CN111537947A - Single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction-finding system and method - Google Patents
Single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction-finding system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction finding system and a method, which aim at the radio direction finding problem in wireless communication, radar, navigation and radio frequency spectrum management, utilize a plurality of antenna units and a single radio frequency channel to realize super-resolution space spectrum estimation direction finding, periodically modulate radio signals received on each antenna unit, combine the radio signals into a path of radio frequency signals by a power combiner, perform frequency spectrum analysis in a digital domain after down conversion and analog-to-digital conversion, construct an autocorrelation matrix of the signals by fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components generated by periodic modulation, and then estimate the incoming wave direction by utilizing a multi-signal classification or rotation invariant subspace algorithm and the like. The invention can obviously reduce the complexity and the cost of the existing space spectrum estimation direction-finding system, and is particularly suitable for a radio direction-finding system with low cost and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio engineering, in particular to a system and a method for estimating direction by using a single radio frequency channel to perform spatial spectrum estimation.
Background
The traditional spatial spectrum estimation direction-finding system has a plurality of radio frequency channels, and signals received by each radio frequency channel need to be subjected to low-noise amplification, down-conversion, low-pass filtering, driving amplification and analog-to-digital conversion. In the digital domain, the autocorrelation matrix of the signal is calculated by using the signal received on each unit channel, and then the incidence direction of the signal is estimated by performing characteristic decomposition on the autocorrelation matrix. For better direction finding accuracy, the array size is usually large. Accordingly, the traditional spatial spectrum estimation direction-finding system has high complexity and cost. In addition, because the amplitudes and phases of the radio frequency channels are not consistent, in order to ensure the direction-finding performance, a complex calibration algorithm is usually required to be designed to calibrate the radio frequency channels.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction-finding system and method.
The invention provides a single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction-finding system, which comprises:
a multi-path antenna unit: receiving a far-field radio signal;
modulation switching: periodically modulating a received radio signal;
a power combiner: combining the radio signals received by the antenna units which are periodically modulated into one path;
receiving a radio frequency channel, comprising: the low-noise amplifier, the frequency mixer, the radio frequency local oscillator, the low-pass filter, the drive amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter;
the receiving radio frequency channel: the received radio signal is subjected to low-noise amplification and converted into an intermediate frequency, a high-frequency signal generated by frequency mixing is filtered by a low-pass filter, amplified by a driving amplifier and sampled to a digital domain by an analog-to-digital converter;
the signal processing and control unit: carrying out periodic modulation on the modulation switch; the method comprises the steps of carrying out spectrum analysis on received digital radio signals, solving array flow pattern vectors, calculating autocorrelation matrixes and carrying out signal characteristic decomposition, and further realizing direction finding on the radio signals.
Preferably, the signal processing and control unit is composed of an FPGA, a DSP or an MCU.
Preferably, the receiving radio frequency channel performs low noise amplification on the received radio signal through a low noise amplifier, a mixer and a radio frequency local oscillator and converts the radio signal to an intermediate frequency.
The invention provides a single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction finding method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: periodically modulating the single-pole single-throw radio frequency switch on each antenna unit channel, and calculating a harmonic characteristic matrix consisting of harmonic coefficients on each unit channel according to a modulation time sequence;
step S2: multiplying the inverse matrix of the harmonic characteristic matrix by the harmonic characteristic vector to obtain an array flow pattern vector;
step S3: calculating an autocorrelation matrix of the array received signal by the array flow pattern vector;
step S4: and performing characteristic decomposition on the obtained autocorrelation matrix, and calculating the incident direction of the radio signal by a spatial spectrum estimation algorithm.
Preferably, the step S1: and periodically modulating the radio frequency signals received by each antenna unit, and combining multiple radio frequency signals into one radio frequency signal by using a combiner.
Preferably, the step S3: and performing spectrum analysis on the fundamental component and the harmonic component in the combined radio frequency signal, and constructing an autocorrelation matrix of a received signal of the signal by modulating the time sequence, the frequency spectrums of the fundamental wave and the harmonic.
Preferably, the step S4: and performing characteristic decomposition on the formed autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, and estimating the incoming wave direction by using a spatial spectrum estimation algorithm.
Preferably, the step S2: the received radio signal is subjected to spectral analysis and an array flow pattern vector is calculated from the harmonic feature vector and the spectral features of the received signal.
Preferably, the step S3: and multiplying the array flow pattern vector by the conjugate transpose vector to obtain the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal.
Preferably, the spatial spectrum estimation algorithm comprises any one of: MUSIC algorithm, ESPRIT algorithm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can obviously reduce the complexity and the cost of the existing space spectrum estimation direction-finding system, and is particularly suitable for a radio direction-finding system with low cost and high precision.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure block for estimating direction by using a single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system algorithm flow block for estimating direction by using a single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a normalized power spectrum of a received signal after modulation by a single-pole single-throw switch and a combiner.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spatial spectrum obtained by using a classical MUSIC algorithm after obtaining an autocorrelation matrix of an array signal.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing simulation results of 100 direction-finding when the signal incidence direction is +15 °.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction-finding system, which comprises:
multi-path antenna unit 1: receiving a far-field radio signal;
modulation switch 2: periodically modulating a received radio signal;
power combiner 3: combining the radio signals received by the antenna units which are periodically modulated into one path;
receiving a radio frequency channel, comprising: the low noise amplifier 4, the mixer 5, the radio frequency local oscillator 6, the low pass filter 7, the driving amplifier 8 and the analog-to-digital converter 9;
the receiving radio frequency channel: the received radio signal is amplified in low noise and converted to intermediate frequency, and after the high frequency signal generated by frequency mixing is filtered by a low pass filter 7, the high frequency signal is amplified by a driving amplifier 8 and then is sampled to a digital domain by an analog-to-digital converter 9;
signal processing and control unit 10: the modulation switch 2 is modulated periodically; the method comprises the steps of carrying out spectrum analysis on received digital radio signals, solving array flow pattern vectors, calculating autocorrelation matrixes and carrying out signal characteristic decomposition, and further realizing direction finding on the radio signals.
Specifically, the signal processing and control unit 10 is composed of an FPGA, a DSP, or an MCU.
Specifically, the receiving radio frequency channel performs low noise amplification on the received radio signal through the low noise amplifier 4, the mixer 5 and the radio frequency local oscillator 6, and converts the radio signal to an intermediate frequency.
The invention provides a single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction finding method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: periodically modulating the single-pole single-throw radio frequency switch on each antenna unit channel, and calculating a harmonic characteristic matrix consisting of harmonic coefficients on each unit channel according to a modulation time sequence;
step S2: multiplying the inverse matrix of the harmonic characteristic matrix by the harmonic characteristic vector to obtain an array flow pattern vector;
step S3: calculating an autocorrelation matrix of the array received signal by the array flow pattern vector;
step S4: and performing characteristic decomposition on the obtained autocorrelation matrix, and calculating the incident direction of the radio signal by a spatial spectrum estimation algorithm.
Specifically, the step S1: and periodically modulating the radio frequency signals received by each antenna unit, and combining multiple radio frequency signals into one radio frequency signal by using a combiner.
Specifically, the step S3: and performing spectrum analysis on the fundamental component and the harmonic component in the combined radio frequency signal, and constructing an autocorrelation matrix of a received signal of the signal by modulating the time sequence, the frequency spectrums of the fundamental wave and the harmonic.
Specifically, the step S4: and performing characteristic decomposition on the formed autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, and estimating the incoming wave direction by using a spatial spectrum estimation algorithm.
Specifically, the step S2: the received radio signal is subjected to spectral analysis and an array flow pattern vector is calculated from the harmonic feature vector and the spectral features of the received signal.
Specifically, the step S3: and multiplying the array flow pattern vector by the conjugate transpose vector to obtain the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal.
Specifically, the spatial spectrum estimation algorithm includes any one of: MUSIC algorithm, ESPRIT algorithm.
The present invention will be described more specifically below with reference to preferred examples.
Preferred example 1:
compared with the existing spatial spectrum estimation direction-finding system, the spatial spectrum estimation direction-finding system has the advantages of simple structure, and only uses a single radio frequency channel to obtain the autocorrelation matrix of the array signal and realize the spatial spectrum estimation direction-finding.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: when the narrow-band signal is incident to the antenna array from far field, the narrow-band signal is modulated periodically by the radio frequency switch connected with each unit of the antenna array, and then combined into a path of radio frequency signal by the combiner. After the received narrowband signal is periodically modulated, fundamental wave components and harmonic components are generated. And calculating the flow pattern vector of the array according to the harmonic component in the received signal and the modulation timing sequence of the radio frequency switch on each unit. Then, an autocorrelation matrix of the array signal is obtained by the array flow pattern vector, and then direction finding is completed on the narrow-band signal by utilizing a space spectrum estimation algorithm such as a classical MUSIC algorithm or an ESPRIT algorithm.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a single radio frequency channel spatial estimation direction-finding system, which is characterized by comprising:
antenna array: for receiving far-field radio signals;
single-pole single-throw radio frequency switch: for periodically modulating a received radio signal.
A combiner: for combining the radio signals received by the units with periodic modulation into one path.
Receiving a radio frequency channel: the low-noise mixer comprises a low-noise amplifier, a mixer, a radio frequency local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a driving amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter. The low-noise amplifier is used for amplifying the received radio signals with low noise and converting the radio signals into intermediate frequency, filtering high-frequency signals generated by frequency mixing through a low-pass filter, driving and amplifying the high-frequency signals, and sampling the high-frequency signals to a digital domain through an analog-to-digital converter.
The signal acquisition processing and control module: usually composed of FPGA/DSP/MCU etc. One of the functions is to periodically modulate the single-pole single-throw radio frequency switch; the second function is to carry out spectrum analysis, solving array flow pattern vector, calculating autocorrelation matrix, and signal characteristic decomposition on the received digital radio signal, thereby realizing direction finding of the radio signal.
The theoretical basis to which the present invention relates is as follows. Let carrier frequency be FcThe single-frequency radio signal of (2) is incident on the N-unit one-dimensional linear array from the far field. Radio signals received by the N unit channels are periodically modulated by the single-pole single-throw radio frequency switch, and the modulation function on the nth unit channel is as follows:
wherein, TpFor modulation period, gn(t) is a gate function, which can be expressed as:
periodic modulation function U on nth unit channeln(t) can be expanded by a Fourier series as:
wherein, αn,kThe fourier coefficient for the k-th harmonic on the nth element channel can be calculated by the following formula:
wherein, Fp＝1/TpWhen k is 0, αn,0Called the fundamental component, α when k ≠ 0n,kReferred to as harmonic components. After passing through the combiner, the combined signal includes the sum of the fundamental component and the harmonic component generated on each unit channel, and thus the following relation is provided:
the matrix on the left side of the formula (5) is called a harmonic characteristic matrix, and is related to the modulation timing sequence on each unit channel as can be known from the formula (4); the vector on the left side of the formula (5) is an array flow pattern vector; the vector on the right side of equation (5) is the harmonic vector of the received signal, where0As the fundamental component in the combined signal,kn-1 are harmonic components in the combined signal, which may be obtained by performing a fast fourier transform on the combined signal. Thus, the array flow pattern vector is calculated from equation (5) as:
after obtaining the array flow pattern vector a (θ), the autocorrelation matrix of the array signal can be calculated:
Rxx＝a(θ)Ha(θ) (7)
for the obtained autocorrelation matrix RxxAnd (4) performing characteristic decomposition, and estimating the incident direction of the radio signal by using a classical spatial spectrum estimation algorithm, such as a MUSIC algorithm or an ESPRIT algorithm. For example, if the MUSIC algorithm with precision is adopted, the autocorrelation matrix R is firstly matchedxxThe characteristic decomposition is carried out as follows:
[VD]＝eig(Rxx) (8)
wherein D is a diagonal matrix formed by the eigenvalues, and V is a corresponding eigenvector. Matrix V formed by first N-1 columns of VnoiseFor the noise subspace, the spatial spectrum is calculated using the classical MUSIC algorithm as:
and searching a theta value corresponding to the spectrum peak of the P (theta) to obtain the incident direction of the signal.
Fig. 2 shows a basic flow of single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding.
Firstly, the data acquisition processing and control module periodically modulates the single-pole single-throw radio frequency switches on each unit channel and calculates a harmonic characteristic matrix consisting of harmonic coefficients on each unit channel according to a modulation time sequence;
then, the data acquisition processing and control module carries out spectrum analysis on the received radio signals, and calculates array flow pattern vectors according to the harmonic characteristic vectors and the spectrum characteristics of the received signals;
secondly, calculating an autocorrelation matrix of the array received signal by the array flow pattern vector; specific calculation methods can be seen in equations (4) to (7).
And finally, performing characteristic decomposition on the obtained autocorrelation matrix, and calculating the incident direction of the radio signal by using classical spatial spectrum estimation algorithms such as a MUSIC algorithm or an ESPRIT algorithm and the like.
Preferred example 2:
single radio frequency channel classical MUSIC algorithm direction finding
The array is provided with 8 units of one-dimensional linear arrays, and the array element interval is half wavelength. A single frequency signal at a carrier frequency of 1GHz is incident on the array from a +15 deg. direction. And the data acquisition, processing and control unit is used for periodically modulating the radio frequency switches on the 8 unit channels, wherein the modulation period is 1 ms. The modulation timing on the 8 cell channels is as follows: in one modulation period, the single-pole single-throw radio frequency switches on 8 unit channels are sequentially switched on the antenna unit, and the switching-on time of each radio frequency switch is 125 us. The signal-to-noise ratio of the system is set to 10dB, and after passing through the combiner, the normalized power spectrum of the received signal is as shown in fig. 3. It can be seen from the figure that after periodic modulation by the rf switch, a fundamental component with a frequency of 1GHz and a harmonic component with a frequency of 1GHz ± kx 1MHz appear in the received signal. Setting the sampling rate of the system to be 10GHz, setting the signal acquisition time to be 10us, calculating the values of the fundamental component and the first 7 harmonic components by using FFT, calculating a harmonic characteristic matrix by using a modulation time sequence, and substituting the result into an autocorrelation matrix of an 8-unit array in formula (6). And then, performing characteristic decomposition on the autocorrelation matrix by using a classical MUSIC algorithm, and calculating a spatial spectrum by using the orthogonality of a signal subspace and a noise subspace, wherein the obtained result is shown in figure 4.
In order to test the accuracy of the direction finding algorithm, the signal-to-noise ratio of the system is set to 10dB, 100 monte carlo simulations are performed, and the obtained 100 direction finding results are shown in fig. 5. The root mean square of the direction error is counted to be 0.014 degrees under the condition of 10dB signal-to-noise ratio.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof provided by the present invention in purely computer readable program code, the same procedures can be implemented entirely by logically programming method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof are provided in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system, the device and the modules thereof provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included in the system, the device and the modules thereof for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures in the hardware component; modules for performing various functions may also be considered to be both software programs for performing the methods and structures within hardware components.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding system, comprising:
multiple antenna unit (1): receiving a far-field radio signal;
modulation switch (2): periodically modulating a received radio signal;
power combiner (3): combining the radio signals received by the antenna units which are periodically modulated into one path;
receiving a radio frequency channel, comprising: the low-noise amplifier circuit comprises a low-noise amplifier (4), a mixer (5), a radio frequency local oscillator (6), a low-pass filter (7), a driving amplifier (8) and an analog-to-digital converter (9);
the receiving radio frequency channel: the received radio signal is subjected to low-noise amplification and converted to intermediate frequency, a high-frequency signal generated by frequency mixing is filtered by a low-pass filter (7), amplified by a driving amplifier (8), and sampled to a digital domain by an analog-to-digital converter (9);
signal processing and control unit (10): the modulation switch (2) is modulated periodically; the method comprises the steps of carrying out spectrum analysis on received digital radio signals, solving array flow pattern vectors, calculating autocorrelation matrixes and carrying out signal characteristic decomposition, and further realizing direction finding on the radio signals.
2. The single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding system according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal processing and control unit (10) is composed of FPGA, DSP or MCU.
3. The single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding system of claim 1, wherein the receiving radio frequency channel low noise amplifies and converts the received radio signal to an intermediate frequency through a low noise amplifier (4), a mixer (5) and a radio frequency local oscillator (6).
4. A single radio frequency channel space spectrum estimation direction finding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: periodically modulating the single-pole single-throw radio frequency switch on each antenna unit channel, and calculating a harmonic characteristic matrix consisting of harmonic coefficients on each unit channel according to a modulation time sequence;
step S2: multiplying the inverse matrix of the harmonic characteristic matrix by the harmonic characteristic vector to obtain an array flow pattern vector;
step S3: calculating an autocorrelation matrix of the array received signal by the array flow pattern vector;
step S4: and performing characteristic decomposition on the obtained autocorrelation matrix, and calculating the incident direction of the radio signal by a spatial spectrum estimation algorithm.
5. The method for single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding according to claim 4, wherein the step S1: and periodically modulating the radio frequency signals received by each antenna unit, and combining multiple radio frequency signals into one radio frequency signal by using a combiner.
6. The method for single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding according to claim 5, wherein the step S3: and performing spectrum analysis on the fundamental component and the harmonic component in the combined radio frequency signal, and constructing an autocorrelation matrix of a received signal of the signal by modulating the time sequence, the frequency spectrums of the fundamental wave and the harmonic.
7. The method for single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding according to claim 4, wherein the step S4: and performing characteristic decomposition on the formed autocorrelation matrix of the received signal, and estimating the incoming wave direction by using a spatial spectrum estimation algorithm.
8. The method for single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding according to claim 4, wherein the step S2: the received radio signal is subjected to spectral analysis and an array flow pattern vector is calculated from the harmonic feature vector and the spectral features of the received signal.
9. The method for single rf channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding according to claim 8, wherein the step S3: and multiplying the array flow pattern vector by the conjugate transpose vector to obtain the autocorrelation matrix of the received signal.
10. The single radio frequency channel spatial spectrum estimation direction finding method according to claim 7, wherein the spatial spectrum estimation algorithm comprises any one of: MUSIC algorithm, ESPRIT algorithm.
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| CN113067616A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-07-02 | 上海航天电子有限公司 | DBF phased array system based on time modulation digital super surface |
| CN114200215A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-18 | 华中科技大学 | Real-time autocorrelator based on radio frequency spectrum conversion and waveform measuring method |
| CN114442032A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-05-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Direction finding method and device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling |
| CN114442032B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Direction finding method based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling |
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