CN111726134B - Multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison system and method - Google Patents
Multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison system and a multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison method, wherein the system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch, a band-pass filter, a frequency mixer, a radio frequency local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter and a signal processing board; the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch is connected with a band-pass filter, the band-pass filter is connected with a frequency mixer, the frequency mixer is connected with a radio frequency local oscillator and a low-pass filter, the low-pass filter is connected with a variable gain amplifier, the variable gain amplifier is connected with an analog-to-digital converter, and the analog-to-digital converter is connected with a signal processing board; the signal processing board is connected with the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch and the variable gain amplifier to complete the calculation of the relative amplitude and the phase of each path of signal. The hardware structure of the invention is simple, and a plurality of radio frequency channels are not needed; the algorithm is simple to realize, and only needs to carry out spectrum analysis and a small amount of matrix multiplication on the radio-frequency signal modulated by the single-pole multi-throw radio-frequency switch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency microwave circuit engineering, in particular to a multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison system and method. And more particularly to a system for simultaneously measuring the amplitude and phase of multiple radio frequency signals.
Background
Phased array antennas, large-scale MIMO communications, MIMO radar systems all employ multiple radio frequency channels. The uniformity of the rf channel has a large impact on its performance. Therefore, in a system using multiple radio frequency channels, it is necessary to measure the amplitude and phase of each channel, and calibrate the system using the measured values as compensation quantities to ensure the performance of the system. The existing amplitude phase comparison of multiple radio frequency channels depends on a multi-channel digitizer, a multi-channel vector signal analyzer and the like, and the system is complex and high in cost. In addition, the existing amplitude and phase measurement system generally adopts a plurality of signal processing channels, has high requirements on the channel consistency of the measurement instrument and needs to carry out complex calibration.
Patent document CN107101600B (application number: 201710308820.0) discloses a rotor blade tip clearance and vibration parameter fusion measuring device based on microwave, which includes: the sensor comprises a microwave sensor and a sensor driving module, wherein the sensor driving module comprises a circulator, a phase-locked loop PLL, a phase shifter, a frequency mixer, a low-pass filter circuit, a high-pass filter circuit, a single chip microcomputer MCU, a multiplier, an adder, an automatic gain control circuit AGC, a comparator and an A/D analog-digital signal converter; the data acquisition module comprises a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and an upper computer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multipath radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison system and method.
The invention provides a multipath radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison system, which comprises:
the system comprises a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch, a band-pass filter, a frequency mixer, a radio frequency local oscillator, a low-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter and a signal processing board;
the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch is connected with a band-pass filter, the band-pass filter is connected with a frequency mixer, the frequency mixer is connected with a radio frequency local oscillator and a low-pass filter, the low-pass filter is connected with a variable gain amplifier, the variable gain amplifier is connected with an analog-to-digital converter, and the analog-to-digital converter is connected with a signal processing board;
the signal processing board is connected with the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch and the variable gain amplifier to complete the calculation of the relative amplitude and the phase of each path of signal.
Preferably, the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch periodically modulates each path of input radio frequency signal;
the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch is replaced by a plurality of single-pole single-throw radio frequency switches and a power combiner;
in a modulation period, the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch randomly switches on each path of input radio frequency signals.
Preferably, the band-pass filter filters out high-order harmonic components in the output signal of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch;
the mixer converts the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency;
between the band-pass filter and the mixer, a low noise amplifier is inserted according to the power level of the input signal.
Preferably, the radio frequency local oscillator provides a local oscillation signal for the mixer.
Preferably, the low-pass filter filters out high-frequency components in the mixed signal.
Preferably, the variable gain amplifier amplifies the mixed intermediate frequency signal to a range of a digital-to-analog converter.
Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter drives the antenna array such that a normal of the antenna array tracks the target direction.
Preferably, the signal processing board generates a periodic modulation signal of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch, controls the variable gain amplifier, performs spectrum analysis on the received digital signal, and calculates the relative amplitude and phase of each unit channel by using the periodic modulation signal and the harmonic characteristics of the received signal.
The amplitude phase comparison method of the multipath radio frequency signals provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: accessing a plurality of radio frequency signals;
step 2: periodically switching on each path of radio frequency signal by using a single-pole multiple-address radio frequency switch to realize the periodic modulation of the signal;
and step 3: filtering out higher harmonic components generated by periodic modulation by using a band-pass filter, so that the bandwidth of the generated harmonic signals meets the requirement of low-pass sampling;
and 4, step 4: converting the signal to an intermediate frequency by using a frequency mixer, a radio frequency local oscillator and a low-pass filter;
and 5: carrying out variable gain amplification on the received intermediate frequency signal to enable the amplified signal to meet the range requirement of a digital-to-analog converter, and converting the intermediate frequency signal to a digital domain by using the digital-to-analog converter;
step 6: in the signal processing board, the harmonic waves of the received signals are analyzed, and the relative amplitude and phase of each path of radio frequency signals are calculated by combining with the periodic modulation time sequence.
Preferably, the signal processing board simultaneously generates a periodic modulation time sequence to control the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch and control the gain of the variable gain amplifier;
is provided with N paths of frequencies of FcThe radio frequency signals are simultaneously input into the multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude phase comparison system, and the amplitude of the nth radio frequency signal is AnIn a phase of
Using a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch to switch on each path of radio frequency signals, and setting the starting and stopping time of switching on the nth path of signals to be tau respectivelyn,OnAnd τn,OffThen, the periodic modulation signal applied to the nth rf signal is:
wherein, TpM is a modulation period, m is a modulation period serial number, and t is modulation time;
gn(t) is the modulation signal in one period, expressed as:
due to periodic modulation, after passing through a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch, an output signal comprises a frequency FCOf fundamental component of and frequency FC±kFpK is harmonicWave order number, FpIs the modulation frequency;
will periodic signal Un(t) is expanded by a Fourier series as:
wherein j is an imaginary unit; alpha is alphak,nThe fourier coefficient of the k-th harmonic component in the modulation signal on the nth path is calculated by the following formula:
therefore, the output signal of the single-pole multi-throw rf switch is:
after periodic modulation of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch, the output signal contains fundamental wave component and harmonic component, and the fundamental wave component in the output signal is set as gamma0The first N-1 harmonic component being γ1,γ2,…,γN-1To obtain a linear equation set:
and the amplitude and the phase of the other N-1 paths of radio frequency signals relative to the 1 st path of signals are respectively as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the hardware structure of the invention is simple, and a plurality of radio frequency channels are not needed;
2. the algorithm is simple to realize, and only needs to carry out spectrum analysis and a small amount of matrix multiplication on the radio-frequency signal modulated by the single-pole multi-throw radio-frequency switch;
3. the invention adopts a method of periodically modulating the multi-channel signals aiming at the amplitude phase comparison requirement of the multi-channel radio frequency signals, and estimates the amplitude and the phase of each input channel of signals by analyzing the frequency spectrum characteristics of harmonic waves in the received single-channel signals.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a basic structure of an amplitude-phase comparison module for multiple RF signals;
FIG. 2 is a waveform of an output signal of a single-pole multi-throw RF switch;
FIG. 3 is a frequency spectrum of an output signal of a single-pole, multi-throw RF switch;
FIG. 4 shows the amplitude and phase comparison results of eight RF signals;
in the figure, 1-single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch; 2-a band-pass filter; 3-a mixer; 4-radio frequency local oscillation; 5-a low-pass filter; 6-a variable gain amplifier; 7-an analog-to-digital converter; 8-signal processing board.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a multipath radio frequency signal amplitude and phase comparison system, which comprises:
the device comprises a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1, a band-pass filter 2, a frequency mixer 3, a radio frequency local oscillator 4, a low-pass filter 5, a variable gain amplifier 6, an analog-to-digital converter 7 and a signal processing board 8;
the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 is connected with a band-pass filter 2, the band-pass filter 2 is connected with a frequency mixer 3, the frequency mixer 3 is connected with a radio frequency local oscillator 4 and a low-pass filter 5, the low-pass filter 5 is connected with a variable gain amplifier 6, the variable gain amplifier 6 is connected with an analog-to-digital converter 7, and the analog-to-digital converter 7 is connected with a signal processing board 8;
the signal processing board 8 is connected with the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 and the variable gain amplifier 6 to complete the calculation of the relative amplitude and phase of each path of signal.
Preferably, the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 is configured to periodically modulate each path of input radio frequency signal;
the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 is replaced by a plurality of single-pole single-throw radio frequency switches and a power combiner;
in a modulation period, the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 randomly switches on input radio frequency signals.
Preferably, the band-pass filter 2 is configured to filter out a high-order harmonic component in an output signal of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1;
the mixer 3 is used for converting the radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency;
between the band-pass filter 2 and the mixer 3, a low noise amplifier is inserted according to the power level of the input signal.
Preferably, the radio frequency local oscillator 4 provides a local oscillation signal for the mixer 3.
Preferably, the low-pass filter 5 is configured to filter out high-frequency components in the mixed signal.
Preferably, the variable gain amplifier 6 is configured to amplify the mixed intermediate frequency signal to a range of a digital-to-analog converter 7.
Preferably, the analog-to-digital converter 7 is configured to drive the antenna array such that a normal direction of the antenna array tracks the target direction.
Preferably, the signal processing board 8 is configured to generate a periodic modulation signal of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1, control the variable gain amplifier 6, perform spectrum analysis on the received digital signal, and calculate the relative amplitude and phase of each unit channel by using the periodic modulation signal and the harmonic characteristics of the received signal.
The amplitude phase comparison method of the multipath radio frequency signals provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: accessing a plurality of radio frequency signals;
step 2: periodically switching on each path of radio frequency signal by using a single-pole multiple-address radio frequency switch to realize the periodic modulation of the signal;
and step 3: filtering out higher harmonic components generated by periodic modulation by using a band-pass filter, so that the bandwidth of the generated harmonic signals meets the requirement of low-pass sampling;
and 4, step 4: converting the signal to an intermediate frequency by using a frequency mixer, a radio frequency local oscillator and a low-pass filter;
and 5: carrying out variable gain amplification on the received intermediate frequency signal to enable the amplified signal to meet the range requirement of a digital-to-analog converter, and converting the intermediate frequency signal to a digital domain by using the digital-to-analog converter;
step 6: in the signal processing board, the harmonic waves of the received signals are analyzed, and the relative amplitude and phase of each path of radio frequency signals are calculated by combining with the periodic modulation time sequence.
Preferably, the signal processing board 8 simultaneously generates a periodic modulation timing sequence to control the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 and control the gain of the variable gain amplifier 6;
is provided with N paths of frequencies of FCThe radio frequency signals are simultaneously input into the multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude phase comparison system, and the amplitude of the nth radio frequency signal is AnIn a phase of
Using a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 to switch on each path of radio frequency signals, and setting the starting and stopping time of switching on the nth path of signals as taun,OnAnd τn,OffThen, the periodic modulation signal applied to the nth rf signal is:
wherein, TpM is a modulation period, m is a modulation period serial number, and t is modulation time;
gn(t) is the modulation signal in one period, expressed as:
due to the periodic modulation, after passing through the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1, the output signal contains the frequency FCOf fundamental component of and frequency FC±kFpK is the harmonic order, FpIs the modulation frequency;
will periodic signal Un(t) is expanded by a Fourier series as:
wherein j is an imaginary unit; alpha is alphak,nThe fourier coefficient of the k-th harmonic component in the modulation signal on the nth path is calculated by the following formula:
therefore, the output signal of the single-pole multi-throw rf switch is:
after periodic modulation of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1, the output signal contains fundamental wave component and harmonic component, and the fundamental wave component in the output signal is set as gamma0The first N-1 harmonic component being γ1,γ2,…,γN-1To obtain a linear equation set:
and the amplitude and the phase of the other N-1 paths of radio frequency signals relative to the 1 st path of signals are respectively as follows:
please refer to fig. 1 to fig. 4.
Fig. 1 shows a basic structure diagram of a multipath rf signal amplitude-phase comparison module. The multi-path radio frequency signals are connected to a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch 1 of the amplitude phase comparison module. And a modulation time sequence is generated on the signal processing board 8, and the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch cabinet is periodically modulated. And in one modulation period, the radio frequency channels are switched on in turn. The output of the radio frequency switch passes through a band-pass filter 2, a mixer 3, a radio frequency local oscillator 4, a low-pass filter 5 and a variable gain amplifier 6, and then an analog-to-digital converter 7 samples the intermediate frequency analog signal into a digital signal. In the signal processing board 8, the received digital signal is subjected to spectrum estimation to obtain a fundamental component and a harmonic component. And calculating Fourier coefficients of harmonic waves generated by each path of signal according to the modulation time sequence, and calculating the amplitude and the phase of the radio frequency signals on other branches relative to the first path of radio frequency signals according to the formula (13) and the formula (14). Meanwhile, the result of the spectrum estimation is used for power estimation of the received signal, and a control signal is generated, so that the output of the variable gain amplifier 6 meets the range requirement of the analog-to-digital converter 7.
Example 2:
amplitude-phase and phase comparison of 8-path radio frequency signals
And simultaneously inputting 8 paths of radio frequency signals with the frequency of 1GHz to the single-pole eight-throw radio frequency switch. Wherein, the amplitude of each way signal is respectively: 0.80, 0.89, 1.02, 1.23, 1.23, 0.83, 1.24, 1.23;
the initial phases are respectively: -0.73 °, 15.01 °, -17.91 °, -3.91 °, 20.79 °, 14.61 °, 22.97 °, 7.79 °.
Selecting a first path of radio frequency signal as a reference, wherein the amplitudes of other branches relative to the reference branch are as follows: 0.93dB, 2.15dB, 3.74dB, 3.77dB, 0.32dB, 3.79dB, 3.74 dB; the phase with respect to the reference branch is: 15.53 °, -16.79 °, -4.04 °, 21.00 °, 15.30 °, 23.60 °, 8.87 °. The initial values of the amplitude and phase comparisons are shown in FIG. 4 by the asterisk marks.
The signal processing board 8 is used to generate a periodic modulation signal, which periodically switches on 8 branches, with a modulation period of 100 ns. In one period, the output of the radio frequency switch is connected to 8 input branches in turn, and the conducting time of each branch is 12.5 ns. After periodic modulation, the waveform of the output signal of the rf switch is shown in fig. 2, and the frequency spectrum thereof is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, after periodic modulation by the rf switch, each harmonic component with a frequency interval of 10MHz is generated on both sides with the fundamental frequency of 1GHz as the center.
And collecting data of 10 modulation periods, and performing spectrum analysis to obtain values of fundamental wave and first 7 harmonic components. Then, the fourier coefficient of the harmonic component generated in each branch is calculated by equation (11). Finally, the amplitude and phase of the other branch relative to the reference branch are calculated by the formula (13) and the formula (14), and the obtained amplitude comparison measured value is: 0.86dB, 2.18dB, 3.77dB, 3.64dB, 0.13dB, 3.69dB, 3.69 dB;
the resulting phase comparison measurements were: 15.53 °, -16.79 °, -4.04 °, 21.00 °, 15.30 °, 23.60 °, 8.87 °.
The initial values of the amplitude and phase comparisons are shown in FIG. 4 with the cross-reference. The effectiveness of the amplitude and phase comparison method provided by the invention can be seen by comparing the measured values of the amplitude comparison and the phase comparison with the preset values.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof provided by the present invention in purely computer readable program code, the same procedures can be implemented entirely by logically programming method steps such that the systems, apparatus, and various modules thereof are provided in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system, the device and the modules thereof provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included in the system, the device and the modules thereof for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures in the hardware component; modules for performing various functions may also be considered to be both software programs for performing the methods and structures within hardware components.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (6)
1. A method for comparing amplitudes and phases of multiple radio frequency signals is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: accessing a plurality of radio frequency signals;
step 2: periodically switching on each path of radio frequency signal by using a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch to realize the periodic modulation of the signal;
and step 3: filtering out higher harmonic components generated by periodic modulation by using a band-pass filter, so that the bandwidth of the generated harmonic signals meets the requirement of low-pass sampling;
and 4, step 4: converting the signal to an intermediate frequency by using a frequency mixer, a radio frequency local oscillator and a low-pass filter;
and 5: carrying out variable gain amplification on the received intermediate frequency signal to enable the amplified signal to meet the range requirement of an analog-to-digital converter, and converting the intermediate frequency signal to a digital domain by using the analog-to-digital converter;
step 6: in the signal processing board, analyzing the harmonic waves of the received signals, and calculating the relative amplitude and phase of each path of radio frequency signals by combining with a periodic modulation time sequence;
the signal processing board (8) simultaneously generates a periodic modulation time sequence to control the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1) and control the gain of the variable gain amplifier (6);
is provided with N paths of frequencies of FcThe radio frequency signal is simultaneously input into a multi-channel radio frequency signal amplitude phase comparison system, and the amplitude of the nth radio frequency signal is AnIn a phase of
Using a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1) to switch on each path of radio frequency signal, and setting the starting and stopping time of switching on the nth path of signal to be tau respectivelyn，onAnd τn，offThen, the periodic modulation signal applied to the nth rf signal is:
wherein, TpM is a modulation period, m is a modulation period serial number, and t is modulation time;
gn(t) is the modulation signal in one period, expressed as:
due to periodic modulation, after passing through the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1), the output signal comprises a frequency FcOf fundamental component of and frequency Fc±kFpK is the harmonic order, FpIs the modulation frequency;
will periodically modulate signal Un(t) is expanded by a Fourier series as:
wherein j is an imaginary unit; alpha is alphak，nThe fourier coefficient of the k-th harmonic component in the modulation signal on the nth path is calculated by the following formula:
therefore, the output signal of the single-pole multi-throw rf switch is:
wherein the output signal s (t) is equal to the sum of the harmonic components generated on the N channels, the amplitude phase is composed of a plurality of
Represents;
after periodic modulation of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1), the output signal contains fundamental wave components and harmonic wave components, and the fundamental wave component in the output signal is set to be gamma0The first N-1 harmonic component being γ1，γ2，...，γN-1To obtain a linear equation set:
and the amplitude and the phase of the other N-1 paths of radio frequency signals relative to the 1 st path of signals are respectively as follows:
2. a multi-channel rf signal amplitude phase comparison system, wherein the multi-channel rf signal amplitude phase comparison method of claim 1 is adopted, comprising:
the device comprises a single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1), a band-pass filter (2), a frequency mixer (3), a radio frequency local oscillator (4), a low-pass filter (5), a variable gain amplifier (6), an analog-to-digital converter (7) and a signal processing board (8);
the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1) is connected with a band-pass filter (2), the band-pass filter (2) is connected with a frequency mixer (3), the frequency mixer (3) is connected with a radio frequency local oscillator (4) and a low-pass filter (5), the low-pass filter (5) is connected with a variable gain amplifier (6), the variable gain amplifier (6) is connected with an analog-to-digital converter (7), and the analog-to-digital converter (7) is connected with a signal processing board (8);
the signal processing board (8) is connected with the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1) and the variable gain amplifier (6) to complete the calculation of the relative amplitude and phase of each path of signal;
the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1) is used for periodically modulating each path of input radio frequency signal;
the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1) is replaced by a plurality of single-pole single-throw radio frequency switches and a power combiner;
in a modulation period, the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1) is randomly switched on each path of input radio frequency signals;
the analog-to-digital converter (7) drives the antenna array so that the normal direction of the antenna array tracks the target direction;
the signal processing board (8) generates a periodic modulation signal of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1), controls the variable gain amplifier (6), performs spectrum analysis on a received digital signal, and calculates the relative amplitude and phase of each unit channel by using the periodic modulation signal and the harmonic characteristics of the received signal.
3. The amplitude and phase comparison system for multipath radio frequency signals according to claim 2, wherein the band-pass filter (2) filters out higher-order harmonic components in the output signal of the single-pole multi-throw radio frequency switch (1);
the mixer (3) converts the radio frequency signal to an intermediate frequency;
a low noise amplifier is inserted between the band pass filter (2) and the mixer (3) according to the power of the input signal.
4. The amplitude phase comparison system of claim 2, wherein the radio frequency local oscillator (4) provides a local oscillator signal for the mixer (3).
5. The amplitude-phase comparison system of claim 2, wherein the low-pass filter (5) filters out high-frequency components of the mixed signal.
6. The multiple radio frequency signal amplitude phase comparison system according to claim 2, wherein the variable gain amplifier (6) amplifies the mixed intermediate frequency signal to a range of an analog-to-digital converter (7).
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| CN110620559A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-27 | 上海交通大学 | Radio frequency signal amplitude and phase control module and method |
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| CN110708127A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-01-17 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Parallel amplitude and phase calibration method and system for phased array antenna |
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