CN116106854A - 一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法,通过对观测数据的协方差矩阵进行特征值分解,并对特征值进行排序,然后将构造的差分矩阵与特征值向量相乘,选取最大值下标作为信源数的初步估计值;然后,时延法估计过程中将构造的导向矢量与观测数据矩阵进行相乘后求平均值来获得方位谱,通过对比方位谱当前值与前后值的大小来确定信源数的个数。最后,将两种方法估计值的最大值作为最终的信源数,本发明方法理论简单,实现容易,估计准确,对于民用和军事应用具有重要参考价值与意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及通信雷达和声呐探测技术领域,具体涉及一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法。
背景技术
民用领域,采用声呐或雷达探测车辆附近的障碍物距离和个数,以及探测潜在未知目标的具体位置,都离不开目标个数的估计。因而在民用领域,探测潜在目标的数量对于自动驾驶和声呐定位具有重要经济价值。而在军事领域,采用雷达探测入侵飞行物个数,或者采用声呐技术探测水下潜航器的个数,对于掌握战争的主动权和实时信息具有重要战略作用。
当前,探测信源数的方法主要有盖世圆盘法、比值法、特征值法和信息论法等,这些方法虽然各有优点,但是也存在一定的使用条件,且存在一定的估计误差。
因此,亟需设计一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法,为后续的雷达和声呐探测目标的位置参数提供有利信息。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:根据阵列接收器接收到的观测数据,计算其协方差矩阵R;
S2:对协方差矩阵R做特征值分解,并对特征值按照从大到小的规则进行排列,从而形成一个新的特征向量F;
S3:在阵列天线个数为N的前提下,特征向量也将存在N个数值,构造一个行数为N列数为N-1的差分矩阵D; 首先,对矩阵D所有元素赋值0;然后,在行列数相同的位置赋值1;最后,在差分矩阵D每列中存在元素1的下一个位置赋值-1; S4:将特征向量与差分矩阵进行相乘,从而构成一个新的行向量;
S6:构造阵列导向矢量矩阵A;
基于直线阵,搜索角度范围为-90到90度,若搜索间隔采用1度,则存在181种搜索角度;其中,考虑阵列天线个数为N,故而导向矢量A是行数为N列数为181的矩阵;
S7:计算观测信号S与阵列导向矢量矩阵A的乘积,得到矩阵B;
S8:对矩阵B的每一列求均值,从而构造出一个列数为181的行向量P,其中,P的物理含义简称为方位谱;
S9:计算行向量P的最大值和中位数,并将中位数与最大值的平均值作为阈值;
S10:遍历方位谱P的每一个元素,寻找大于阈值的方位谱值,且满足当前值大于前一个时刻值和当前值大于后一时刻的值,将满足条件的方位谱值的个数N2记为时延法信源数的估计值;
其中,T表示转置的含义。
S2中,对协方差矩阵进行特征值分解,即
对特征值进行从大到小的排序,即得到新的特征值向量F:
S3中,差分矩阵D的构造为:
S6中,直线阵的导向矢量矩阵构造结果为:
S7中,获取矩阵B的计算公式为:
S8中,对B的每一列求均值,即得到方位谱P
P=mean(B) (9)
其中,mean为求均值操作。
S9中,阈值C的计算公式为
S10中,筛选条件记为
NN=max(N1,N2) (12)。
本发明的有益效果:针对各个单独的信源数估计方法存在一定误差的问题,本发明提出了一种联合差分矩阵法和时延法的信源数估计方法,该方法直接将矩阵与特征值向量相乘,通过寻找最大值下标来达到初步估计的目的;然后,将时延法应用到信源数估计中得到二次信源数估计值;最终,将两次估计的最大值作为最终的信源数;
本发明方法理论简单,实现容易,估计准确,对于民用和军事应用具有重要参考价值与意义。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1是本发明的流程图;
图2是本发明大噪声场景下差分矩阵法信源数估计曲线图示意图;
图3是本发明大噪声场景下时延法信源数估计曲线图示意图;
图4是本发明小噪声场景下差分矩阵法信源数估计曲线图示意图;
图5是本发明小噪声场景下时延法信源数估计曲线图示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
参阅图1,一种新的信源数估计方法:联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法,包括以下步骤:
其中,T表示转置的含义;
S2、对协方差矩阵进行特征值分解,即
其中,eig为特征值分解操作,b表示所有特征值,a为特征值对应的特征向量;
对特征值进行从大到小的排序,即得到新的特征值向量F:
其中,sort为从大到小的排序操作;
S3、在阵列天线个数为N的前提下,特征值向量也将存在N个数值,构造一个行数为N列数为N-1的差分矩阵D;
首先,对矩阵D所有元素赋值0;然后,在行列数相同的位置赋值1;最后,在差分矩阵D每列中存在元素1的下一个位置赋值-1,因此,差分矩阵D的构造结果为:
其中,max为求最大值操作;
S6、构造阵列导向矢量矩阵A,对于直线阵而言,搜索角度范围为-90到90度,若搜索间隔采用1度,则存在181个搜索角度,
其中,考虑阵列天线个数为N,故而导向矢量A是行数为N列数为181的矩阵,即:
S7、计算观测信号S与导向矢量A的乘积,得到矩阵B,即:
S8、对矩阵B的每一列求均值,从而构造出一个列数为181的行向量P,P的物理含义简称为方位谱,其计算公式为
P=mean(B) (9)
其中,mean为求均值操作;
S9、计算P的最大值和中位数,并将中位数与最大值的平均值作为阈值C,即有
S10、遍历方位谱P的每一个元素,寻找大于阈值的方位谱值,且满足当前值大于前一个时刻值和当前值大于后一时刻的值,该遍历过程的筛选条件记为
S11、联合差分矩阵法和时延法,提出将两者估计值的最大值NN作为最终的信源数,即
NN=max(N1,N2) (12)。
在一个具体的实施例中,模拟生成阵列窄带观测信号,假设阵列中阵元个数设置为128,快拍数设置为6400,声呐传播速度设置为1500m/s,基带信号频率设置为100Hz,接收机采样频率为1000Hz,阵元间距为波长的一半,波长参数可以通过声呐速度除以基带频率得到;
实验1:模拟信号源个数为2个,且入射方向分别为-40度和30度,对模拟仿真信号添加均值为0和方差为10的高斯白噪声,该噪声强度属于大噪声,由图3的差分矩阵法信号源数估计曲线可知,最大值对应的下标为2,即信号源数为2,由图3的时延法信号源数估计曲线可知,符合当前方位谱值大于前后方位谱值且大于阈值的仅有2个峰值点,故而该方法的信号源数估计值为2,结合图2和图3两种方法均得出信号源数为2的结果,故而最终信号源数估计值为2,与模拟仿真的信号源数保持一致;
实验2:模拟信号源个数为3个,且入射方向分别为-40度、25度和30度,对模拟仿真信号添加均值为0和方差为1的高斯白噪声,该噪声强度属于小噪声,由图4的差分矩阵法信号源数估计曲线可知,最大值对应的下标为2,即信号源数为2,由图5的时延法信号源数估计曲线可知,符合当前方位谱值大于前后方位谱值且大于阈值的仅有3个峰值点,故而该方法的信号源数估计值为3,结合图4和图5两种方法的估计值,故而最终信号源数估计值为3,与模拟仿真的信号源数保持一致。
以上对本发明的一个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:根据阵列接收器接收到的观测数据,计算其协方差矩阵R;
S2:对协方差矩阵R做特征值分解,并对特征值按照从大到小的规则进行排列,从而形成一个新的特征向量F;
S3:在阵列天线个数为N的前提下,特征向量也将存在N个数值,构造一个行数为N列数为N-1的差分矩阵D;
S6:构造阵列导向矢量矩阵A;
S7:计算观测信号S与阵列导向矢量矩阵A的乘积,得到矩阵B;
S9:计算方位谱P的最大值和中位数,并将中位数与最大值的平均值作为阈值;
S10:遍历方位谱P的每一个元素,寻找大于阈值的方位谱值,且满足当前值大于前一个时刻值和当前值大于后一时刻的值,将满足条件的方位谱值的个数N2记为时延法信源数的估计值;
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种联合差分矩阵和时延法的信源数估计方法,其特征在于,S3中,首先,对矩阵D所有元素赋值0;然后,在行列数相同的位置赋值1;最后,在差分矩阵D每列中存在元素1的下一个位置赋值-1。
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