CN116097021A - 双离合变速器 - Google Patents

双离合变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116097021A
CN116097021A CN202180050529.2A CN202180050529A CN116097021A CN 116097021 A CN116097021 A CN 116097021A CN 202180050529 A CN202180050529 A CN 202180050529A CN 116097021 A CN116097021 A CN 116097021A
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gear
clutch transmission
transmission
driven
dual clutch
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C·吉特
A·科尔布
T·海特
J·施韦策
J·塞比格
P·哈恩
J·罗马尼亚克
S·斯佩尔费赫特
K·里德尔
T·希尔德
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4816Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox internal shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0931Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts each countershaft having an output gear meshing with a single common gear on the output shaft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种双离合变速器(1),具有:输入轴(2);两个离合器(3.1,3.2),用于分别将输入轴(2)抗旋转地连接至相应的子变速器输入轴(4,5);两个分别具有与之同轴布置的从动齿轮(7,9)的中间轴(6,8);分别与其中一个中间轴(6,8)同轴布置的第一、第二和第三前进挡动齿轮(15,17,18);分别与其中另一中间轴(8,6)同轴布置的第四和第五前进挡动齿轮(20,23)。在此规定了,将其中一个从动齿轮(7,9)设计成较大从动齿轮(7),其具有比另一较小从动齿轮(9)更大的直径和/或更大齿数;并且第一前进挡动齿轮(20)被用于形成第二挡位,第二前进挡动齿轮(17)被用于形成第三挡位,依此类推,其中,这些挡位按所述顺序具有减小的传动比。双离合变速器(1)能与电机(28)一起形成混合变速器(27)。

Description

双离合变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及具有权利要求1的前序部分特征的双离合变速器。本发明还涉及一种具有这种双离合变速器的混合变速器以及一种具有这种双离合变速器或混合变速器的车辆驱动系。
背景技术
双离合变速器原则上由一般的现有技术公开,因此例如由DE 10 2018 222009A1公开。关于进一步细节,DE 10 2018 130 621 A1和DE 11 2009 000016B4在此形成同类型的现有技术。该结构在此是这样的:双离合变速器的输入轴可接合至两个子变速器输入轴,其中,每个子变速器输入轴通过中间轴驱动从动齿轮,接着例如通过从动齿轮能驱动共用的差速器。这些中间轴上装有用于选择各自挡位的动齿轮,中间轴的两个从动齿轮被设计成定齿轮,其中,其中一个从动齿轮被设计成较大从动齿轮,其具有比另一较小从动齿轮更大的直径和/或更大的齿数。
发明内容
本发明的任务现在是进一步改善这种同类型的结构并且使其结构紧凑且使用灵活。
根据本发明,该任务通过一种具有权利要求1的特征、在此尤其是权利要求1的特征部分的特征的双离合变速器来完成。有利的设计和改进方案来自其从属权利要求。另外,一种具有权利要求8的特征的混合变速器完成该任务。在此也从其从属权利要求中得到有利的设计和改进方案。最后,一种具有权利要求12的特征的车辆驱动系统完成该任务。
因此,在此作为基础的双离合变速器规定了较大从动齿轮和较小从动齿轮,其中,较大从动齿轮具有比另一从动齿轮更大的直径和/或更大的齿数。用于第二、第三和第四挡的前进挡动齿轮在此安置在带有其中的较小从动齿轮的中间轴上,而用于第五和第六挡的前进挡动齿轮安置在带有较大从动齿轮的中间轴上。两个从动齿轮于是按照本身已知的方式啮合至从动轴或者一个固定在其上的齿轮和/或差速器的齿轮。
因此可以实现很简单紧凑的结构,在此,所述挡位按照上述顺序具有减小的传动比。
根据本发明,其中一个从动齿轮被设计成动齿轮,其通过一个换挡件抗旋转地可连接至所属的中间轴。其中的另一个从动齿轮在此情况下是抗旋转地连接至其中间轴的定齿轮。
本发明意义上的抗旋转的连接在此是指两个可转动安装的构件的连接,其中,这些构件彼此同轴布置并且如此相互连接,即,它们以相同的角速度转动。
根据本发明的双离合变速器在此具有如下优点,即,其在完整的功能和使用寿命下可很紧凑地构造并且低成本实现。
此外,本发明规定,设计成动齿轮的从动齿轮是该较大从动齿轮。
根据本发明的双离合变速器的一个很有利的改进方案,现在还可以规定,较大从动齿轮安置在具有第四和第五前进挡动齿轮的中间轴上,而其中的另一个较小从动齿轮安置在具有第一、第二和第三前进挡动齿轮的另一中间轴上。
本发明的双离合变速器的另一设计规定,一个倒车挡动齿轮安置在具有较大从动齿轮的中间轴上。倒车挡动齿轮可以根据一个很有利的改进方案只啮合至用于第二挡位的前进挡动齿轮、即第一前进挡动齿轮,以便根据需要能相应切换倒车挡。优选地,倒车挡动齿轮在此根据一个很有利的设计可转动地安置在该较大从动齿轮的轮毂上。
一个相应的很有利的设计在此规定,设有换挡件,其选择性地将设计为动齿轮的较大从动齿轮连接至其中间轴,或者将倒车挡动齿轮连接至较大从动齿轮,较大从动齿轮于是与其中间轴分离。因而为此可以使用用于挂入第二挡位的换挡件和用于选择性地将设计成动齿轮的大从动齿轮接合至其中间轴或倒车挡动齿轮的所述换挡件,以至少在双离合变速器中实现至少一个倒车挡。
根据本发明的双离合变速器的另一个很有利的设计,在此可以规定,在具有其中的较小从动齿轮的中间轴上设有驻车锁齿轮。因此,双离合变速器可以在配备有它的车辆的停放状态下被相应锁死。
除了简单紧凑的结构以及高度灵活地控制本发明的双离合变速器的可能性,现在它也很好地适用于电动化。根据本发明的具有这种双离合变速器的混合变速器与此对应地规定设有电机。内燃发动机可以通过分离离合器至少间接连接至双离合变速器的输入轴。与此相关的间接连接在此是指如下连接,即,连接可通过其它部件进行。在内燃发动机曲轴与双离合变速器输入轴之间的典型部件在此例如是扭转振动阻尼器和/或减振器,即,用于衰减或阻尼扭转振动的部件。它们能按照本身已知的方式设计成多种不同形式,例如具有离心摆锤、弹性板等。
根据本发明的混合变速器的一个很有利的设计,在此可以规定,电机直接或通过变速器部件连接至双离合变速器的输入轴。电机例如能同轴布置并且直接驱动双离合变速器的输入轴,做法是电机转子形成该轴的一部分。作为其替代方式,它能按照其转动轴线也平行于双离合变速器的输入轴或内燃发动机曲轴的方式来布置并且例如通过变速器部件如齿轮副、带传动机构、链等作用于输入轴。另一个可能方式也是轴垂直的布置,于是作为传动元件能够采用差速器。这原则上是可想到的,但实际上优选的是轴平行的布置或同轴布置。
根据本发明的混合变速器的另一个替代方案,现在可以规定,电机抗旋转地连接至其中一个子变速器轴。于是,电机因此驱动双离合变速器的子变速器输入轴,或者在其作为发电机运行时被其驱动。
另一个替代方案是将电机连接至其中一个中间轴上的动齿轮。在此,尤其可以将其中一个前进挡动齿轮例如第四前进挡动齿轮用于连接至电机,电机于是又以转子轴的定齿轮啮合至相应的动齿轮,从而电机可以通过该前进挡动齿轮的换挡件根据需要不仅被用于按电动机方式驱动、也被用于再生时或使用内燃发动机时按发电机方式运行。
还要求保护一种车辆驱动系。具有第一车轴、第二车轴和根据权利要求1至9之一的双离合变速器或选择性地具有根据权利要求10至13之一的混合变速器的车辆用车辆驱动系规定了与双离合变速器接合或可接合的内燃发动机,其中,它以及所述双离合变速器或混合变速器设置用于根据需要形成与车辆的第一被驱动的车轴的驱动连接,其中,车辆的第二被驱动的车轴借助于至少一台电动机被纯电驱动。
因此,该结构可以不仅设计成具有纯双离合变速器,也可设计成具有包含它的混合变速器用于驱动一个车轴,而另一车轴被纯电驱动。现在这提供许多可能方式,例如像驱动两个车轴、优选其中一个通过内燃发动机来驱动而另一个被纯电驱动。但利用本发明车辆驱动系统的结构,也可以针对车辆实现其它行驶策略。因此可以例如通过将内燃发动机与混合变速器结合使用而在其中一个上述的驱动装置设计中驱动作为发电机形式的电机,其于是又产生电流以驱动另一车轴上的至少一台电机。因此,借助于一个被相应驱动的车轴、即第二车轴达成串列混动驱动的功能。此外,可以实现如下可能方式,其在第一车轴上借助混合变速器实现并行混动运行,而例如第二车轴只被用来再生,或者布置在那里的电机在并行混合传动中完全不予考虑。当使用不具电动化的双离合变速器时也存在另一可能方式。于是,第一车轴仅通过内燃发动机被驱动以及与之并行或替代地通过第二车轴纯电动驱动车辆的可能方式。
附图说明
本发明的双离合变速器、本发明的混合变速器和/或车辆驱动系的其它有利设计也来自以下参照图所详述的实施例,在此示出:
图1以轮组示意图形式示出本发明双离合变速器的第一可能结构,
图2以轮组示意图形式示出本发明双离合变速器的一个替代结构,
图3以轮组示意图形式示出本发明的双离合变速器的另一替代结构,
图4示出以图1的结构为例的用于将本发明双离合变速器电动化的可能变型,
图5示出又以根据图1的设计为例的将双离合变速器电动化的另一变型,
图6还示出又以根据图1的双离合变速器的设计为例的用于双离合变速器电动化的又一替代可能方式。
具体实施方式
在图1的呈所谓轮组示意图形式的图示中能看到双离合变速器1。双离合变速器1具有用2标示的输入轴,其例如能可分离地或抗旋转地接合至内燃发动机、电机和/或其它驱动总成。
在功率传递方向上,由第一离合器3.1和第二离合器3.2组成的双离合器3跟在输入轴2之后。通过第一离合器3.1,第一子变速器输入轴4能抗旋转地连接至输入轴2,通过第二离合器3.2,与之同轴布置的第二子变速器输入轴5可以连接至双离合变速器1的输入轴2。一般,子变速器输入轴4、5的连接交替进行,从而主功率传递经过子变速器输入轴4、5中的一个或另一个。在此处所示的实施例中,第一子变速器输入轴4设计成实心轴,与之同轴布置的第二子变速器输入轴5设计成空心轴。
双离合变速器1还具有两个中间轴。第一中间轴6在此具有与之同轴布置的第一从动齿轮7,第二中间轴8具有与之同轴布置的第二从动齿轮9。两个从动齿轮7、9于是通过双离合变速器1的输出轴的此处未示出的齿轮或通过差速器例如驱动配备有双离合变速器1的车辆的车轴。
第一子变速器输入轴4装有两个同轴安置在其上的定齿轮10、11,被设计成空心轴的第二子变速器输入轴5上也装有两个与之同轴布置的定齿轮,它们用12和13来标示。第二中间轴8上还装有驻车锁齿轮14,但其应被理解为是选择性的。此外,在第二中间轴8上设置有三个前进挡齿轮。第一前进挡动齿轮15在第二中间轴8的轴向上跟在抗旋转地与之连接的第二从动齿轮9之后并且与第二子变速器输入轴5上的定齿轮13啮合。在第二中间轴8的轴向上,随后是一个换挡件16,借此可以将第一前进挡动齿轮15抗旋转地连接至第二中间轴8。在第二中间轴8的轴向上随后是另一个前进挡动齿轮17、即第二前进挡动齿轮。第二前进挡动齿轮17与安置在第二子变速器输入轴5上的定齿轮12啮合并且也可通过换挡机构16被抗旋转地连接至第二中间轴8。因而,换挡机构16为此控制基本上是三个的挡位。它如图1的图示所示地处于一个空挡位。如果将换挡件向右压出,则它将第一前进挡动齿轮15连接至第二中间轴8;如果将其向左侧压出,换挡机构16将第二前进挡动齿轮17连接至第二中间轴8。
在第二中间轴8的轴向上,并行于第二前进挡动齿轮17地,随后是第三前进挡动齿轮18,其与第一子变速器输入轴4的定齿轮11啮合。在这里,在该轴向上也相邻地随后有换挡件19,经此可根据需要将第三前进挡动齿轮18抗旋转地相应连接至第二中间轴8。于是,在中间轴8的轴向上尽量向左地设置已经说明的选择性的驻车锁齿轮14。
第一中间轴6现在按照其轮和换挡件的布置从左向右来描述。在此以第四前进挡动齿轮20开始,其与第一子变速器输入轴4上的定齿轮10相应啮合。换挡件21允许抗旋转地将第四前进挡动齿轮20连接至第一中间轴6。在第一中间轴6的轴向上从左向右地接着是另一个换挡件22以及第五前进挡动齿轮23。它又与第二子变速器输入轴5上的定齿轮12啮合并且可以通过换挡件22抗旋转地连接至第一中间轴6。在轴向上右侧相邻地有一个换挡件24,随后是倒车挡动齿轮25和也被设计成第一中间轴6上的动齿轮的第一从动齿轮7。第一从动齿轮7在此安装在中间轴6上并且可以根据需要通过换挡件24抗旋转地与之连接。倒车挡动齿轮25又安装在第一从动齿轮7的轮毂上并且可以通过换挡件24与之连接。换挡件24因此能选择性地将第一从动齿轮7连接至第一中间轴6,或者替代地将倒车挡动齿轮25连接至第一从动齿轮7,第一从动齿轮于是未被连接至第一中间轴6。如所有先前所述的换挡件16、19、21、22和24一样,该换挡件也具有在图1的图示中被相应示出的空挡位。
在此处所示的图1的轮组示意图的上展投影中看不到且因此用虚线示出:倒车挡动齿轮25与第一前进挡动齿轮15啮合并因此只能通过它被按需驱动,因为倒车挡动齿轮25未与双离合变速器1内的其它齿轮啮合。
除了“第一从动齿轮7被设计成第一中间轴6上的动齿轮”这一事实外,双离合变速器1的另一特点现在是第一从动齿轮7大于通常设计为定齿轮的第二从动齿轮9。在此,“大于”意味着它具有较大的直径和进而也具有较大的齿数。原则上,仅较大齿数也就够了。
所述双离合变速器1的结构因此现在允许相应切换各个挡,其中,第一前进挡动齿轮15被用于实现第二挡,第二前进挡动齿轮17被用于实现第三挡,第三前进挡动齿轮18被用于实现第四挡,然后分别通过第二从动齿轮9将动力输出至例如在此处未示出的差速器。第五和第六挡与此对应地通过第四前进挡动齿轮20和第五前进挡动齿轮23实现,对此于是通过抗旋转地连接至第一中间轴6的具有较大直径的第一从动齿轮7来将动力输出至同一差速器。为了实现倒车挡,倒车挡动齿轮25相应与第一从动齿轮7连接并通过第一前进挡动齿轮15、即用于第二挡位的动齿轮被驱动。在此,第一倒车挡可以通过第一前进挡动齿轮15(它又通过换挡件16抗旋转地连接至第二中间轴8)的驱动路径以及倒车挡动齿轮25的驱动以及经由与之接合的第一从动齿轮7的从动来实现。第二倒车挡可以如此实现,即,相应一并考虑第四前进挡动齿轮20和第五前进挡动齿轮23、即第五和第六挡位。
第一前进挡在双离合变速器中也在考虑两个挡位的情况下实现,但没有接合倒车挡动齿轮25,而是与之相应地通过换挡件24将第一从动齿轮7接合至第一中间轴6。这于是基本上导致在第一和第二挡位之间的挡速比变化量/差量对应于在第五和第六挡位之间的挡速比差量。
在图2的图示中能看到双离合变速器1的一种替代结构,其中,以下仅介绍与图1的结构的区别。该区别在于,在此,现在省略了在第一子变速器输入轴4上的第二定齿轮11。第一定齿轮10因此不仅与第一中间轴6上的第四前进挡动齿轮20啮合,也与第二中间轴8上的第三前进挡动齿轮18啮合,其为此在第三前进挡动齿轮18及其换挡件19的布置中相对于图1的结构相应成镜像地布置在第二中间轴8上。在其它方面,在图2的图示中的双离合变速器1的结构对应于图1所述的结构。
这也适用于所述工作方式,因此在此从第一挡至第二挡的挡速比差量又对应于从第五挡至第六挡的挡速比差量。此外,从第三挡至第五挡的挡速比差量大致对应于从第四挡至第六挡的挡速比差量,而从第二挡至第三挡的挡速比差量现在在图2所示的结构中可自由选择。
在图3的图示中能看到双离合变速器1的另一变型。其出发点也是图1的双离合变速器1的图示,故在这里以下也仅详细介绍区别。现在区别在于,代替两个换挡件21、22地采用共同的多用换挡件26。共同的多用换挡件26在此被设计成其以具有滑接套的换挡件形式实现。因此在不实现空挡的情况下,第四前进挡动齿轮20或第五前进挡动齿轮23或者在滑接套的中间位置,可以选择性地将两个前进挡动齿轮20、23连接至第一中间轴6。多用换挡件26在此切换用于第五和第六挡位的前进挡动齿轮20、23。其它各方面和工作方式在此对应于图1所述情况。显然,现在可以相应实现具有一个换挡件26来代替换挡件21和22的结构以及又如图2所示的使定齿轮10与第四前进挡动齿轮20以及第三前进挡动齿轮18两者都啮合的结构。
双离合变速器1在每个任意所述变型实施方式中现在尤其也适用于电动化。在图4的图示中,相应地示出混合变速器27,其核心表明双离合变速器1,在此按照根据图1的设计变型但没有选择性的驻车锁齿轮14。根据图2和图3的其它设计或所述设计的组合以及驻车锁齿轮14的应用在此显然也可行。重要区别现在是电机28将双离合变速器1补充成混合变速器27,其在此处示出的实施例中与双离合器3以及双离合变速器1的输入轴2同轴布置。电机28中优选直接连接至输入轴2。此外,输入轴2通过分离离合器29连接至内燃发动机31的曲轴30。该连接一般间接实现,即,在连接区域内或在曲轴30和双离合变速器1的输入轴2之间区域内设有用于衰减和阻尼扭转振动的部件。但这是技术人员已知的,因此既不详细解释这种部件,也不在该图的图示中相应考虑这种部件。
在离合器29打开时,该结构现在可以是纯电动的,因为通过电机28来驱动双离合变速器1,其从动齿轮7、9视换挡件的换挡位置而被传动。在离合器29闭合时,内燃发动机31和电机28可以就其功率而言接合,或者电机28可以无负荷运行或者也通过内燃发动机31作为发电机被驱动。
在图5和图6的图示中能看到采用电机28的其它可能方式。在这里,放弃示出内燃发动机31以及视驱动系也设有的选择性的分离离合器29。在各自混合变速器27之内的双离合变速器1结构又对应于如图1所示的结构,在这里,这单纯理解为例举并且也可以采用图2和图3的结构或其组合。
电机28现在在图5和图6的两个实施例中分别轴平行于输入轴2的或子变速器输入轴4、5的轴线来布置。在图5的实施例中,电机28的转子轴32与齿轮33接合,该齿轮与第四前进挡动齿轮20相应啮合且因此实现从电机28到双离合变速器1或从双离合变速器到电机28的力传递,电机于是作为发电机运行。如果能放弃在此依靠换挡件21得到的传动连接切换的可能性,则也可以使用如图6所示的在其他方面相似的结构,在此,齿轮33如又通过虚线所示出的那样直接啮合至在第一子变速器输入轴4上的第一定齿轮10。
双离合变速器1或还有包含它的混合变速器27现在可以与内燃发动机31和/或电机28一起形成车辆驱动系统,以便驱动在此处未示出的车辆。车辆的在此处未示出的车轴在此最好被按不同方式驱动。第一车轴例如通过已经多次解释的、但此处未示出的差速器接合至第一从动齿轮7和第二从动齿轮9。第一车轴因此可以通过双离合变速器1和例如与之接合或可与之接合的内燃发动机31和/或电机28被驱动。第二车轴在此情况下是纯电动的。因此可以实现仅经由内燃发动机的驱动或经由第一车轴的并行混合从动。通过第二车轴,可以纯电行驶。
当尤其在图5和图6的变型中使用混合变速器27时,因此也可以实现串列混合驱动装置的功能性。内燃发动机31于是将通过双离合变速器1驱动该电机28。电机28于是将在按发电机方式运行中产生的电功率提供给车辆的第二车轴的此处未示出的电动机,从而车辆能通过第二车轴按照串列混动装置的功能方式被纯电驱动。

Claims (12)

1.一种双离合变速器(1),具有:
输入轴(2);
两个离合器(3.1,3.2),用于抗旋转地将该输入轴(2)分别连接至相应的子变速器输入轴(4,5);
两个分别具有与之同轴布置的从动齿轮(7,9)的中间轴(6,8);
第一、第二和第三前进挡动齿轮(15,17,18),它们分别与其中一个所述中间轴(6,8)同轴布置;
第四和第五前进挡动齿轮(20,23),它们分别与所述中间轴(8,6)中的另一个同轴布置;
其中,其中一个所述从动齿轮(7,9)被设计成较大的从动齿轮(7),该较大的从动齿轮具有比另一较小从动齿轮(9)更大的直径和/或更大的齿数,
该第一前进挡动齿轮(20)被用于形成第二挡位,该第二前进挡动齿轮(17)被用于形成第三挡位,该第三前进挡动齿轮(18)被用于形成第四挡位,该第四前进挡动齿轮(20)被用于形成第五挡位,该第五前进挡动齿轮(23)被用于形成第六挡位,其中,这些挡位按所述顺序具有减小的传动比,
其特征是,
该较大从动齿轮(7)被设计成动齿轮,其通过换挡件(24)能抗旋转地连接至对应的中间轴(6),其中,该较小从动齿轮(9)被设计成抗旋转地连接至其中间轴(8)的定齿轮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双离合变速器(1),其特征是,该较大的从动齿轮(7)安置在所述具有所述第四和第五前进挡动齿轮(20,23)的中间轴(6)上,并且该较小的从动齿轮(9)安置所述在具有所述第一、第二和第三前进挡动齿轮(15,17,18)的中间轴(8)上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双离合变速器(1),其特征是,倒车挡动齿轮(25)安置在所述具有该较大的从动齿轮(7)的中间轴(6)上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双离合变速器(1),其特征是,该倒车挡动齿轮(25)仅与该第一前进挡动齿轮(15)啮合。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的双离合变速器(1),其特征是,该倒车挡动齿轮(25)可转动地安置在该较大的从动齿轮(7)的轮毂上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的双离合变速器(1),其特征是,设有换挡件(24),其选择性地将该较大的从动齿轮(7)连接至其中间轴(6)或将该倒车挡动齿轮(25)连接至该较大的从动齿轮(7),而该较大的从动齿轮在此与其中间轴(6)分离。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的双离合变速器(1),其特征是,在所述具有该较小的从动齿轮(9)的中间轴(8)上设置驻车锁齿轮(14)。
8.一种混合变速器(27),具有根据权利要求1至7之一所述的双离合变速器和电机(28)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合变速器(27),其特征是,该电机(28)直接或通过至少一个传动件接合或可接合至该双离合变速器(1)的输入轴(2)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的混合变速器(27),其特征是,该电机(28)接合至在其中一个所述中间轴(6,8)上的动齿轮(7,15,17,18,20,23,25)。
11.根据权利要求8所述的混合变速器(27),其特征是,该电机(28)接合或可接合至其中一个所述子变速器输入轴(4,5)。
12.一种车辆驱动系统,具有内燃发动机(32)和两个被驱动的车轴,其中,该第一车轴通过根据权利要求1至7之一的双离合变速器(1)或根据权利要求8至11之一的混合变速器(27)被该内燃发动机(32)驱动,其中,该第二车轴被设计成能够被纯电驱动的车轴。
CN202180050529.2A 2020-08-20 2021-07-27 双离合变速器 Pending CN116097021A (zh)

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