CN114442032A - Direction finding method and device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling - Google Patents

Direction finding method and device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling Download PDF

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CN114442032A
CN114442032A CN202210357084.9A CN202210357084A CN114442032A CN 114442032 A CN114442032 A CN 114442032A CN 202210357084 A CN202210357084 A CN 202210357084A CN 114442032 A CN114442032 A CN 114442032A
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array
antenna array
vector
data
polarization
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CN114442032B (en
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沈志博
王浩丞
朱全江
唐勇
刘俊
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CETC 29 Research Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction

Abstract

The invention discloses a direction-finding method and a device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring antenna array receiving data; the antenna array receives data which are radiation signals output by a plurality of radiation sources and overlapped on a time domain; step 2, generating a pseudo-random sequence by using a signal processing module, and constructing a random observation matrix; step 3, carrying out compression sampling on the antenna array received data by using the random observation matrix to obtain array compression sampling data; step 4, compressing the sampled data according to the array to obtain a noise subspace; and 5, determining the arrival angle of the data received by the antenna array according to the noise subspace. Under the condition that the number of receiving channels is not changed, the array is compressed and sampled by combining a radio frequency network only by increasing the number of partial array antennas, so that the influence of antenna polarization mismatch is reduced, and the direction-finding performance is improved.

Description

Direction finding method and device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direction finding in the field of array signal processing, in particular to a direction finding method and device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling.
Background
The existing traditional direction-finding device generally adopts a scheme of combining single-polarization annular arrangement with a multi-channel receiving processor. The scheme adopts a vector antenna array, senses polarization information of signals by using different polarization characteristics of a plurality of single-polarization antennas, and performs spatial sampling on spatial signals by using a geometric structure of the array to acquire arrival angle information of electromagnetic signals. The signal is filtered and amplified through a radio frequency network, and is converted into a multi-channel acquisition module through down conversion, and finally the arrival angle of the signal is calculated in a signal processing module. In the single-polarization annular arrangement, a plurality of single-polarization antenna units are uniformly arranged in an annular shape to form a vector array. Space electromagnetic signals can reach an antenna array in any polarization mode, the problem of polarization mismatch of partial antenna units exists in the traditional single-polarization antenna uniform array distribution mode, the loss of mismatch gain of the antenna units is 20-25 dB, the effective antenna units of the antenna array are directly reduced, direction-finding errors are increased, the direction-finding of a high-frequency band is fuzzy, even the direction-finding cannot be carried out, and the like. The main method for inhibiting the influence of the polarization mismatch is to enrich the polarization diversity of the vector array by increasing the number of single-polarized antennas so as to reduce the influence of the polarization mismatch on the directional performance. Generally, the more the number of antennas is, the more polarization modes are formed, and the more the polarization characteristics of the array are. In the traditional direction finding scheme, the number of the antennas is equal to that of the channels of the multichannel receiving processor, the traditional direction finding scheme is limited by the weight, the volume, the power consumption, signal processing resources and the like of equipment, the polarization diversity of the array antenna cannot be enriched by increasing a large number of antennas, and the traditional direction finding scheme is difficult to realize in engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a direction finding method and device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compressive sampling, under the condition that the number of receiving channels is not changed, the influence of antenna polarization mismatch is reduced and the direction finding performance is improved by only increasing the number of partial array antennas and combining with the array compressive sampling by a radio frequency network.
The invention discloses a direction-finding device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling, which comprises: the system comprises an antenna array, a signal processing module, a digital acquisition processing module, a frequency source, a down-conversion module and a filtering and amplifying module;
the antenna array, the filtering and amplifying module, the down-conversion module, the digital acquisition and processing module and the signal processing module are sequentially connected; the frequency source is respectively connected with the signal processing module and the down-conversion module;
the antenna array is used for receiving radiation signals which are output by a plurality of radiation sources and have overlapping in time domain;
the signal processing module is used for generating a pseudo-random sequence for compression sampling of the radiation signal.
Optionally, the number of array elements of the antenna array is greater than the number of receiving processing channels of the direction finding device.
Optionally, the antenna array is a multi-polarization vector antenna array.
The invention also discloses a direction finding method based on the direction finding device based on the multi-polarization vector antenna array compression sampling, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring antenna array receiving data; the antenna array receives data which are radiation signals output by a plurality of radiation sources and overlapped on a time domain;
step 2, generating a pseudo-random sequence by using a signal processing module, and constructing a random observation matrix;
step 3, carrying out compression sampling on the antenna array received data by using the random observation matrix to obtain array compression sampling data;
step 4, compressing the sampled data according to the array to obtain a noise subspace;
and 5, determining the arrival angle of the data received by the antenna array according to the noise subspace.
Optionally, the acquiring data received by the antenna array includes:
in space of consideration
Figure 864960DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The number of far-field signals incident on the array element is
Figure 839869DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
On the antenna array, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The far-field signal has an angle of arrival of
Figure 977459DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 125543DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
is in the range of 1 to
Figure 946869DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
，
Figure 561521DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Within time, the antenna array receives data
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Comprises the following steps:
Figure 3651DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
，
Figure 96372DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is composed of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The flow pattern of the dimensional array,
Figure 303363DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is composed of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The vector of the dimensional signal is then calculated,
Figure 72605DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is shown as
Figure 466677DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The number of the signals is such that,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
represents a mean of 0 and a variance of
Figure 425406DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Complex white gaussian noise of (a);
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
is the Kronecker product of the polarization steering vector and the space steering vector,
Figure 673853DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
is a space-domain guide vector, and the space-domain guide vector,
Figure 427045DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
in order to steer the vector in the polarization domain,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
in order to be the auxiliary angle of polarization,
Figure 26523DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
is the polarization phase difference.
Optionally, step 3 specifically includes:
by using
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Dimension random observation matrix
Figure 523363DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Receiving data to an antenna array
Figure 908208DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Performing compression sampling to obtain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Time of day array compressed sampling data
Figure 97881DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is less than
Figure 922005DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
；
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 222537DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is that
Figure 727467DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Multi-channel data of time of day, hence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Wei, if is
Figure 274992DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Within time, then
Figure 130953DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
The dimension matrix is a matrix of dimensions,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
corresponding to the number of the receiving and processing channels of the direction-finding device,
Figure 969596DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
is composed of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
The array flow pattern is compressed in dimension,
Figure 47142DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
the noise after compression sampling;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Figure 578617DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 108825DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
is as follows
Figure 751159DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
After compression of the signal
Figure 230682DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
A guide vector of dimensions;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
is composed of
Figure 933058DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
To (1) a
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
An element, representing
Figure 213211DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The far-field signal is compressed in the first
Figure 862499DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Responses on individual channels;
Figure 462107DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
for random observation matrix
Figure 319074DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
To middle
Figure 168081DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Line, first
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
A column element;
Figure 355480DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
is as follows
Figure 544016DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
A response over a vector array of element antennas;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
a down-conversion module, a multi-channel digital acquisition module and a pair
Figure 837463DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Performing multi-channel digital sampling on the signals compressed in time to obtain array compression sampling data
Figure 377028DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Wherein, in the process,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
which represents the sample points, the sampling points,
Figure 102539DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
to represent
Figure 660428DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Fast beat number in time.
Optionally, the step 4 includes:
step 41, calculating a covariance matrix of array compression sampling data;
and 42, carrying out eigenvalue decomposition on the covariance matrix to extract a noise subspace.
Optionally, step 41 specifically includes:
compressing sampled data for an array
Figure 406667DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Calculating a covariance matrix to obtain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 371212DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
in the form of a covariance matrix,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is composed of
Figure 962730DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure 378056DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
is composed of
Figure 232879DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
The conjugate of (a) the transpose matrix,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
is composed of
Figure 12616DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
is a mathematical expectation;
the step 42 specifically includes:
for covariance matrix
Figure 329197DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
Carrying out eigenvalue decomposition; wherein the characteristic value
Figure 346832DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
The corresponding eigenvector spans a signal subspace of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
Characteristic value
Figure 169294DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
The corresponding feature vector spans a noise subspace of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
And is and
Figure 357699DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
and
Figure 556599DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
are orthogonal to each other.
Optionally, the step 5 specifically includes:
performing MUSIC spectral peak search according to formula (1), determining the arrival angle of the signal according to the position of the spectral peak,
Figure 694319DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
(1)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
the angle of arrival grid points are represented,
Figure 625366DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
searching the number of lattice points for the pitch and the azimuth,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
representing angle of arrival grid points
Figure 97805DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
The corresponding steering vector is set to the corresponding steering vector,
Figure 569237DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
is composed of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
The conjugate of (a) the transpose matrix,
Figure 764727DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
representing angle of arrival grid points
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
The corresponding spectral peak; in space
Figure 909750DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The far field signals correspond to the arrival angle grid points,
Figure 354638DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
the maximum value of the spectrum peak can appear, so the arrival angle lattice point corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum peak is passed
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
Can obtain
Figure 629762DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Measurement of the angle of arrival.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the direction-finding device based on the multi-polarization vector array antenna compression sampling adopts a processing mode of the vector array antenna compression sampling, and reduces the dimension of antenna array data under the condition of keeping signal polarization information, so that the number of receiving and processing channels at the rear end is smaller than the number of antenna array elements. Therefore, the number of the rear-end receiving and processing channels can be kept unchanged, the purposes of increasing the number of array antennas, enriching the polarization diversity of a vector array and reducing the influence of antenna mismatch are achieved, and the direction finding performance is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional single-polarized annular array of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional direction-finding device in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a direction-finding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a direction-finding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a direction finding implementation scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional angle of arrival measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating angular resolution comparison according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of the direction-finding root mean square error according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described are only some of the examples and are not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described herein. All other embodiments available to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
The existing traditional direction-finding device generally adopts a single-polarization annular arrangement (as shown in fig. 1) + a multi-channel receiving processor (as shown in fig. 2). According to the scheme, a vector antenna array is adopted, polarization information of signals is sensed by using different polarization characteristics of a plurality of single-polarization antennas, and spatial sampling is carried out on space signals by using a geometrical structure of the array to obtain arrival angle information of electromagnetic signals.
For ease of understanding, the present invention provides two specific embodiments:
the first embodiment is as follows:
in this embodiment, the direction finding device is shown in fig. 3, and a block diagram of a direction finding workflow of the direction finding device is shown in fig. 4.
The direction finding method based on the direction finding device comprises the following specific steps:
s1, acquiring antenna array receiving data; the antenna array receives data which are radiation signals output by a plurality of radiation sources and have overlapping on a time domain;
s2, generating a pseudo-random sequence by using a signal processing module, and constructing a random observation matrix;
the pseudo-random sequence can be generated by using scientific computing software such as MATLAB and the like, and is pre-loaded into the signal processing module, and the pseudo-random sequence is ordered according to columns to form a random observation matrix.
S3, carrying out compression sampling on the data received by the antenna array by using the random observation matrix to obtain array compression sampling data;
s4, compressing the sampled data according to the array to obtain a noise subspace;
and S5, determining the arrival angle of the data received by the antenna array according to the noise subspace.
Specifically, the antenna array adopts single-polarization annular arrangement (can also be used in other arrangement modes),
Figure 476495DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
the unit antennas with different polarizations are arranged in a ring to form a multi-polarization vector array. In space of consideration
Figure 529770DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
A far-field signal is incident on the antenna array, wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
The angle of arrival of the signal is
Figure 727534DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
Then the antenna array receives the data
Figure 9610DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
Can be expressed as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
(2)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 428959DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
is composed of
Figure 403869DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
The flow pattern of the dimensional array,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
is composed of
Figure 807037DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The vector of the dimensional signal is then calculated,
Figure 955122DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
is shown as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
The number of the signals is such that,
Figure 979709DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
represents a mean of 0 and a variance of
Figure 125520DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Complex white gaussian noise.
Figure 829034DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The Kronecker product of the polarization steering vector and the space steering vector is shown as formula (3).
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
(3)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 439531DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
is a space-domain guide vector, and the space-domain guide vector,
Figure 115363DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
in order to steer the vector in the polarization domain,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
the auxiliary angle of the polarization is shown,
Figure 963233DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
indicating a polarization phase difference.
By using
Figure 606573DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Wei (A)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
) Random observation matrix
Figure 502985DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Receiving data to an antenna array
Figure 95640DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
Carrying out compression sampling to obtain array compression sampling data
Figure 848833DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
As shown in formula (4).
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
(4)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 917152DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
is that
Figure 210730DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Multi-channel data of time of day, hence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
Wei, if is
Figure 64416DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
Within time, then
Figure 237778DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
The dimension matrix is a matrix of dimensions,
Figure 403180DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
the number of receiving processing channels corresponding to the direction-finding device;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
the noise after compression sampling;
Figure 906973DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
is composed of
Figure 146325DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Dimensional compression array flow pattern as shown in formula (5)
Figure 38057DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
(5)
Figure 874777DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
(6)
Figure 713420DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
(7)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 72857DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
is as follows
Figure 338753DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
After compression of the signal
Figure 213168DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
A guide vector of dimensions;
Figure 839190DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
is composed of
Figure 53134DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
To (1) a
Figure 489932DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
An element, representing
Figure 851643DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
After the far-field signal is compressed
Figure 32089DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Responses on individual channels;
Figure 880965DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
for random observation matrix
Figure 488664DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
To middle
Figure 9775DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Line, first
Figure 993911DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Column elements;
Figure 244764DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
is as follows
Figure 272632DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
A response over a vector array of element antennas;
Figure 281039DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
a down-conversion module, a multi-channel digital acquisition module and a pair
Figure 803287DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Performing multi-channel digital sampling on the signals compressed in time to obtain array compression sampling data
Figure 908647DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Wherein, in the step (A),
Figure 858148DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
which represents the sample points of the image,
Figure 871628DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
to represent
Figure 931988DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Fast beat number in time.
Figure 157433DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
In that
Figure 277835DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The data in time is one
Figure 526414DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
The matrix of (a) is,
Figure 374153DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
the number of the channels is the same as the number of the channels,
Figure 454105DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
for the sampling time of each channel, after digital sampling
Figure 745409DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Is one
Figure 481284DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
The matrix of (a) is,
Figure 883446DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
become into
Figure 270434DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The number of sampling points in time, i.e. the number of fast beats.
Receiving data with the original vector antenna array
Figure 529377DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
In contrast, a compressed sampled vector array receives data
Figure 752548DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
From
Figure 958401DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Dimension is reduced to
Figure 950628DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Dimension, but the polarization response characteristics of each antenna are preserved,
Figure 380473DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
the signal is converted into an intermediate frequency signal by a down-conversion module, and then the compressed signal is digitally sampled by a multi-channel digital acquisition module to obtain a digital signal
Figure 340207DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
And a covariance matrix is calculated therefrom, to obtain
Figure 84172DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
(8)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 930906DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
is a mathematical expectation;
Figure 797230DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
which represents the sample points, the sampling points,
Figure 729414DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is composed of
Figure 359346DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure 60585DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
is composed of
Figure 301074DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure 517292DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
is composed of
Figure 603059DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a); for covariance matrix
Figure 673652DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
Performing eigenvalue decomposition, wherein the eigenvalue
Figure 881780DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
The corresponding eigenvector spans a signal subspace of
Figure 788556DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
Characteristic value
Figure 943594DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
The corresponding feature vector spans a noise subspace of
Figure 353846DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
And is and
Figure 732875DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
and
Figure 376215DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
mutually orthogonal, performing MUSIC spectral peak search according to the formula (1), and determining the arrival angle of the signal according to the position of the spectral peak.
Figure 69365DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
(1)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 599703DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
the angle of arrival grid points are represented,
Figure 87316DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
searching the number of lattice points for the pitch and the azimuth,
Figure 765422DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
representing angle of arrival grid points
Figure 511530DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
The corresponding steering vector is set to the corresponding steering vector,
Figure 896375DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
is composed of
Figure 820469DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
The conjugate of (a) the transpose matrix,
Figure 720292DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
representing angle of arrival grid points
Figure 755244DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
The corresponding spectral peak; in space
Figure 777951DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The far field signals correspond to the arrival angle grid points,
Figure 607367DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
the maximum value of the spectrum peak can appear, so the arrival angle lattice point corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum peak is passed
Figure 197748DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
Can obtain
Figure 36391DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Measurement of the angle of arrival.
The direction-finding device based on multi-polarization vector array antenna compression sampling adopts a processing mode of vector array antenna compression sampling, and reduces the dimension of antenna array data under the condition of keeping signal polarization information, so that the rear end receives and processes the number of channels
Figure 458145DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Less than the number of antenna array elements
Figure 973309DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
. Therefore, the number of the rear-end receiving processing channels can be kept
Figure 785407DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
The number of the array antennas is increased without changing
Figure 162162DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
The polarization diversity of the vector array is enriched, the influence of antenna mismatch is reduced, and the direction-finding performance is improved.
As shown in fig. 3, the direction-finding device of the present invention generates a pseudorandom sequence by calculation of a signal processor (the pseudorandom sequence may be generated by using scientific calculation software such as MATLAB, and is pre-loaded into a signal processing module, and the pseudorandom sequence is ordered in columns to form a random observation matrix), and performs compression sampling on a radio frequency signal received by a vector antenna array through a radio frequency network, and performs down-conversion to an intermediate frequency signal through a down-conversion module, and the like, and then performs parallel sampling processing on the intermediate frequency signal through a multi-channel digital acquisition processor, and transmits the sampled data to the signal processor for storage and processing.
Example two:
in this embodiment, the test scene is shown in fig. 5 by performing the radiation source test in the microwave darkroom. The direction-finding device is arranged on the rotary table and is remotely controlled by a computer. The 3 radiation source antennas are erected at the other end of the darkroom, and the target simulator generates a signal to be adopted and radiates through the antennas. The method provided by the invention is adopted to measure the arrival angles of a plurality of radiation source signals. Wherein, the radiation source signal conditions are set as follows:
1) angle of radiation source
Figure 438422DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
Set at (-5, -15), (9, 3), and (-10, 20), respectively.
2) The radiation source target simulator is set to generate 3 paths of signals, and the radiation source signals are overlapped in a time domain.
The method for measuring the signal arrival angle comprises the following specific steps:
1) the antenna of the invention adopts a ring array mode (also can adopt an arbitrary array mode), and array elements
Figure 875220DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
The number of receiving and processing channels of the direction-finding device
Figure 423882DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
；
2) Starting a target simulator, setting the output of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 radiation sources, starting a direction-finding device, and receiving a space radiation signal;
3) the signal processing module of the direction-finding device generates a pseudo-random sequence to construct a random observation matrix
Figure 604327DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
；
4) Using random observation matrices
Figure 735094DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Receiving data to an antenna array
Figure 342793DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Performing compression sampling to reduce data dimension and obtain compressed data
Figure 129484DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
，
Figure 362888DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Obtaining digital signals through a down-conversion module and a multi-channel digital acquisition module
Figure 348161DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
；
5) Computing
Figure 126762DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
Covariance matrix of
Figure 666327DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
And extracting noise subspace by eigenvalue decomposition
Figure 922996DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
；
6) Performing MUSIC spectral peak search according to the formula (8) in the first embodiment, and determining the arrival angle of the signal according to the position of the spectral peak;
7) comparing the direction finding precision of the method of the invention with that of the traditional direction finding method, the traditional method 1 sets the array element number
Figure 477956DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
Number of reception processing channels
Figure 224195DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
(ii) a Conventional method 2 sets the number of array elements
Figure 251057DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
Number of reception processing channels
Figure 45837DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
. Changing the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from 0dB to 15dB, and respectively counting the root-mean-square error of two-dimensional angle measurement (counting according to the processing result of 1000 pulse data under each SNR);
8) the resolution of the method of the present invention was compared to the conventional direction finding method. The positions of radiating 3 radiating antennas are adjusted, so that the pitching angles of 3 signals are all 0 degrees, and the azimuth angles are 0 degree, 3 degrees and 6 degrees in sequence. Conventional method for setting array element number
Figure 208965DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
Number of reception processing channels
Figure 391685DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
The 3 radiation source targets were angle resolved using the conventional method and the inventive method, respectively.
Fig. 6 shows the angle of arrival of the signal measured with the direction-finding device of the invention, compared to the actual spatial position of the radiation source (. dot.represents the actual value,. smallcircle.represents the measured value). As shown in fig. 6, the present invention enables accurate measurement of the two-dimensional angle of arrival of all 3 radiation sources.
As shown in fig. 7, compared with the conventional method 1 (array element number)
Figure 889531DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
Number of reception processing channels
Figure 488003DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
) In contrast, the present invention uses the same receiving channel (
Figure 771217DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
) Because the polarization diversity of the vector array is enhanced, the influence of polarization mismatch on the direction-finding performance is reduced, so the direction-finding root mean square error is smaller, and the direction-finding performance is obviously superior to that of the traditional direction-finding method 1; with conventional method 2 (array element number)
Figure 859259DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
Number of reception processing channels
Figure 595133DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
) Compared with the prior art, under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio, the direction-finding root-mean-square errors are basically the same, the direction-finding performance is equivalent, but the number of the used receiving channels is reduced by half, and more resources are saved.
As shown in fig. 8, under the condition that the same reception channel is used: (
Figure 512143DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
) Because the influence of polarization mismatch reduces the resolution of array direction finding, the traditional method can not distinguish 3 radiation source target angles, and the method of the invention can well distinguish the angles of 3 radiation source targets, thereby verifying that the method enriches the polarization diversity of a vector array by increasing an antenna and reduces the shadow of the polarization mismatch on the resolution of the array direction findingTherefore, the angle resolution is significantly better than the traditional direction finding method.
The verification shows that the invention adopts a multi-polarization vector array antenna compression sampling mode, enriches the polarization diversity of the vector array, reduces the influence of antenna polarization mismatch and improves the array direction-finding performance by increasing the number of antenna units under the condition of unchanged receiving and processing channels. Compared with the traditional direction-finding system, the direction-finding precision, the angle resolution performance and the like are obviously improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. A direction-finding device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compressive sampling, comprising: the system comprises an antenna array, a signal processing module, a digital acquisition processing module, a frequency source, a down-conversion module and a filtering and amplifying module;
the antenna array, the filtering and amplifying module, the down-conversion module, the digital acquisition and processing module and the signal processing module are sequentially connected; the frequency source is respectively connected with the signal processing module and the down-conversion module;
the antenna array is used for receiving radiation signals which are output by a plurality of radiation sources and have overlapping in time domain;
the signal processing module is used for generating a pseudo-random sequence for compression sampling of the radiation signal.
2. The direction-finding device based on multi-polarization vector antenna array compressed sampling of claim 1, wherein the number of array elements of the antenna array is larger than the number of receiving processing channels of the direction-finding device.
3. The multi-polarization vector antenna array compressive sampling based direction finding device of claim 1, wherein the antenna array is a multi-polarization vector antenna array.
4. A direction finding method based on the multi-polarization vector antenna array compressive sampling based direction finding device of any one of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring antenna array receiving data; the antenna array receives data which are radiation signals output by a plurality of radiation sources and overlapped on a time domain;
step 2, generating a pseudo-random sequence by using a signal processing module, and constructing a random observation matrix;
step 3, carrying out compression sampling on the antenna array received data by using the random observation matrix to obtain array compression sampling data;
step 4, compressing the sampled data according to the array to obtain a noise subspace;
and 5, determining the arrival angle of the data received by the antenna array according to the noise subspace.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein obtaining the data received by the antenna array comprises:
in space of consideration
Figure 385655DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The number of far-field signals incident on the array element is
Figure 952772DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
On the antenna array, wherein
Figure 671329DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The far-field signal has an angle of arrival of
Figure 859865DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 435203DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
is in the range of 1 to
Figure 974768DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
Figure 480705DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
，
Figure 789327DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Within time, the antenna array receives data
Figure 535566DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Comprises the following steps:
Figure 562428DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 357208DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
，
Figure 769604DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is composed of
Figure 952324DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The flow pattern of the dimensional array,
Figure 200902DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
is composed of
Figure 799374DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
The vector of the dimensional signal is then calculated,
Figure 82588DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is shown as
Figure 170629DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
The number of the signals is such that,
Figure 176280DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
represents a mean of 0 and a variance of
Figure 578442DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Complex white gaussian noise of (a);
Figure 716162DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
is the Kronecker product of the polarization steering vector and the space steering vector,
Figure 975105DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 198276DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
is a space-domain guide vector, and the space-domain guide vector,
Figure 653397DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
in order to steer the vector in the polarization domain,
Figure 380045DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
in order to be the auxiliary angle of polarization,
Figure 278731DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
is the polarization phase difference.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein step 3 is specifically:
by using
Figure 785935DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Dimension random observation matrix
Figure 529901DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Receiving data to an antenna array
Figure 625901DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Performing compression sampling to obtain
Figure 429909DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Time of day array compressed sampling data
Figure 424410DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 972066DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
is less than
Figure 938885DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
；
Figure 163062DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 379280DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
is that
Figure 730627DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Multi-channel data of time of day, hence
Figure 286373DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Wei, if is
Figure 697763DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Within time, then
Figure 401276DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
The dimension matrix is a matrix of dimensions,
Figure 542932DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
corresponding to the number of the receiving and processing channels of the direction-finding device,
Figure 484343DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
is composed of
Figure 801055DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
The array flow pattern is compressed in dimension,
Figure 195128DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
the noise after compression sampling;
Figure 685015DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Figure 464621DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Figure 952234DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 833602DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
is as follows
Figure 127180DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
After compression of the signal
Figure 777605DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
A guide vector of dimensions;
Figure 419807DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
is composed of
Figure 788472DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
To (1) a
Figure 620162DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
An element, representing
Figure 390671DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
After the far-field signal is compressed
Figure 220087DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Responses on individual channels;
Figure 59736DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
for random observation matrix
Figure 695117DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
To middle
Figure 54554DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
Line, first
Figure 54871DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
A column element;
Figure 132548DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is as follows
Figure 571620DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
A response over a vector array of element antennas;
Figure 297481DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
a down-conversion module, a multi-channel digital acquisition module and a pair
Figure 468699DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Performing multi-channel digital sampling on the signals compressed in time to obtain array compression sampling data
Figure 33673DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Wherein, in the step (A),
Figure 214118DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
which represents the sample points, the sampling points,
Figure 344885DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
to represent
Figure 201852DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Fast beat number in time.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step 4 comprises:
step 41, calculating a covariance matrix of array compression sampling data;
and 42, carrying out eigenvalue decomposition on the covariance matrix to extract a noise subspace.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein step 41 is specifically:
compressing sampled data for an array
Figure 988542DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
Calculating a covariance matrix to obtain
Figure 707099DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 957952DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
in the form of a covariance matrix,
Figure 736552DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
is composed of
Figure 525386DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure 782055DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
is composed of
Figure 90676DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure 836915DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
is composed of
Figure 598198DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure 907825DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
is a mathematical expectation;
the step 42 specifically includes:
for covariance matrix
Figure 70954DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
Carrying out eigenvalue decomposition; wherein the characteristic value
Figure 988094DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
The corresponding eigenvector spans a signal subspace of
Figure 502252DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
Characteristic value
Figure 100724DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
The corresponding feature vector spans a noise subspace of
Figure 370555DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
And is and
Figure 927439DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
and
Figure 460051DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
are orthogonal to each other.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the step 5 is specifically:
performing MUSIC spectral peak search according to formula (1), determining the arrival angle of the signal according to the position of the spectral peak,
Figure 127793DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
(1)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 734355DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
the angle of arrival grid points are represented,
Figure 711407DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
searching the number of lattice points for the pitch and the azimuth,
Figure 731315DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
representing angle of arrival grid points
Figure 937169DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
The corresponding steering vector is set to the corresponding steering vector,
Figure 663816DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
is composed of
Figure 562502DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
The conjugate transpose matrix of (a) is,
Figure 804128DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
representing angle of arrival grid points
Figure 62940DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
The corresponding spectral peak; in space
Figure 175252DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The far field signals correspond to the arrival angle grid points,
Figure 713681DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
the maximum value of the spectrum peak can appear, so the arrival angle lattice point corresponding to the maximum value of the spectrum peak is passed
Figure 911444DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Can obtain
Figure 255838DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
Measurement of the angle of arrival.
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