CN116131964B - Microwave photon-assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method - Google Patents

Microwave photon-assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method Download PDF

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CN116131964B
CN116131964B CN202211706167.0A CN202211706167A CN116131964B CN 116131964 B CN116131964 B CN 116131964B CN 202211706167 A CN202211706167 A CN 202211706167A CN 116131964 B CN116131964 B CN 116131964B
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frequency
mach
doa
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zehnder modulator
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CN116131964A (en
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李阳
张铁良
邹喜华
潘炜
闫连山
李涛
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Southwest Jiaotong University
CETC 10 Research Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70Photonic quantum communication
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/516Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/5167Duo-binary; Alternative mark inversion; Phase shaped binary transmission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/516Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/54Intensity modulation
    • H04B10/541Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50Transmitters
    • H04B10/516Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548Phase or frequency modulation
    • H04B10/556Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
    • H04B10/5561Digital phase modulation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a microwave photon-assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method, which specifically comprises the following steps: setting a uniform linear array containing N array elements, and modulating a pseudo-random binary sequence on continuous wave light by a first Mach-Zehnder modulator on an optical carrier wave emitted by a continuous wave laser source on each channel branch; the output of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator modulates an upper radio frequency signal through the second Mach-Zehnder modulator, and after photoelectric conversion is carried out through the balance photoelectric detector, a baseband part is reserved through a low-pass filter, and then sampling is carried out through a low-rate analog-to-digital converter; and finally, the sampled N paths of sample sequences enter a digital signal processor to be recovered, and the synchronous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm for solving the problem of multiple observation vectors is utilized to carry out the joint estimation of the microwave signal frequency and DOA. The invention can carry out joint estimation on the frequency and DOA multi-parameter of the broadband microwave signal, has simple structure and is easy to realize.

Description

Microwave photon-assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of array signal processing parameter estimation, and particularly relates to a microwave photon-assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method.
Background
Microwave signals are widely applied to modern electronic technology, the frequency is the most basic parameter [1] for describing the signals, and the estimation method of many other parameters is based on the known frequency. The direction of arrival (Direction of Arrival, DOA) estimate [2] of the signal is a specific direction of arrival that determines a plurality of signals of interest within a certain spatial region, and particularly when the desired signal and the interfering signal overlap spectrally, accurate direction finding localization of the signal source is possible. Implementing joint estimation of frequency and DOA is therefore not only a research hotspot in array signal processing but is also an important solution to meet the current ever-complicating electromagnetic spectrum environment awareness applications. The traditional joint estimation method is generally based on a subspace decomposition spectrum estimation algorithm, such as a MUSIC algorithm [3] and an ESPRIT algorithm [4], aiming at a narrow-band signal, the algorithm is large in calculation amount, and the sampling of the signal is required to meet the Nyquist sampling theorem, namely the sampling frequency is required to be not less than twice the highest frequency of the signal. As the frequency range of the signal is larger and larger, for example, the bandwidth of the main working signal of the electronic warfare is distributed between 2 GHz and 18GHz, which puts great pressure on the current analog-digital conversion system. While some high sampling rate analog-to-digital converters have been developed, the high cost, power consumption, remain problematic. With the advent of compressed sensing technology [5], some undersampling methods are gradually applied to frequency and DOA estimation, literature [6] combines the inter-mass frequency and a single sparse inter-mass array with compressed sampling technology to obtain DOA estimation; document [7] proposes a CaSCADE sampling structure, sub-nyquist sampling is performed by taking array elements in a uniform linear array as each channel of a modulation wideband converter (Modulated Wideband Converter, MWC), the structure is expanded to an L-shaped array to perform frequency and DOA estimation, and a combined recovery algorithm based on an ESPRIT method is provided, so that the accuracy is high, but the structure is complex, and the L-shaped array is required to estimate the frequency and the one-dimensional arrival angle; document [8] proposes dividing the array structure into two parts, wherein a reference array element is used as a standard structure of the MWC for frequency estimation and signal recovery, and other array elements assist in DOA estimation by using a MUSIC algorithm, but pairing processing of frequency and DOA estimation is still required; document [9] proposes an improved uniform linear array structure-based selection of adding a symmetrical branch structure to each antenna to improve the DOA estimation performance. Both of the above undersampling methods require that the pseudo-random binary sequence (Pseudo Random Binary Sequence, PRBS) rate is not less than the nyquist rate, thus placing high demands on the mixer. In recent years, due to the advantages of large instantaneous bandwidth, low loss, light weight, low time jitter, strong electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, researchers propose to modulate an electric signal on an optical wave by using a Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) modulator to realize photonic broadband signal spectrum sensing. The authors in document [10] propose an optical implementation of the MWC, the computer simulation results having a better ability to benefit high frequency signals than electronic solutions; document [11] proposes the acquisition of radar pulses with photon assistance, reconstructing rectangular pulses, chirped pulses and pulse streams; the authors in document [12] add photon time stretching techniques to the random demodulation structure, effectively reducing the PRBS rate and mixer speed; document [13] uses a single two-electrode MZM to solve the non-zero mean value of the observation matrix, simplifies the construction of the compressed sensing model and improves the recovery performance. Most of the above using microwave photon techniques only concern the perception of the signal spectrum and do not involve the estimation of the signal DOA.
Reference is made to:
[1]Schmidt R.Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,1986,34(3):276-280.
[2] wang Yongliang theory and algorithm of spatial spectrum estimation [ M ]. University of Qinghai Press Co., ltd., 2004.
[3]Schmidt R.Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation[J].IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation,1986,34(3):276-280.
[4]Roy R,Kailath T.ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques[J].IEEE Transactions on acoustics,speech,and signal processing,1989,37(7):984-995.
[5]Donoho D L.Compressed sensing[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2006,52(4):1289-1306.
[6]Qin S,Zhang Y D,Amin M G,et al.DOA estimation exploiting a uniform linear array with multiple co-prime frequencies[J].Signal Processing,2017,130:37-46.
[7]Ioushua S S,Yair O,Cohen D,et al.CaSCADE:Compressed carrier and DOA estimation[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2017,65(10):2645-2658.
[8]Cui C,Wu W,Wang W Q.Carrier frequency and DOA estimation of sub-Nyquist sampling multi-band sensor signals[J].IEEE sensors journal,2017,17(22):7470-7478.
[9]Chen T,Liu L,Guo L.Joint carrier frequency and DOA estimation using a modified ULA based MWC discrete compressed sampling receiver[J].IET Radar,Sonar&Navigation,2018,12(8):873-881.
[10]Nan H,Gu Y,Zhang H.Optical analog-to-digital conversion system based on compressive sampling[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2010,23(2):67-69.
[11]Guo Q,Liang Y,Chen M,et al.Compressive spectrum sensing of radar pulses based on photonic techniques[J].Optics express,2015,23(4):4517-4522.
[12]Chi H,Chen Y,Mei Y,et al.Microwave spectrum sensing based on photonic time stretch and compressive sampling[J].Optics Letters,2013,38(2):136-138.
[13]Yang B,Yang S,Cao Z,et al.Photonic compressive sensing of sparse radio frequency signals with a single dual-electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator[J].Optics Letters,2020,45(20):5708-5711.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a microwave photon-assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method.
The invention relates to a microwave photon-assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method, which utilizes a uniform linear array structure to sub-sample signals and processes snapshot data through a recovery algorithm, thereby realizing the joint estimation of frequency and DOA, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and setting a uniform linear array comprising N array elements, wherein each channel formed by each array element comprises two Mach-Zehnder modulators, a balance photoelectric detector, a low-pass filter and an analog-to-digital converter, and performing parallel undersampling to obtain N paths of sample sequences.
On each channel branch, an optical carrier wave emitted by a continuous wave laser source firstly passes through a first Mach-Zehnder modulator to modulate a pseudo-random binary sequence on continuous wave light; the output of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is modulated by a second Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is subjected to photoelectric conversion by a balanced photoelectric detector, and the output electric signal is in direct proportion to the product of the radio frequency signal and the random signal; the baseband part is reserved through a low-pass filter, and then sampling is carried out by a low-rate analog-to-digital converter; and finally, the sampled N paths of sample sequences enter a digital signal processor to be recovered, and the synchronous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm for solving the problem of multiple observation vectors is utilized to carry out the joint estimation of the microwave signal frequency and DOA.
Further, the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is in push-pull type, is biased at a quadrature modulation point, has a pseudo-random binary sequence with a fixed period alternating between + -1, and outputs a signal corresponding to the pseudo-random binary sequence with amplitude converted.
Further, the second mach-zehnder modulator is dual-output and is under certain bias conditions to remove unnecessary components.
Further, balanced photodetectors are equivalent to two 3dB optocouplers superimposed with one phase modulator.
Further, the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter is more than 2 times the bandwidth of the low-pass filter.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention utilizes a uniform linear array structure to form a modulation broadband converter sampling structure, utilizes microwave photon technology to support, mixes frequencies by a Mach-Zehnder modulator, estimates frequency and DOA by a synchronous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm through signals after photoelectric conversion, and the frequency and DOA estimation does not involve pairing problems. The invention has simple structure and easy realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the microwave photon assisted space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of incident single signal spectra.
Fig. 3 is a graph of incident single signal spectral recovery.
Fig. 4 is a graph of incident single signal DOA estimation.
Fig. 5 is a graph of incident multi-signal spectra.
Fig. 6 is a graph of incident multi-signal spectral recovery.
Fig. 7 is a graph of incident multi-signal DOA estimation.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
The structure realized by the microwave photon assisted space frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method is shown in figure 1, a uniform linear array comprising N antenna array elements is arranged, each channel of each array element comprises two Mach-Zehnder modulators, and a balanced photoelectric detector, a low-pass filter and a low-rate analog-to-digital converter are used for parallel sampling to obtain N paths of sample sequences.
And expanding an array manifold matrix in a linear equation obtained by the N paths of sample sequences to form a dictionary matrix according to a certain sequence, wherein the assumed frequency and the arrival angle are positioned on the divided frequency and angle grids.
And converting the infinite observation vector problem into a multi-observation vector problem with the same support set by using a continuous finite module, and solving the multi-observation vector problem by using a synchronous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to obtain the estimation results of frequency and angle.
Consider that x (t) is a continuous-time real signal that contains M unknown frequencies, which in the time domain can be written as:
Where f i is the i-th unknown frequency, V i is the amplitude, phi i is the initial phase and is assumed to be 0. Since the frequency is unknown, the nyquist sampling frequency f Nyq should be used for sampling, and the signal received by the kth element of the uniform linear array can be expressed as:
where τ ki) represents the advance or delay of the k-th element received signal relative to the reference element, its fourier transform is:
The optical carrier of the continuous wave light is assumed to be written as:
where P c is the average optical power, ω c is the angular frequency, the pseudo-random binary sequence is modulated on the optical carrier by a first mach-zehnder modulator biased at the quadrature bias point, the output can be expressed as:
where p (T) is a pseudo-random binary sequence with period T p, alternating between ±1, V π is the half-wave voltage of the mach-zehnder modulator, the output is modulated by the second mach-zehnder modulator to an up signal x k (T), the second mach-zehnder modulator is a dual output, biased at the quadrature bias point, suppressing the direct current to obtain a better mixing product, the output can be expressed as:
where φ (t) is the relative phase shift between the two arms:
φ(t)=π[Vbias+xk(t)]/Vπ (7)
wherein V bias represents a dc bias voltage.
The output optical signal is subjected to photoelectric conversion by a balance photoelectric detector:
Where R is the responsivity of the balanced photodetector, C is a constant for parameters such as modulation depth, link loss, etc., and under the condition of small signal approximation, the output photocurrent is proportional to p '(t) ×x k (t), and p' (t) is regarded as the same, but the pseudo-random binary sequence with changed amplitude is expressed as:
p'(t)=cos2[πp(t)/Vπ+π/4] (9)
After passing through a low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of 1/(2T s), T s is equal to T p, only the baseband component is preserved, and then the compressed samples are sampled by an analog-to-digital converter with a sampling frequency of 1/T s, resulting in N sample sequences y 1[n],y2[n],...,yN N, the Discrete time fourier transform (Discrete-time Fourier Transform, DTFT) of the sample sequences y k N on any one channel can be expressed as:
Where f p is the inverse of the pseudo-random sequence period T p, c l is the fourier series coefficient of p' (T), representing the signal vector S as:
By definition Y [ n ] = [ Y 1[n],y2[n],...,yN[n]]T. A linear system consisting of a sequence of samples of all channels is spectrally represented in the form of a matrix:
Y(f)=A(f,θ)S(f) (12)
Wherein the array manifold matrix A is represented as
Assuming that the frequencies are all located in a frequency gridWhere l=f Nyq/2Δ, Δ is the spacing of the frequency grid. Also, the angles are divided into S shares { α 12,...,αS } and the true DOA is assumed to lie on the angle grid. Thus, by expanding array manifold matrix A into dictionary matrix G, its first, n, s terms can be written as
gl,n,s=exp[j2πd(n-1)lΔsin(αs)/c] (14)
Where c is the speed of light, so the array manifold becomes:
G is an extended array manifold matrix and its corresponding frequency and angular position are known, i.e., the frequencies are made up of [ -LΔ, LΔ ], the DOA corresponding to each frequency grid is in the order { α 12,…,αS }, equation (12) becomes
Y(f)=G(f,θ)X(f) (16)
Wherein X (f) is a sparse vector, because the frequencies are continuous, the above-mentioned underdetermined equation belongs to the infinite observation vector problem, which is constructed as a multiple observation vector problem with continuous finite modules and with the same support set between them, a frame V is constructed by the sampling sequence y [ n ], expressed as
By choosing V through feature decomposition, a multiple observation vector problem v=gu can be constructed that can be solved by any multiple observation vector compressed sensing algorithm, such as a synchronous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, once its support set is found, the frequency and DOA are estimated.
The invention adopts MATLAB tool simulation, and numerical simulation verifies the correctness and feasibility of the invention. In the simulation, the nyquist frequency f Nyq =10 GHz is set, the number of array elements with n=30 is set, the array element distance r=0.03 m, namely, the half wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency of 5GHz, the signal duration is 1.9499us, the amplitude is 0.6V, the signal-to-noise ratio is 10db, and f p = 51.28MHz of the prbs. The average power of the laser is 1mW, and the half-wave voltage of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is 5V, so that the condition of small signal approximation is satisfied. The divided frequency grid is 100MHz and the angle grid is 10 °. The simulation verifies the incidence condition of a single signal, the frequency of the original incidence signal is 2.1GHz in FIG. 2, and the recovery condition of the frequency spectrum and the estimation condition of DOA are respectively shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. Further testing of the multiple signal estimation, fig. 5 shows the frequencies of the incident signals at 0.5ghz,2.7ghz,4.8ghz, respectively, corresponding angles of arrival at 30 °,30 °,70 °. Fig. 6 and 7 show the spectrum and the DOA estimation, respectively.

Claims (6)

1. A microwave photon assisted space frequency compression sensing frequency and DOA estimation method is characterized in that a uniform linear array structure is utilized to sub-sample signals, snapshot data are processed through a recovery algorithm, so that frequency and DOA joint estimation is realized, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Setting a uniform linear array comprising N array elements, wherein each channel formed by each array element comprises two Mach-Zehnder modulators, a balance photoelectric detector, a low-pass filter and an analog-to-digital converter, and performing parallel undersampling to obtain N paths of sample sequences;
On each channel branch, an optical carrier wave emitted by a continuous wave laser source firstly passes through a first Mach-Zehnder modulator to modulate a pseudo-random binary sequence on continuous wave light; the output of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator is modulated by a second Mach-Zehnder modulator, the output of the second Mach-Zehnder modulator is subjected to photoelectric conversion by a balanced photoelectric detector, and the output electric signal is in direct proportion to the product of the radio frequency signal and the random signal; the baseband part is reserved through a low-pass filter, and then sampling is carried out by a low-rate analog-to-digital converter; and finally, the sampled N paths of sample sequences enter a digital signal processor to be recovered, and the synchronous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm for solving the problem of multiple observation vectors is utilized to carry out the joint estimation of the microwave signal frequency and DOA.
2. A method of microwave photon assisted space frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation as defined in claim 1 wherein the first mach-zehnder modulator is push-pull biased at quadrature modulation point with a fixed period of pseudo-random binary sequence alternating between ± 1, the output signal corresponding to the amplitude transformed pseudo-random binary sequence.
3. A method of microwave photon assisted spatial frequency compression sensing and DOA estimation as defined in claim 1 wherein the second mach-zehnder modulator is dual-output.
4. The method for estimating space-frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA as defined in claim 1, wherein the balanced photodetector is equivalent to two 3dB optical couplers superimposed with one phase modulator.
5. The method for microwave photon assisted spatial frequency compressed sensing and DOA estimation according to claim 1, wherein the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter is more than 2 times the bandwidth of the low pass filter.
6. The microwave photon assisted space frequency compressed sensing frequency and DOA estimation method according to claim 1, wherein each antenna unit adopts the same path of binary pseudo-random sequence to realize sensing of different phases of space domain radio frequency signals.
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