CN116097447A - 包括二维电子气区域的管芯密封环 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文提供一种包括二维电子气的管芯密封环。一种半导体器件包括有源器件区域。所述有源器件区域包括:器件端子;以及管芯密封环,所述管芯密封环包括二维电子气区域,围绕所述有源器件区域。通过将所述器件端子电耦合到所述二维电子气区域,半导体侧壁处的电压可以被控制为基本上等于所述器件端子的电压。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年9月1日提交的美国临时申请第63/073,062号的权益,所述美国临时申请通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开内容总体上涉及管芯密封环,并且更具体地涉及包括二维电子气区域的管芯密封环。
背景技术
氮化镓(GaN)和其他宽带隙第三族氮化物基直接过渡半导体材料表现出高击穿电场并且有助于高电流密度。就此而言,在功率和高频应用中,GaN基半导体器件作为硅基半导体器件的替代物被积极研究。例如,相对于面积相当的硅功率场效应晶体管,GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)可以较高的击穿电压提供较低的比导通电阻(specific onresistance)。
功率场效应晶体管(FET)可以是增强型或耗尽型。增强型器件可以指当无施加的栅极偏压(bias)时(即,当栅极到源极偏压是零时)阻断电流(即,断开)的晶体管(例如,场效应晶体管)。相反,耗尽型器件可以指当栅极到源极偏压是零时允许电流(即,导通)的晶体管。
集成电路和功率FET通常使用密封环。密封环被形成在半导体管芯的与划片线相邻的外围处。
附图说明
参考以下附图描述了包括二维电子气(2DEG)区域的管芯密封环的非限制性和非穷举性实施方案,其中除非另有说明,否则相同的参考数字在所有各个视图中指代相同的部分。
图1例示了根据一实施方案的具有管芯密封环的半导体器件的俯视图。
图2A例示了根据图1的实施方案的管芯密封环的横截面。
图2B例示了根据图1的实施方案的管芯密封环延伸部的横截面。
图3A例示了二维电子气区域的横截面。
图3B例示了与图3A的横截面对应的一维导带图。
在附图的所有若干视图中,对应的参考字符指示对应的部件。技术人员将理解,附图中的元件是为了简化和清楚而例示的,并且不一定按比例绘制。例如,附图中的一些元件和层的尺寸可能相对于其他元件被夸大,以帮助改善对本文的教导的各实施方案的理解。此外,通常未描绘在商业上可行的实施方案中有用的或必要的常见但容易理解的元件、层和/或制程步骤,以便于较不妨碍对包括二维电子气区域的管芯密封环的这些各实施方案的查看。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,阐述了许多具体细节,以提供对包括二维电子气区域的管芯密封环的透彻理解。然而,对于本领域普通技术人员将明了的是,不需要采用具体细节来实践本文的教导。在其他情况下,未详细描述众所周知的材料或方法,以避免模糊本公开内容。
贯穿本说明书提及“一个实施方案(one embodiment)”、“一实施方案(anembodiment)”、“一个实施例(one example)”或“一实施例(an example)”意味着,结合该实施方案或实施例描述的具体特征、结构、方法、制程和/或特性被包括在包括二维电子气区域的管芯密封环的至少一个实施方案中。因此,贯穿本说明书在各个地方出现的短语“在一个实施方案中”、“在一实施方案中”、“一个实施例”或“一实施例”不一定全指代相同的实施方案或实施例。此外,具体特征、结构、方法、制程和/或特性可以在一个或多个实施方案或实施例中以任何合适的组合和/或子组合进行组合。另外,应理解,随此提供的附图用于向本领域普通技术人员进行解释的目的,并且附图不一定按比例绘制。
在本申请的上下文中,当晶体管处于“断开状态”或“断开”时,晶体管阻断电流和/或基本上不传导电流。相反,当晶体管处于“导通状态”或“导通”时,晶体管能够显著地传导电流。此外,出于本公开内容的目的,“接地”或“接地电势”指参考电压或电势,电子电路、器件或集成电路(IC)的所有其他电压或电势都相对于该参考电压或电势来定义或测量。
此外,在本申请的上下文中,阻断电流同时支持中到高电压的功率场效应晶体管也可以被称为高电压场效应晶体管。例如,横向场效应晶体管(FET)可以被配置为以高漏极到源极电压阻断电流。在一个应用中,横向FET可以是增强型场效应晶体管,并且横向FET可以被配置为在栅极到源极电压小于正阈值电压时阻断电流。例如,增强型场效应晶体管可以被配置为在栅极到源极电压基本上等于零伏特时阻断电流同时支持高漏极到源极电压(例如,七百伏特)。
在另一个应用中,横向FET可以是耗尽型场效应晶体管,并且横向FET可以与增强型场效应晶体管以共源共栅方式电耦合。以共源共栅方式耦合,耗尽型横向FET也可以阻断电流并且支持中到高电压,而增强型晶体管工作在断开状态。由于耗尽型横向FET的栅极到源极电压可以被强制为小于耗尽型阈值的负电压(例如,负二十伏特),因此以共源共栅方式耦合,耗尽型横向FET可以阻断电流同时支持高漏极到源极电压(例如,七百伏特)。
不幸地,半导体器件中的高漏极到源极电压可能导致可靠性故障。例如,当高电压朝向半导体器件的管芯的边缘(有时被称为侧壁)延伸时,高电压可能吸引来自空气或封装复合物(例如,模塑复合物)的湿气、离子和/或其它污染物。此外,具有表面场板的传统密封环被证明在减少GaN基半导体中高电压朝向侧壁的延伸方面是无效的;因此,需要开发一种用于GaN基半导体器件的密封环。
本文提供一种包括二维电子气的管芯密封环。一种半导体器件包括有源器件区域。所述有源器件区域包括:器件端子;以及管芯密封环,该管芯密封环包括二维电子气区域,围绕该有源器件区域。通过将所述器件端子电耦合到所述二维电子气区域,半导体侧壁处的电压可以被控制为基本上等于所述器件端子的电压。
图1例示了根据一实施方案的具有管芯密封环106的半导体器件100的俯视图。半导体器件100还包括有源器件区域110。如所例示的,管芯密封环106可以靠近半导体器件100的侧壁114,并且可以围绕有源器件区域110。
有源器件区域110可以是有源晶体管区域。例如,有源器件区域110可以包括横向高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)或高电压(功率)场效应晶体管(FET)。如上文所讨论的,功率FET可以是基于GaN的以有利地提供改进的中到高电压性能。例如,包括在氮化镓(GaN)层和氮化铝镓(AlGaN)层之间形成的异质结构的横向FET可以被用于中到高电压应用(例如,二百伏特(200V)和一千二百伏特(1200V)之间的电压)。
另外,有源器件区域110可以包括横向FET,该横向FET包括有源器件端子(例如,源极端子、栅极端子和漏极端子)。在一个实施方案中,有源器件端子可以使用条带形成。根据本文的教导,管芯密封环106可以包括二维电子气区域以缓和从有源器件区域朝向侧壁114延伸的高电压。
例如,在漏极端子(例如,漏极条带)具有高电压的断开状态期间,高电压可以靠近有源器件区域外围。如所例示的,管芯密封环延伸部123可以从管芯密封环106延伸以有助于与器件端子122的电连接。通过将二维电子气电连接到器件端子122(例如,源极端子或栅极端子),二维电子气的电压可以变得基本上等于器件端子122的电压。
因此,当器件端子122的电压是最低的相对电压(例如,接地电势)时,那么管芯密封环106的电压(即,二维电子气区域的电压)可以迫使侧壁电压基本上等于器件端子122的电压。在这样做时,可以减少或消除上述与高电压湿气相关的损害。
当半导体器件100是GaN基半导体器件时,那么在有源器件区域110的制程步骤期间可以利用二维电子气区域。例如,在GaN基制程中,管芯密封环106的二维电子气区域和管芯密封环延伸部123可以使用横向FET的相同的或类似的制程步骤形成。
就此而言,管芯密封环106可以具有与横向FET中的栅极区域的尺寸相当的尺寸140。例如,尺寸140可以在五微米和二十五微米之间。此外,管芯密封环106可以位于距侧壁一距离130内。在一个应用中,距离130可以在二微米和五十微米之间。
另外,如下文在图2A和图2B的论述中所呈现的,管芯密封环106和管芯密封环延伸部123可以与有源器件区域110物理地(即,横向地)隔离。
图2A例示了与图1的侧壁114和位置A之间的部段101对应的横截面201。如所例示的,部段101还包括管芯密封环106。如通过横截面201所示出的,管芯密封环106包括以下层:衬底202、二维电子气(2DEG)区域206、电介质208(例如,横向FET栅极电介质)、金属210(例如,横向FET栅极金属)和钝化212。
此外,如通过横截面201所示出的,除了金属210和二维电子气区域206之外,相邻区域207和相邻区域209包括与密封环106相同的层。代替具有形成二维电子气区域206的层,相邻区域207和相邻区域209具有与二维电子气区域206相邻的绝缘层204。绝缘层204可以将二维电子气区域206与侧壁114和有源器件区域110横向隔离和/或绝缘。
如本领域普通技术人员可以理解的,层(例如,衬底202和二维电子气区域206)的尺寸可以不按比例。此外,出于呈现的目的,一些层可能未被例示。例如,一些实施方案可以包括多层钝化层和/或金属层。在一个实施方案中,衬底可以是硅或蓝宝石;并且二维电子气区域206可以被形成在几微米厚的生长缓冲层(例如,外延层)之上。
另外,绝缘层204和二维电子气区域206可以包括具有在二十纳米和五十纳米之间的总厚度的GaN和/或AlGaN。在另一个实施方案中,可以通过注入氮(N)以破坏GaN晶格来产生绝缘层204。
图2B例示了与图1的侧壁114和位置B之间的部段121对应的横截面221。如所例示的,部段121还包括管芯密封环延伸部123。如通过横截面221所示出的,除了金属210之外,管芯密封环延伸部123包括与管芯密封环106相同的层。相反,管芯密封环延伸部123包括器件端子122,其可以是诸如金属或多晶硅的互连材料。
此外,如所例示的,器件端子122通过电介质208中的开口(例如,通孔或接触开口)电连接到二维电子气区域。
另外,除了二维电子气区域206之外,相邻区域227包括与管芯密封环延伸部123相同的层;并且除了器件端子122和二维电子气区域206之外,相邻区域229包括与管芯密封环延伸部123相同的层。类似于相邻区域207和相邻区域209,相邻区域227和相邻区域229包括绝缘层204。如上文所讨论的,绝缘层204可以将二维电子气区域206与侧壁114和有源器件区域110横向隔离和/或绝缘。
如上文关于图2A所讨论的,层的尺寸可以不按比例;另外,出于呈现的目的,可以排除层和/或互连层(例如,金属)的数目。例如,如下文所描述的,二维电子气区域206可以包括GaN;另外,绝缘层204可以包括已经通过离子注入被故意损坏的GaN。
图3A例示了二维电子气区域206的横截面300。横截面300示出了由绝缘体区域204横向隔离的二维电子气区域206。横截面300示出了在界面Y1和界面Y2之间绘制的线301。线301的尺寸可以与用于产生异质结的材料或材料层的厚度对应。
例如,图3B例示了与图3A的横截面对应的一维导带图302。导带图302例示了作为界面Y1和界面Y2之间并且沿着线301的位置的函数的导带能量Ec。导带图302还例示了在位置Yd处的导带能量Ec的不连续性。在界面Y1和位置Yd之间,二维电子气区域206可以包括AlGaN和/或AlGaN层。在位置Yd和界面Y2之间,二维电子气区域206可以包括GaN和/或GaN层。如本领域普通技术人员可以理解的,在费米能级Ef大于(即,高于)导带能量Ec的位置Yd处或附近形成电子气。
对本公开内容的所例示的实施例的以上描述,包括摘要中所描述的内容,并非意在是穷举的或是对所公开的确切形式的限制。虽然出于例示性目的在本文中描述了包括二维电子气区域的管芯密封环的具体实施方案,但是在不脱离本公开内容的更广泛的精神和范围的情况下,各种等同改型是可能的。实际上,应理解,提供具体示例器件横截面是用于解释的目的,并且根据本文的教导,也可以采用其他实施方案和/或材料(例如,砷化镓和砷化铝镓)。
尽管在权利要求书中限定了本发明,但是应理解,可以替代地根据以下实施例限定本发明:
实施例1:一种半导体器件,包括:有源器件区域以及围绕所述有源器件区域的管芯密封环。所述管芯密封环包括二维电子气区域。
实施例2:根据实施例1所述的半导体器件,其中所述有源器件区域包括横向场效应晶体管(FET)。
实施例3:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述横向场效应晶体管是高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)。
实施例4:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域包括氮化镓(GaN)。
实施例5:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域与所述有源器件区域横向分离。
实施例6:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,还包括绝缘体区域。
实施例7:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述绝缘体区域包括氮化镓(GaN)。
实施例8:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述绝缘体区域使用离子注入形成。
实施例9:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域电耦合到所述器件端子。
实施例10:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域被配置为接收所述器件端子的电势。
实施例11:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述器件端子是栅极端子。
实施例12:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述器件端子是源极端子。
实施例13:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的半导体器件,其中所述器件端子的所述电势基本上等于零伏特。
实施例14.一种功率场效应晶体管(FET)包括:有源器件区域以及管芯密封环。所述管芯密封环沿着功率FET的外围围绕所述有源器件区域;并且所述管芯密封环包括二维电子气区域。
实施例15:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的功率FET,其中所述有源器件区域包括:漏极端子,其被配置为接收漏极电压;栅极端子,其被配置为接收栅极电压;以及源极端子,其被配置为接收源极电压。
实施例16:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的功率FET,其中所述二维电子气区域电耦合到所述栅极端子。
实施例17:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的功率FET,其中所述二维电子气区域电耦合到所述源极端子。
实施例18:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的功率FET,其中所述二维电子气区域被配置为接收基本上等于零伏特的电压。
实施例19:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的功率FET,所述功率FET被配置为阻断高电压。
实施例20:根据前述实施例中任一个所述的功率FET,所述功率FET被配置为切换高电压。
Claims (20)
1.一种半导体器件,包括:
有源器件区域,其包括器件端子;以及
管芯密封环,其围绕所述有源器件区域,所述管芯密封环包括二维电子气区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中所述有源器件区域包括横向场效应晶体管(FET)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的半导体器件,其中所述横向场效应晶体管是高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域包括氮化镓(GaN)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域与所述有源器件区域横向分离。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,还包括绝缘体区域。
7.根据权利要求6所述的半导体器件,其中所述绝缘体区域包括氮化镓(GaN)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的半导体器件,其中所述绝缘体区域使用离子注入形成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域电耦合到所述器件端子。
10.根据权利要求9所述的半导体器件,其中所述二维电子气区域被配置为接收所述器件端子的电势。
11.根据权利要求10所述的半导体器件,其中所述器件端子是栅极端子。
12.根据权利要求10所述的半导体器件,其中所述器件端子是源极端子。
13.根据权利要求10所述的半导体器件,其中所述器件端子的所述电势基本上等于零伏特。
14.一种功率场效应晶体管(FET),包括:
有源器件区域;
管芯密封环,其沿着所述功率FET的外围围绕所述有源器件区域,所述管芯密封环包括二维电子气区域。
15.根据权利要求14所述的功率FET,其中所述有源器件区域包括:
漏极端子,其被配置为接收漏极电压;
栅极端子,其被配置为接收栅极电压;以及
源极端子,其被配置为接收源极电压。
16.根据权利要求15所述的功率FET,其中所述二维电子气区域电耦合到所述栅极端子。
17.根据权利要求15所述的功率FET,其中所述二维电子气区域电耦合到所述源极端子。
18.根据权利要求15所述的功率FET,其中所述二维电子气区域被配置为接收基本上等于零伏特的电压。
19.根据权利要求15所述的功率FET,所述功率FET被配置为阻断高电压。
20.根据权利要求15所述的功率FET,所述功率FET被配置为切换高电压。
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