CN116113715A

CN116113715A - Industrial leather milling equipment with environmental impact improving function

Info

Publication number: CN116113715A
Application number: CN202180056029.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安东尼奥·加廖托
Original assignee: Erretre SpA
Current assignee: Erretre SpA
Priority date: 2020-08-07
Filing date: 2021-07-29
Publication date: 2023-05-12
Also published as: EP4192983A1; IT202000019624A1; WO2022029569A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an industrial breaking device (1, 50, 100, 150) for tannery leather with improved environmental impact, said industrial breaking device (1, 50, 100, 150) comprising: a milling drum (2, 152), the milling drum (2, 152) comprising a hollow body (3, 153), the hollow body (3, 153) being adapted to be rotated about an axis of symmetry (X) by motorized means and the leather to be treated being received inside the hollow body (3, 153); -a closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154), said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) operatively connecting said hollow body (3, 153) of said milling drum (2, 152) for inputting air (a) to said hollow body (3, 153) and outputting air (a) from said hollow body (3, 153), said air (a) being used to treat said leather; -a dust collector (5, 55, 105), the dust collector (5, 55, 105) being arranged outside and downstream of the hollow body (3, 153) of the milling drum (2, 152) along a path of the air (a) inside the closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) as a reference direction; -forced ventilation means (6, 56, 106), said forced ventilation means (6, 56, 106) being also arranged downstream of said dust collector (5, 55, 105) along said path of said air (a) inside said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) as a reference direction; -at least one exchange valve (7, 57, 107), said at least one exchange valve (7, 57, 107) being arranged downstream of said forced ventilation means (6, 56, 106) along said path of said air (a) inside said closed circuit (4, 54) as a reference direction; and one or more resistances (8, 58, 108, 158), said one or more resistances (8, 58, 108, 158) being also arranged downstream of said exchange valve (7, 57, 107) along said path of said air (a) inside said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) as a reference direction. In particular, the industrial leather milling device (1, 50, 100, 150) of the invention comprises a purifying means (9, 59, 109, 159) of the air (a), the additional purifying means (9, 59, 109, 159) being arranged outside the hollow body (3, 153) of the milling drum (2, 152), being arranged uniformly on the closed circuit (5, 55, 105) and externally downstream of the dust collector (5, 55, 105), operatively connected to an actuating means which activates the additional purifying means (9, 59, 109, 159) to at least reduce unhealthy odours coming from the milling drum (2, 152) accompanying the air (a).

Description

Industrial leather milling equipment with environmental impact improving function

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an industrial milling device for tanneries leather (or similar flexible and special laminar surfaces) which has a more improved environmental impact than prior art devices, since it is provided with a purification system of the off-flavors of the air released from the rotating drum subordinate to the device, in which the leather is treated by water and/or dedicated chemical products.

Background

Notably, in the tanning industry, the term "tumbleness" means the treatment of leather in a machine (known as a "drum") that performs to prepare the leather for tanning and subject it to a tanning, dyeing or oiling process.

Typically, parameters of the prescription of the break-down cycle include:

-temperature inside the rotating milling drum, and

-thus, relative humidity.

These parameters are the main parameters of the tumbling cycle, however, these main parameters also include other parameters such as the operating speed of the drum (i.e. the rotational speed), the total time of the tumbling cycle, the chemical product introduced into the drum, as well as the type of leather being treated in the drum, the purity level of the air introduced into the drum, etc.

More particularly, the milling is a mechanical type process performed on any type of special fabric (usually animal leather) to give the product an aged or wrinkled appearance, making it more flexible and eliminating any wrinkles present and thus preparing it for the next processing step.

In fact, the material is subjected to mechanical action due to its rolling inside a basket or hollow cylindrical drum (usually perforated) which constitutes the main part of the machine (or drum) and which operates substantially by rotating about a transversal (usually horizontal) axis.

While mechanically acting, the material inside the cylindrical basket (or drum) can be conditioned by air subjected to predetermined temperature and humidity conditions.

Finally, the product is cooled by circulating cold air inside a cylindrical drum, which is the main component of the milling drum. More or less strong influence on the leather can be achieved by varying the processing time.

Generally, known apparatus for the tumbling of leather to be subjected to simple compacting operations (the latter term is commonly used in the tanning industry to indicate the leather processing aimed at softening the leather by mechanical shaking of the inside of the drum under prescribed temperature and humidity conditions) comprise a tumbling drum, which in turn comprises a generally cylindrical hollow body suitable for being placed in rotation about an axis of symmetry by motorized means and in which the leather to be treated is received.

The known type of apparatus for the softening of leather also comprises a closed circuit (in the form of one or more tubes) operatively connected to the cylindrical and rotating hollow body of the softening drum for the passage of air into and out of the hollow body itself for the treatment of leather.

Furthermore, typical prior art apparatus for the breaking of leather include dust collectors (for cleaning air) and forced ventilation means (such as fans); the dust collector is arranged outside the cylindrical hollow body of the milling drum (from which air is received) and downstream of the hollow body along an air path in a closed circuit as a conventional reference direction; the forced ventilation device is arranged downstream of the dust collector along an air path in a closed circuit as a reference direction.

In its basic aspect, a prior art conventional fracturing device comprises at least one crossover valve and a set of resistors; the at least one exchange valve is arranged downstream of the forced ventilation device along an air path inside the closed circuit as a reference direction; the set of resistors is also arranged downstream of the exchange valve and outside the cylindrical hollow body along an air path inside the closed circuit as reference direction.

In particular, the dust collector is mounted outside the milling drum immediately downstream of (as opposed to) the outlet of the cylindrical hollow body; and provides a universal purification system for air leaving the hollow body itself, typically of the filter sleeve (or bag) type, supported by a support structure and enclosed by an outer housing that prohibits uncontrolled access by anyone (unless, of course, the component parts are disassembled).

Filter sleeves are well known for drying and liquid industrial dust collection, depending on the material from which they are made (ranging from, for example, polyester to polypropylene, cotton, wool-nylon compounds or technical fabrics), by separation of particles, dust or impurities suspended in air (first, residues of leather being processed in a rotating drum).

Essentially, the impurities in the air entering the filtering sleeve of the dust collector gradually adhere to the inner wall of the sleeve itself and they are poured downwards from there by gravity until they accumulate in a removable collection box located in the lower part of the dust collector and accessible to the operator.

The filter sleeves are periodically subjected to maintenance in the factory (which is possible, as mentioned, by removing only the outer housing of the dust collector), typically once a week or once every ten to fifteen days depending on the operational choice, while the removable collection drawers are emptied more frequently, even twice or three times a week.

Despite the basic and effective functioning of the dust collectors, the negative facts still remain in the leather sector, the air leaving the drum and then the dust collectors still has a pungent and uncomfortable smell and still contains finer and residual volatile substances (generally molecules produced by the leather processing) which continue to be recycled in a closed circuit and are therefore again disadvantageously introduced into the rotating drum, with the exception that when the exchange valve downstream of the ventilation means is opened; however, the exchange valve disperses the substance to the environment (outside or inside the building) along with the off-flavors.

In addition, the odor generated by the processing of the leather inside the rotating milling drum penetrates to some extent the leather itself: even after many and continuous processing steps are performed in the tanning industry, they carry this off-flavor and until they are applied to the finished article of manufacture (such as a sofa or car seat) and the finished article of manufacture is used in a home or closed environment (such as, for example, the living room of a house or the passenger compartment of a car).

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention therefore proposes to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks starting from the recognition of the drawbacks suffered by the prior art considered for this.

In particular, the main object of the present invention is to provide an industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact, which allows to eliminate or at least substantially reduce the extra, unhealthy, harshness, intense, and in any case uncomfortable, off-flavors, which are produced by the leather being processed in the milling drum and are present in the air, which is recycled or discharged into the environment in the closed circuit of the device itself.

In other words, the main object of the present invention is to make use of an industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact, which allows to improve the quality of the air that circulates in a closed circuit of said device and is periodically released into the external environment of the device (which may be the closed environment of the plant or the open air environment outside the plant) through the opening of the vent valve.

Within this aim, the task of the present invention is therefore to devise an industrial leather-milling device that promotes healthier or at least more comfortable working conditions for the operators in the manufacturing plant, compared to the prior art, in which such a device is present.

Another task of the present invention is to indicate an industrial leather-milling device that has an environmental impact (in terms of atmospheric emissions) that is far better than the known equivalent devices, thus also guaranteeing healthier and therefore safer conditions for the personnel in the environment outside the plant, not only frequently or permanently, but also only temporarily, in which the device is installed.

Another task of the present invention is to prepare an industrial leather-milling device that allows to obtain an overall disinfection of its component elements, in particular of the milling drum in which the treatment of the leather is actually carried out.

A non-final object of the present invention is to provide an industrial leather-milling device that promotes to a certain extent a greater degree of disinfection (in terms of deodorization) than the leathers provided by the prior art: typical residual odors (such as car seats or household chairs) on the finished articles of manufacture in which the leather is used are substantially eliminated or at least greatly reduced.

The object is achieved by an industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact as shown in the appended claim 1, which is mentioned here for the sake of brevity.

Further detailed technical features of the industrial breaking device for tannery leathers of the invention are included in the corresponding dependent claims.

The preceding claims, which are specifically and distinctly defined below, are an integral part of the present description.

Advantageously, the industrial leather-milling device of the present invention can improve the quality of the air circulated in a closed circuit belonging to the industrial leather-milling device and the environment into which the air is periodically discharged, with respect to the background art.

In the present invention, the air circulating in the closed circuit of the apparatus is treated downstream of the milling drum and therefore comes from and leaves the rotating hollow body (cylindrical or octagonal) of the milling drum in which the mechanical processing and conditioning of the leather takes place.

This is advantageous in that the industrial leather-milling device of the invention comprises additional means for purifying, deodorizing, disinfecting, purifying or sterilizing the air; these additional means are arranged outside the hollow body of the milling drum, in correspondence with a closed circuit and externally downstream of the dust collector, operatively connected to actuation means suitable for activating such additional purification means not only to reduce but also almost completely eliminate unhealthy and uncomfortable odours accompanying the air coming from the milling drum, which is permeated by the odours emanating from the animal leather being treated.

Equally advantageous, the industrial leather-milling device of the present invention provides more comfortable working conditions for the operators of the production plant in which it is installed, with respect to the prior art, thanks to the substantial elimination of the bad smell of the air which circulates in the device and is discharged to the environment.

Equally advantageously, the industrial leather-milling device of the present invention is also more respected to the environment outside the factory in which the device itself is installed, since this external environment is also positively affected by the innovations deriving from the invention, which ensures that the air in which the typical odours deriving from the processing of leather are practically absent or present in irrelevant quantities.

More advantageously, the industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact of the present invention also facilitates a greater degree of disinfection, purification or deodorization of the leather than provided by the prior art techniques, so that the finished goods (such as car seats or sofas, armchairs or highback chairs) also obtained with leather are substantially free of typical and uncomfortable residual odours, which affect at least at the emotional level the opinion of the quality of the leather to be worked, which leather is received and purchased from tanning companies represented by the manufacturer (and final retailers) of such finished goods manufactured.

Advantageously, the additional purification means present in the industrial leather-milling device of the present invention allow an advantageous overall sterilization of the component elements of the device, in particular the milling drum housing the treated leather.

Drawings

These objects and advantages, which will become more apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of an industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact, according to the present invention, given by way of indicative and non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic and exemplary side view of a first variant embodiment of the apparatus for softening leather according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic and exemplary side view of a second variant embodiment of the leather-milling device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic and exemplary side view of a third variant embodiment of the leather-milling device of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic and exemplary side view of a fourth variant embodiment of the leather-milling device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

A first embodiment of the industrial leather-milling device of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, wherein the industrial leather-milling device is indicated as a whole by reference numeral 1.

As described above, the industrial breaking device 1 includes:

a milling drum 2, the milling drum 2 comprising a hollow body 3 (for example cylindrical or octagonal), the hollow body 3 being rotated about an axis of symmetry X (generally horizontal) by motorized means (not shown for the sake of simplicity) and the leather to be treated being received inside the hollow body 3 to soften them by mechanical shaking;

a closed circuit 4, the closed circuit 4 being operatively connected to the hollow body 3 of the milling drum 2 to allow the introduction and extraction of air a from the hollow body 3, which air can be used for the aforesaid so-called compaction treatment of the leather;

a dust collector 5, the dust collector 5 being arranged outside the hollow body 3 of the drum 2 (from which the air a is received) for cleaning particles, impurities or volatile dust of the air a released by the leather, and downstream of the hollow body 3 along a path of the air a inside the closed circuit 4 as a hypothetical or conventional reference direction;

a forced ventilation device, indicated as a whole by the reference numeral 6, and comprising, for example, a fan arranged downstream of the dust collector 5 along the path of the air a inside the closed circuit 4 as a reference direction;

an exchange valve 7, the exchange valve 7 also being arranged downstream of the forced ventilation device 6 along the path of the air a in the closed circuit 4 as a reference direction;

a single (in particular and preferred cases) resistor 8, the single resistor 8 being arranged outside the rotating hollow body 3 and still following the path of the air a inside the closed circuit 4 as reference direction, downstream of the exchange valve 7.

According to the invention, the industrial milling device 1 for leather with improved environmental impact of the present invention comprises additional purifying means of the air a, indicated as a whole by the reference numeral 9, arranged outside the hollow body 3 of the milling drum 2, uniformly arranged on the closed circuit 4, and externally and conveniently arranged downstream of the dust collector 5, operatively connected to actuating means (not shown) suitable for activating the additional purifying means 9 to at least reduce unhealthy and uncomfortable odours from said milling drum 2 accompanying the air a.

By way of a preferred but non-limiting example, the dust collector 5 is of the classical type with filter sleeves (or bags) 10, 11 (generally two), the filter sleeves (or bags) 10, 11 being used to collect dust of the air flow, made of a material with adhesive or retention capacity selected from the group consisting of fabrics (in the form of short fibers, continuous threads or monofilaments), felts or similar materials of natural and/or artificial fibers (for example, in the form of the materials identified above); the dust collector 5 comprises, in its lower portion 5a, a removable collection tank 12, in which removable collection tank 12 particles, impurities or volatile dust P of leather are accumulated, which are initially suspended in the air a captured by the

inner walls

10a,11a of the

respective filtering sleeve

10, 11.

In a particular and preferred but not exclusive way, the additional purification device 9 of the air a comprises an ozonizer 13, the ozonizer 13 being arranged inside a delivery pipe (only schematically shown in the accompanying diagram 1/1, in which it is indicated with reference numeral 14) of the air a belonging to the closed circuit 4.

Preferably, the ozonator 13 comprises any one of an ozone generator selected from the group consisting of a crown effect generator (a preferred and best performing solution in industrial applications of the present invention), a battery generator, an ultraviolet lamp, an electrolytic battery and/or combinations thereof.

Fig. 1 shows that an additional purification, disinfection or sterilization device 9 is typically also installed upstream of the resistor 8; in particular, in this case, they are installed upstream of the forced ventilation device 6.

It will be appreciated that in other constructional variants of the industrial leather milling device with improved environmental impact of the invention (not shown in the following figures), the additional air cleaning means may comprise, according to design choice, more than one ozonator mounted on a closed circuit as required and in any case upstream of the resistor and downstream of the dust collector.

The specific installation of the ozonator 13 provided in the industrial apparatus 1 of the present invention downstream of the dust collector 5 (it is understood that the

filter sleeves

10, 11 are housed in the load-bearing housing 15 outside the load-bearing housing 15) is convenient because it prevents the disadvantageous and inefficient absorption or consumption of the ozone thus produced by dust, particles or impurities P, which are separated from the air by the

filter sleeves

10, 11 in the dust collector 5.

On the other hand, the ozonizer 13 absorbs, degrades, or decomposes volatile organic substances (or charges) present in molecular form in the air a (such as odors), which are far finer than dust, particulates, or impurities P.

Furthermore, the provided ozonator 13 has the following advantages: allowing ozone to be generated directly on site and only when needed, required or planned and to function effectively against bacteria, viruses and moulds in the air a itself.

The constructional solution shown in fig. 1 is thus an effective and most suitable constructional solution of the invention in the existing solutions and is in any case practical, in particular in relation to the technical problems the invention itself aims to solve, providing the detection means 9 almost immediately upstream of the resistor 8 and not far from the dust collector 5, thus effectively fulfilling the need for balancing two at least partly conflicting positions.

The concentration of ozone produced by the ozonator 13 depends on the power of the electrochemical cell that generates the ozone, but this concentration can also be increased by increasing the concentration of oxygen in the air passing through the cell itself; this can basically be achieved in two different ways: the first by blowing oxygen in the vicinity of the electrochemical cell and the second by generating oxygen through chemical reactions in the vicinity of the cell itself. Thus, it is typically an organic or inorganic reaction capable of producing gaseous oxygen, respectively.

Preferably, but not necessarily, the actuation means comprise a central processing and control unit (not shown for the sake of simplicity of expression) electrically connected to the additional purifying means 9 of the air a to manage the operation, activation and deactivation cycles thereof and more generally the operation of the industrial plant 1 as a whole, such as storing the processed data.

Fig. 2 below shows another variant embodiment of the invention, in which the industrial leather-milling device (now indicated as a whole by reference numeral 50) differs from the previous one, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 1, only in the position of the additional purifying or purifying means (which are indicated as a whole by reference numeral 59) on the closed circuit 54; in fact, in this case, the additional cleaning device 59, while remaining upstream of the resistor 58, is mounted not only simply downstream of the dust collector 55, but also downstream of the forced ventilation device 56 and upstream of the exchange valve 57.

Thus, briefly, in the optional embodiment shown in fig. 2, an additional purge device 59 (such as an ozonator 60) is installed between the plenum 56 and the exchange valve 57; such alternative constructions are also very advantageous and useful for achieving the intended objects of the invention.

Another solution idea of the invention is shown in fig. 3, in which the industrial leather-milling device (now indicated as a whole by reference numeral 100) differs from those already described above, indicated as a whole by reference numerals 1 and 50, respectively, only in the position of the additional purifying means (indicated as a whole by reference numeral 109) on the closed circuit 104; in fact, in this case, the additional purification device 109 of the air a is installed upstream of the resistor 108 and downstream of the exhaust valve 107, and not only downstream of the dust collector 105 but also of the forced ventilation device 106.

Finally, fig. 4 shows another constructive solution of the present invention, in which an industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact (now indicated as a whole by reference numeral 150) differs from the three

industrial devices

1, 50 and 100 described above also in the position of an additional purifying device (indicated as a whole by reference numeral 159), which is in this case mounted downstream of the resistor 158 and upstream of the inlet 160 of the hollow body 153 of the milling drum 152.

This variant embodiment of the invention is also particularly suitable for evaluating whether any kind of particles, dust or impurities enter the closed circuit 154 and the hollow body 153 of the milling drum 102 from the outside; and, if desired, at least partial decontamination or disinfection of such entrances, such solutions of the invention appear to be most unsuitable for the technical problem the invention proposes to overcome.

From the foregoing description, it is therefore apparent that the industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact of the present invention achieves this aim and provides the advantages previously mentioned.

The industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact of the present invention allows to obtain a leather free from bad smell, with positive impact on downstream, such as in particular the satisfaction of the final customer (who aims to be the person purchasing tanned leather and handling it to obtain the finished product of the manufactured article, such as first car seats and furniture, but not excluding leather shoes and fashion accessories, such as bags and suitcases).

In practice, modifications can be made to the industrial leather milling device of the invention with improved environmental impact, comprising different numbers of resistors and exchange valves, for example compared to those previously described and illustrated in the figures, since these numbers can all be varied according to the constructive choices starting from one.

Furthermore, the following does not show other embodiments of the industrial leather-milling device specifically disclosed below, wherein the additional purifying means have a construction concept different from that described above, without compromising the advantages provided by the present invention.

Furthermore, in other embodiments of the industrial leather milling apparatus with improved environmental impact of the present invention (not shown in the list of figures), the additional air cleaning means may be arranged at several points along the closed circuit, so as to also comply with the basic requirements provided for the characterizing part of the attached original claim 1 (according to which the additional cleaning means are arranged outside the rotating hollow body of the milling drum and outside downstream of the dust collector); in such cases, where the air deodorizing level will be at a maximum or in any case strongly increased, the industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact of the present invention will be considered as one of the possible combinations of the embodiment versions described above and shown in the drawings.

Finally, it is evident that numerous other variants can be made to the industrial leather-milling device with improved environmental impact, without departing from the novel principles inherent to the inventive concept; as will be apparent, in practical embodiments of the invention, the materials, shapes and dimensions of the details shown may be any according to requirements and may be replaced by other technically equivalent elements.

Where constructional features and techniques mentioned in any subsequent claim are followed by reference numerals or numbers, such reference numerals are introduced for the sole purpose of increasing the intelligibility of the claims themselves and accordingly, such reference numerals do not have a limiting effect on the interpretation of each element identified by way of example only by such reference numerals.

Claims

1. An industrial device (1, 50, 100, 150) with improved environmental impact leather-breaking treatment, the industrial device (1, 50, 100, 150) comprising:

-a milling drum (2, 152), said milling drum (2, 152) comprising a hollow body (3, 153), said hollow body (3, 153) being suitable for being rotated about an axis of symmetry (X) by motorized means and said leather to be treated being received inside said hollow body (3, 153);

-a closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154), said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) operatively connecting said hollow body (3, 153) of said drum (2, 152) for inputting air (a) to said hollow body (3, 153) and outputting air (a) from said hollow body (3, 153), said air (a) being used to treat said leather;

-a dust collector (5, 55, 105), said dust collector (5, 55, 105) for cleaning particles, impurities or dust (P) of said air (a) released by said leather, arranged outside said hollow body (3, 153) of said milling drum (2, 152), and downstream of said hollow body (3, 153) along a path of said air (a) inside said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) as a reference direction;

-forced ventilation means (6, 56, 106), said forced ventilation means (6, 56, 106) being arranged downstream of said dust collector (5, 55, 105) along said path of said air (a) inside said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) as a reference direction;

-at least one exchange valve (7, 57, 107), said at least one exchange valve (7, 57, 107) being arranged downstream of said forced ventilation means (6, 56, 156) along said path of said air (a) inside said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) as a reference direction;

one or more resistances (8, 58, 108, 158), said one or more resistances (8, 58, 108, 158) being arranged downstream of said exchange valve (7, 57, 107) along said path of said air (a) inside said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) as a reference direction,

the industrial plant (1, 50, 100, 150) is characterized in that it comprises additional air (a) purifying means (9, 59, 109, 159), said additional air (a) purifying means (9, 59, 109, 159) being arranged outside the hollow body (3, 153) of the milling drum (2, 152), being arranged uniformly on the closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154) and being arranged externally downstream of the dust collector (5, 55, 105), being operatively connected to actuating means adapted to operate the additional purifying means (9, 59, 109, 159) to at least reduce the unpleasant smell from the milling drum (2, 152) accompanying the air (a).

2. The apparatus (1, 50, 100, 150) according to claim 1, characterized in that the dust collector (5, 55, 105) is of the type having a filter sleeve (or bag) (10, 11) for dust removal of a gaseous stream, the filter sleeve (10, 11) being made of a material having a gripping capacity, the material being selected from the group consisting of a fabric, a felt and/or similar materials.

3. The apparatus (1, 50, 100, 150) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said additional air (a) purifying device (9, 59, 109, 159) comprises at least one ozonator (13, 60), said at least one ozonator (13, 60) being arranged inside a delivery pipe (14) of said air (a) belonging to said closed circuit (4, 54, 104, 154).

4. The apparatus (1, 50, 100, 150) of claim 3, wherein the ozonator (13) comprises any one of an ozone generator selected from the group consisting of a crown effect generator, a battery generator, ultraviolet light, an electrolytic battery, and/or combinations thereof.

5. The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional air (a) purification device (9) is installed upstream of the forced ventilation device (6).

6. The apparatus (1, 50) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional air (a) purifying device (9, 59) is installed upstream of the exchange valve (7, 57).

7. The apparatus (50) of claim 6, wherein the additional air (a) purifying device (59) is installed downstream of the forced ventilation device (56).

8. The apparatus (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additional air (a) purifying device (109) is installed downstream of the exchange valve (107) and upstream of the resistor (108).

9. The apparatus (150) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additional air (a) purifying device (159) is mounted downstream of the resistor (158) and upstream of the inlet (160) of the hollow body (153) of the milling drum (152).

10. The apparatus (1, 50, 100, 150) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said actuation means comprise a central processing and control unit electrically connected to said additional purifying means (9, 59, 109, 159) of said air (a) to manage the operating cycle thereof.