CN116116390A - 一种高强度多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116116390A CN116116390A CN202310176004.4A CN202310176004A CN116116390A CN 116116390 A CN116116390 A CN 116116390A CN 202310176004 A CN202310176004 A CN 202310176004A CN 116116390 A CN116116390 A CN 116116390A
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- polysaccharide
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- inorganic
- inorganic nanoparticle
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机‑无机复合材料制备领域,特别涉及一种高强度多糖‑无机纳米粒子复合整体柱及其制备方法。所选无机纳米粒子表面富含羟基,可通过氢键作用与多糖高分子相结合,起到了很好的物理交联作用,再辅以后续的化学交联,得到一种性能优良的多糖‑无机纳米粒子复合整体柱。蛋白吸附和应力应变曲线试验表明该复合整体柱生物相容性良好,机械强度比单纯的多糖整体柱提高了2.1倍,进一步接枝聚合物刷后复合整体柱对抗体IgG的静态吸附量达到85mg/g整体柱,比单纯的多糖整体柱提高了1.4倍。该复合整体柱在酶的固定化、细胞培养以及生物大分子的快速分离纯化领域具有广泛的应用空间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机-无机复合材料制备领域,特别涉及一种高强度多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱及其制备方法。
背景技术
诞生于20世纪90年代的整体柱又称连续棒,是继多糖、交联与涂渍、单分散之后的第四代色谱分离介质。整体柱通常具有高孔隙率和1-2μm的贯穿孔,因而渗透率高,传质阻力小,可以在高流速小操作,近年来在分离科学领域受到广泛关注,尤其适用于蛋白、抗体等生物大分子的快速分离分析。整体柱按化学组成分类,主要包括硅胶整体柱、聚合物整体柱、多糖整体柱和有机-无机杂化整体柱。硅胶整体柱一般采用溶胶-凝胶法制备,机械强度高,孔道规整,在分离离烷基苯、多肽等小分子方面表现良好,但是硅胶不耐酸碱,对蛋白会有非特异性吸附,不适合作为生物大分子分离介质。聚合物整体柱主要是通过单体自由基聚合来制备,可选单体多元化,机械强度和化学稳定性好,但是聚合过程中产生的宏观相分离导致骨架均匀性差,缺乏介孔结构,同时整体柱的生物相容性也需要关注,分离生物大分子的效率较低。多糖类整体柱主要是通过热诱导相分离、冰凝诱导自组装、离子液体等方法制备。主要优势在于生物相容性好,对蛋白的非特异性吸附低,表面富含羟基容易衍生,但是多糖整体柱的最大问题是机械强度低,即使经过交联也很难在高流速下操作,这严重限制了多糖整体柱在快速分离生物大分子方面的应用。
有机-无机复合材料可以充分发挥材料各自的优势,是近年来材料领域的研究热点(Anal.Chim.Acta,2018,1031,15-27)。有文献报道(Journal of Nanomaterials,2018,1-12)通过水热法制备的石墨烯/纳米纤维素杂化整体柱,比表面积达到486.43m2/g,比未添加之前增加了4倍,机械强度也增加了5倍,该复合整体柱在吸附回收水中甲基蓝染料方面效果显著。
发明内容
本发明克服了目前多糖整体柱机械强度低、不耐高压只能在低流速下操作的缺陷,采用有机溶剂作为致孔剂,无机纳米粒子作为物理交联剂,通过氢键作用与多糖分子链紧密结合形成均匀的网络结构,辅以后续简单化学交联,通过乳液模板法制备得到高强度多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱。该复合整体柱在固定化酶(细胞)生物反应器以及生物大分子的快速分离纯化领域具有很大应用潜力。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种高强度多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在多糖水溶液中加入一定浓度的不同无机纳米粒子混合均匀后得到水相,将表面活性剂和不溶于水的有机溶剂混合均匀并升到一定温度后作为油相。在机械搅拌的条件下将油相分散到水相当中,乳化一定时间后形成稳定的水包油(O/W)乳液。
(2)用注射器将步骤(1)得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的不锈钢或玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时,最后再分别用乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
(3)用蠕动泵向步骤(2)得到的整体柱中循环打入化学交联剂与碱的混合液,在一定温度下进行化学交联反应,反应一段时间后依次用乙醇和去离子水清洗整体柱,
即可得到多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱。
步骤(1)中的所述的多糖选自琼脂糖、淀粉、魔芋葡甘聚糖、纤维素的一种。不同多糖水溶液的制备条件不同:对于琼脂糖和淀粉,需要加热到90℃以上使其溶解;魔芋葡甘聚糖需要先用酸降解再加碱液溶解得到水溶液;纤维素水溶液可以采用离子液体或氢氧化钠-尿素-水体系溶解。多糖溶液浓度为0.1-50%(w/w),优选4-20%(w/w)。
步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂可选用环己烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、烃类及卤代烃,如二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、石油醚等,芳香化合物及其卤代物,如甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯等。以上所述物质中的一种或至少两种的混合物作为溶剂,例如环己烷/乙酸乙酯,四氯化碳,二氯乙烷/二甲苯/环己烷等上述物质的任意组合均可作为油相。
步骤(1)中的无机纳米粒子可选用Mxene、氧化石墨烯、纳米SiO2、纳米锂藻土、羟基碳纳米管和纳米羟基磷灰石中的一种或几种。无机纳米粒子表面富含羟基,其添加浓度是本发明的关键步骤,浓度过小复合整体柱的机械强度不够,浓度过大会导致复合整体柱的孔隙率降低,无机纳米粒子的加入量以多糖质量为基准为0.1-30%,优选1-10%。
步骤(1)中所述的乳化剂选自司班类乳化剂、纤维素类、吐温类乳化剂、油酸钠、PO-500、Arlacel 83、锂基脂中的一种或至少两种的混合物,油相乳化剂的浓度以油相质量为基准为0.5-10%。
步骤(1)中所述的水相与油相体积比为10:1-1:4;操作温度20-90℃;机械搅拌速度100-1500rpm;乳化时间为10-100min。
步骤(2)中的化学交联剂可选用环氧氯丙烷、环氧氯丙烷-多元醇衍生物、二环氧丁烷、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、单环氧基或多环氧基的化合物及含有活泼卤素化合物等多官能团化合物的一种或至少两种的混合物,以上物质的任意组合即可用作本发明交联剂。交联剂用量占水相体积的15-50%。
步骤(2)中的碱可选用氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钡中的至少一种或是它们的混合物,加入后确保最终水相碱浓度的范围0.1-10M。
步骤(2)中交联温度为10-80℃。交联反应时间为1-24h。反应结束后,经过多次洗涤即可得到多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱。
通过以上步骤最终得到骨架为多糖高分子与无机纳米粒子复合物的高强度多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱。
本发明的有益之处在于:
本发明利用无机纳米粒子作为物理交联剂,辅以后续化学交联,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱。与已有的商品化多糖整体柱相比,本发明的多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱表面结构均匀,骨架机械强度明显提高,操作流速远高于商品化整体柱,提高了分离效率。该复合整体柱进一步衍生后在酶的固定化、细胞培养以及生物大分子的快速分离纯化领域具有广泛的应用空间。
附图说明
图1实施例1中琼脂糖-MXene复合整体柱的扫描电镜照片;
图2实施例1与对比例中多糖整体柱的机械强度对比图;
图3实施例1与对比例中整体柱化学衍生后对抗体的静态吸附曲线。
具体实施方法
本发明的具体实施方法如下:
实施例1:
1)称取琼脂糖(1.0g)和MXene(0.075g)置入50ml圆底烧瓶中,加入25ml超纯水搅拌加热至90℃使琼脂糖溶解。将掺杂MXene的琼脂糖溶液在水浴锅中冷却至60℃备用。将1.0ml司班80加入到11.5ml环己烷中混合均匀并加热到60℃。将上述得到的水相和油相溶液在60℃下充分搅拌混合均匀得到O/W乳液。
2)用注射器将步骤(1)得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时,最后再分别用乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
3)将4mL 40%的NaOH溶液和8mL交联剂环氧氯丙烷混合均匀,用蠕动泵将混合液注入到步骤(2)得到的整体柱中进行循环交联反应,反应温度50℃。反应4小时后,依次用乙醇和去离子水完全清洗交联之后的整体柱。即可得到高强度琼脂糖-MXene复合整体柱。
交联后整体柱于4℃保存。
实施例2:
1)称取琼脂糖(1.0g)、锂藻土(0.06g)置入50ml圆底烧瓶中作为水相,加入25ml超纯水搅拌加热至90℃使琼脂糖溶解。将掺杂锂藻土的琼脂糖溶液在水浴锅中冷却至60℃备用。将0.5ml PO-500加入到24.5ml甲苯中混合均匀并加热到60℃。将上述得到的水相和油相溶液在60℃下充分搅拌混合均匀得到O/W乳液。
2)用注射器将步骤(1)得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时最后再分别用无水乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
3)将4mL 40%的NaOH溶液和8mL交联剂环氧氯丙烷混合均匀,用蠕动泵将混合液注入到步骤(2)得到的整体柱中进行循环交联反应,反应温度50℃。反应4小时后,依次用乙醇和去离子水完全清洗交联之后的整体柱。即可得到高强度琼脂糖-锂藻土复合整体柱。
交联后整体柱于4℃保存。
实施例3:
1)称取淀粉(1.0g)、氧化石墨烯(0.1g)置入50ml圆底烧瓶中作为水相,加入25ml超纯水搅拌加热至90℃使淀粉溶解。将掺杂氧化石墨烯的淀粉溶液在水浴锅中冷却至60℃备用。将1.0ml Arlacel 83加入到8.5ml环己烷中混合均匀并加热到60℃。将上述得到的水相和油相溶液在60℃下充分搅拌混合均匀得到O/W乳液。
2)用注射器将步骤(1)得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时最后再分别用无水乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
3)将4mL 40%的NaOH溶液和8mL交联剂1,4丁二醇二缩水甘油醚混合均匀,用蠕动泵将混合液注入到步骤(2)得到的整体柱中进行循环交联反应,反应温度50℃。反应4小时后,依次用乙醇和去离子水完全清洗交联之后的整体柱。即可得到高强度淀粉-氧化石墨烯复合整体柱。交联后整体柱于4℃保存。
实施例4:
1)称取纤维素(1.0g)、纳米SiO2(0.05g)置入50ml圆底烧瓶中作为水相,加入25ml纤维素溶解液(氢氧化钠:尿素:水=7:12:81)搅拌加热至80℃使纤维素溶解。将掺杂纳米SiO2的纤维素溶液在水浴锅中冷却至60℃备用。将0.8ml司班85加入到12ml二甲苯中混合均匀并加热到60℃。将上述得到的水相和油相溶液在60℃下充分搅拌混合均匀得到O/W乳液。
2)用注射器将步骤(1)得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时最后再分别用无水乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
3)将4mL 40%的NaOH溶液和8mL交联剂乙二醇二缩水甘油醚混合均匀,用蠕动泵将混合液注入到步骤(2)得到的整体柱中进行循环交联反应,反应温度50℃。反应4小时后,依次用乙醇和去离子水完全清洗交联之后的整体柱。即可得到高强度纤维素-SiO2复合整体柱。交联后整体柱于4℃保存。
实施例5:
1)称取琼脂糖(1.0g)、纳米羟基磷灰石(0.045g)置入50ml圆底烧瓶中作为水相,加入25ml超纯水搅拌加热至90℃使琼脂糖溶解。将掺杂纳米羟基磷灰石的琼脂糖溶液在水浴锅中冷却至60℃备用。将0.3ml司班80加入到8.0ml乙酸乙酯中混合均匀并加热到60℃。
将上述得到的水相和油相溶液在60℃下充分搅拌混合均匀得到O/W乳液。
2)用注射器将步骤(1)得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时最后再分别用无水乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
3)将4mL 40%的NaOH溶液和8mL交联剂环氧氯丙烷混合均匀,用蠕动泵将混合液注入到步骤(2)得到的整体柱中进行循环交联反应,反应温度50℃。反应4小时后,依次用乙醇和去离子水完全清洗交联之后的整体柱。即可得到高强度琼脂糖-纳米羟基磷灰石复合整体柱。交联后整体柱于4℃保存。
对比例:
1)称取琼脂糖(1.0g)置入50ml圆底烧瓶中作为水相,加入25ml超纯水搅拌加热至90℃
使琼脂糖溶解。将琼脂糖溶液在水浴锅中冷却至60℃备用。将1.0ml司班80加入到11.5ml环己烷中混合均匀并加热到60℃。将上述得到的水相和油相溶液在60℃下充分搅拌混合均匀得到O/W乳液。
2)用注射器将步骤(1)得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入到0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时最后再分别用无水乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
3)将4mL 40%的NaOH溶液和8mL交联剂环氧氯丙烷混合均匀,用蠕动泵将混合液注入到步骤(2)得到的整体柱中进行循环交联反应,反应温度50℃。反应4小时后,依次用石油醚、乙醇、去离子水完全清洗交联之后的整体柱。交联后整体柱于4℃保存。
效果实验:
为了验证本发明的多糖无机纳米粒子复合整体柱的生物相容性和机械强度,将实施例1中所制备的琼脂糖-MXene复合整体柱与对比例中所制备的琼脂糖整体柱对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的吸附作用进行了对比。整体柱的机械强度采用万能材料试验机(HY-0580)进行拉伸测试,试样厚度2mm,拉伸速度50mm/min,绘制应力应变曲线(附图2)。可以看出,对比例中没有添加MXene的琼脂糖整体柱的最大拉应力为0.22MPa,拉伸率为10%,而实例1中的琼脂糖-MXene复合整体柱的最大拉应力可达到0.47MPa,拉伸率为31%,说明添加MXene之后复合整体柱的机械强度明显提高。在pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液中,25℃时,不同整体柱对BSA的非特异性吸附作用,见表1。
表1实施例1中琼脂糖-MXene复合整体柱与对比例中琼脂糖整体柱对BSA的吸附量对比
结果表明,pH=7.4,25℃时,所制备的琼脂糖-MXene复合整体柱对BSA的吸附量与琼脂糖整体柱相当,说明添加MXene后并没有降低琼脂糖整体柱良好的生物相容性。也就是说,本发明所制备的多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱,仍然具有多糖的良好生物相容性,并且机械强度大大提高,是一种很有潜力的快流速抗体色谱基质。
为了验证整体柱分离抗体的性能。对实施例1和对比例中的整体柱进行化学衍生,偶联吸附抗体的聚合物刷。化学衍生条件如下:配制10mg/ml的乙烯基咪唑水溶液,加入1%的硝酸铈铵混合均匀,用蠕动泵将单体溶液打入整体柱,50℃下循环反应5h,用去离子水充分清洗整体柱,得到表面偶联聚乙烯咪唑聚合物刷的整体柱,合成路线如下:
通过紫外分光光度法测得实施例1和对比例的接枝率分别为39.2mg/ml整体柱和38.7mg/ml整体柱,并将这两根柱子对抗体hIgG的静态吸附量进行了对比(附图3)。从图中可以看出,衍生后的整体柱对IgG的吸附量随着抗体浓度的升高逐渐增大,衍生后的实施例1和对比例中的整体柱对抗体的静态平衡吸附量分别为85mg/g整体柱和63mg/g整体柱,说明MXene的加入不仅提高了整体柱的机械强度,还增加了整体柱的吸附容量,后者与整体柱的比表面积增加有关。
Claims (10)
1.一种高强度多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱及其制备方法,其特征在于步骤包括:
(1)在多糖水溶液中加入一定浓度的不同无机纳米粒子混合均匀后得到水相,将表面活性剂和不溶于水的有机溶剂混合均匀并升到一定温度后作为油相。在机械搅拌的条件下将油相分散到水相当中,乳化一定时间后形成稳定的水包油(O/W)乳液。
(2)用注射器将上述得到的乳液转移到一端带有橡胶塞的不锈钢或玻璃柱管中,接着在室温下将盛有乳液的柱管浸入0.3M的硫酸钠水溶液中一段时间,然后在4℃下冷却12小时,最后再分别用乙醇和去离子水通过蠕动泵冲洗掉整体柱中的有机溶剂和表面活性剂,得到多糖-无机纳米粒子整体柱。
(3)用蠕动泵向上述得到的整体柱中循环打入化学交联剂与碱的混合液,在一定温度下进行化学交联反应,反应一段时间后依次用乙醇和去离子水清洗整体柱,即可得到多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的多糖为琼脂糖、淀粉、魔芋葡甘聚糖、纤维素的至少一种,多糖溶液浓度0.1-50%(w/w),优选4-20%(w/w)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的油相选用环己烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、烃类及卤代烃、芳香化合物及其卤代物的一种或至少两种的混合物作为溶剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中的无机纳米粒子选用Mxene、氧化石墨烯、纳米SiO2、纳米锂藻土、羟基碳纳米管和纳米羟基磷灰石中的至少一种,无机纳米粒子加入量以多糖质量为基准为0.1-30%,优选1-10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的油相乳化剂选自司班类乳化剂、吐温类乳化剂、油酸钠、PO-500、Alarcel83、锂基脂中的一种或至少两种的混合物,油相乳化剂的浓度以油相质量为基准为0.5-10%。
6.根据权利1-5之一所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中水相与油相体积比为10:1-1:4;操作温度20-90℃;机械搅拌速度100-1500rpm;乳化时间为10-100min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的化学交联剂可选用环氧氯丙烷、环氧氯丙烷-多元醇衍生物、二环氧丁烷、1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、单环氧基或多环氧基的化合物及含有活泼卤素化合物等多官能团化合物的一种或至少两种的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的碱选用氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钡中的至少一种或是它们的混合物。
9.根据权利1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中交联温度为10-80℃。交联反应时间为2-24h。
10.一种由权利要求1所述的制备方法得到的多糖-无机纳米粒子复合整体柱,其特征在于所述整体柱的骨架是由多糖高分子与无机纳米粒子复合而成,可应用于酶的固定化、细胞培养以及生物大分子的快速分离纯化领域。
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