度的同时增强了强度，使得布料耐磨性提高，延长其使用寿命；
本发明采用寡层石墨烯，热导性良好，输入稳固电压后，电压转化为热能，石墨烯温度迅速升高至稳定状态，从而通过电压实现了温度的控制。
附图说明
图1为石墨烯发热航空布料的结构示意图；
图2为实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热航空布料在200W/cm2的紫外光照射100h以上之后的抗氧化老化测试图；
图3为实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热航空布料在30℃环境下的总体导热图；
图4为实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热航空布料在60℃环境下的总体导热图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体内容做进一步详细解释说明。
实施例1
以重量份数计，取100份2nm厚度纳米SiO2修饰的1k丝束Nomex纤维，100份2nm厚度纳米TiO2修饰的1k丝束Teflon纤维，100份2nm厚度纳米ZnO修饰的1k丝束聚酰亚胺纤维，将三种纤维交织而成布料；
取石墨烯导热膜20份，组成为：80份1层单层石墨烯片，粒径为50nm；10份1k丝束，模量为310Pa，拉伸强度为3GPa，热导性为80w/mK的聚丙烯腈碳纤维；1份粒径20nm羟基磷灰石纳米材料；1份粒径20nm二氧化硅纳米材料，将石墨烯导热膜通过粘合剂与布料复合。
实施例2
以重量份数计，取200份10nm厚度纳米Ag修饰的25k丝束Nomex纤维，200份10nm厚度纳米Au修饰的25k丝束Teflon纤维，200份10nm厚度纳米Bi修饰的25k丝束聚酰亚胺纤维，将三种纤维交织而成布料；
取石墨烯导热膜40份，组成为：100份5层单层石墨烯片，粒径为100nm；20份25k丝束，模量为395Pa，拉伸强度为4GPa，热导性为120w/mK的聚丙烯腈碳纤维；5份粒径100nm羟基磷灰石纳米材料；5份粒径100nm二氧化硅纳米材料，将石墨烯导热膜通过粘合剂与布料复合。
实施例3
以重量份数计，取180份4nm厚度纳米SiO2修饰的7k丝束Nomex纤维，180份4nm厚度纳米TiO2修饰的7k丝束Teflon纤维，180份4nm厚度纳米Pt修饰的7k丝束聚酰亚胺纤维，将三种纤维交织而成布料；
取石墨烯导热膜40份，组成为：100份3层单层石墨烯片，粒径为50nm；20份22k丝束，模量为380Pa，拉伸强度为3.5GPa，热导性为120w/mK的聚丙烯腈碳纤维；4份粒径70nm羟基磷灰石纳米材料；3份粒径70nm二氧化硅纳米材料，将石墨烯导热膜通过粘合剂与布料复合。
实施例4
以重量份数计，取160份8nm厚度纳米Ag修饰的20k丝束Nomex纤维，160份8nm厚度纳米Cu修饰的20k丝束Teflon纤维，160份8nm厚度纳米Pt修饰的20k丝束聚酰亚胺纤维，将三种纤维交织而成布料；
取石墨烯导热膜35份，组成为：100份4层单层石墨烯片，粒径为80nm；16份20k丝束，模量为350Pa，拉伸强度为3.6GPa，热导性为110w/mK的聚丙烯腈碳纤维；4份粒径80nm羟基磷灰石纳米材料；4份粒径80nm二氧化硅纳米材料，将石墨烯导热膜通过粘合剂与布料复合。
实施例5
以重量份数计，取140份6nm厚度纳米SiO2修饰的15k丝束Nomex纤维，140份6nm厚度纳米Au修饰的15k丝束Teflon纤维，140份6nm厚度纳米Bi修饰的10k丝束聚酰亚胺纤维，将三种纤维交织而成布料；
取石墨烯导热膜30份，组成为：90份3层单层石墨烯片，粒径为70nm；14份10k丝束，模量为330Pa，拉伸强度为3.4GPa，热导性为100w/mK的聚丙烯腈碳纤维；3份粒径60nm羟基磷灰石纳米材料；3份粒径60nm二氧化硅纳米材料，将石墨烯导热膜通过粘合剂与布料复合。
实施例6
以重量份数计，取120份5nm厚度纳米Al修饰的5k丝束Nomex纤维，120份5nm厚度纳米TiO2修饰的5k丝束Teflon纤维，120份5nm厚度纳米Cu修饰的5k丝束聚酰亚胺纤维，将三种纤维交织而成布料；
取石墨烯导热膜25份，组成为：85份2层单层石墨烯片，粒径为60nm；12份5k丝束，模量为320Pa，拉伸强度为3.2GPa，热导性为90w/mK的聚丙烯腈碳纤维；2份粒径40nm羟基磷灰石纳米材料；2份粒径40nm二氧化硅纳米材料，将石墨烯导热膜通过粘合剂与布料复合。
表1实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热布料的性能测试表
Figure BDA0004157836430000051
表1为实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热航空布料的性能测试表，从表1中可以看出该布料可以在-200℃低温至150℃高温情况下使用，而且每年腐蚀不超过0.5mm，该布料是十分耐用的，其横纵向导热效果极佳，导致该布料导热效率极高。
图1为石墨烯发热航空布料的结构示意图，其中1为纤维，2为石墨烯导热膜。
图2为实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热航空布料在200W/cm2的紫外光照射100h以上之后的抗氧化老化测试图，在200W/cm2的紫外光照射100h以上之后，可以发现该布料的导热效率变化不超过3％，拉伸强度不超过5％，该布料有着优异的抗氧化老化能力。
图3为实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热航空布料在30℃环境下的总体导热图；从图3中可以看出实施例4的导热效率最好，其他产品也是达到了所需的导热要求，且实施例1-6的温度与周边环境温度相差不超过2℃，导热效率极佳。
图4为实施例1至实施例6制备的石墨烯发热航空布料在60℃环境下的总体导热图；从图4中可以看出实施例4的导热效率最好，其他产品也是达到了所需的导热要求，实施例1-6的温度与周边环境温度相差不超过2℃，导热效率极佳。
需要说明的是，尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下所做出的多种变化、修改、替换和变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种石墨烯发热航空布料，其特征在于，该布料原料组成以重量份数计包括：100-200份纳米层包覆的Nomex纤维，100-200份纳米层包覆的Teflon纤维，100-200份纳米层包覆的聚酰亚胺纤维和20-40份高导热、高强度、高柔韧性的石墨烯导热膜；
所述的包覆Nomex纤维的纳米层包括纳米SiO2层、纳米Ag层或纳米铝层中的任意一种；
所述的包覆Teflon纤维的纳米层包括纳米TiO2层、纳米Au层或纳米Cu层中的任意一种；
所述的包覆聚酰亚胺纤维的纳米层包括纳米ZnO层、纳米Pt层或纳米Bi层中的任意一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯发热航空布料，其特征在于，所述的纳米层的厚度为2-10nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯发热航空布料，其特征在于，所述的纳米层包覆的Nomex纤维、纳米层包覆的Teflon纤维和纳米层包覆的聚酰亚胺纤维的丝束为1-25k。
4.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯发热航空布料，其特征在于，所述的高导热、高强度、高柔韧性的石墨烯导热膜的原料组成以重量份数计包括：80-100份寡层石墨烯、10-20份高强度聚丙烯腈碳纤维、1-5份羟基磷灰石纳米材料和1-5份二氧化硅纳米材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯发热航空布料，其特征在于，所述的寡层石墨烯为厚度1-5层单层石墨烯片层，粒径为50-100nm。
6.如权利要求1所述的石墨烯发热航空布料，其特征在于，所述的聚丙烯腈碳纤维丝束为125k，模量为310-395GPa，拉伸强度为3-4GPa，热导性为80-120w/mK。
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