CN116093597A - Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array - Google Patents

Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116093597A
CN116093597A CN202310201694.4A CN202310201694A CN116093597A CN 116093597 A CN116093597 A CN 116093597A CN 202310201694 A CN202310201694 A CN 202310201694A CN 116093597 A CN116093597 A CN 116093597A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
metal patch
antenna
layer metal
circularly polarized
dielectric substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310201694.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张帅
林志成
闫登辉
张倩铢
唐晓斌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xidian University
Original Assignee
Xidian University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xidian University filed Critical Xidian University
Priority to CN202310201694.4A priority Critical patent/CN116093597A/en
Publication of CN116093597A publication Critical patent/CN116093597A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a Ka-band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, an antenna array and a phased array, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The antenna beam radiation device is used for solving the problem of connection between the phased array antenna and the T/R component and the problem of broadband radiation, and can realize the radiation of circularly polarized antenna beams with wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth, and the feed is transferred to the upper metal layer from the lowest layer through the strip transmission line to realize the radiation. The metal patch is connected with the metallized via hole to realize equivalent magnetic dipole and electric dipole to realize the circular polarized antenna beam radiation with wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth. The rotation angle of each antenna unit is the same as the phase of the corresponding phase shifter and is n times of 90 degrees, and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent antenna units and the phase difference of the phase shifter are 90 degrees, so that the antenna units are matched with the feed holes of the bottom T/R assembly. The invention can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high resolution radar imaging.

Description

Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, relates to a broadband circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna, and in particular relates to a Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna unit, an antenna array and a phased array, which can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging.
Background
Millimeter wave refers to electromagnetic wave with frequency in the range of 30GHz to 300GHz, the corresponding wavelength is 1 mm-10 mm, and the millimeter wave antenna device has the advantages of wide frequency band, large communication capacity, high target identification resolution and the like. The Ka band frequency range in millimeter wave is 26.5-40 GHz, and the frequency band is wider and the transmission capacity is large.
The phased array T/R (Transmitter and Receiver) assembly is also called a phased array transceiver assembly, the T/R assembly is arranged below the phased array in a longitudinal integrated mode, and channel output ports which are arranged regularly are arranged on the T/R assembly and connected with phased array feed ports to provide feed excitation for the phased array antenna. The size of the T/R elements determines the minimum array face size of the phased array and the number of channels of the T/R elements determines the maximum radiating element number of the phased array.
The unique properties of circularly polarized antennas make them particularly useful in many applications, such as: the circularly polarized antenna is adopted in the radar system, so that the interference generated by small molecules and particles in the air such as cloud, rain, fog and the like can be restrained; in space measurement and satellite communication, linear polarized waves generate Faraday electromagnetic rotation effect when passing through an ionosphere, so that signals at a receiving end are attenuated, and the attenuation can be avoided by adopting circular polarized waves; meanwhile, the linear polarization wave can be decomposed into two circular polarization waves with opposite rotation directions and same amplitude, so that the circular polarization is easier to realize polarization matching. Therefore, the circularly polarized antenna is widely used in various electronic systems. In recent years, with the rapid development of communication technology, the demand for large bandwidth communication in engineering applications is becoming more urgent, which also drives the development of circularly polarized antennas toward wide impedance bandwidths and wide axial ratio bandwidths.
Since the magnetic dipole antenna has been proposed, the magnetic dipole antenna has been widely focused on the characteristics of large bandwidth, low back lobe and stable directional radiation, and many scholars have conducted intensive research on the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna, so as to generate a plurality of circular polarization magnetic dipole antennas with better performance. However, these previous researches mainly focus on how to realize circular polarization characteristics by designing an antenna structure, and no measures with smaller dimensions are taken in the design, so that the existing circular polarization magnetic dipole antenna still has the defects of larger dimensions and large space volume, and the application of the circular polarization magnetic dipole antenna in modern wireless communication systems is greatly limited.
In order to change the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth characteristics of the circular polarization unit of the phased array antenna unit, most researchers at home and abroad solve the problems by changing the structural form of the antenna. For example, Y.Yang and R. -J.Gong et al, 2021, published an article in IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics: applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM) entitled "2-DScanning Circularly Polarized Multi-beam Antenna Array of ME Dipole," which proposes a phased array of 2X 2-unit Ka band circularly polarized magneto-dipole antennas. The phased array proposed by the SIW feed structure with the antenna element comprising a magneto-electric dipole and the bottom achieves an impedance bandwidth of 7.1% and a unit axial ratio bandwidth of 3.57%.
As another example, yang Xuesong, nie Niansheng et al patent application No. 'an ultra wideband large angle scanning phased array based on a magneto-electric dipole antenna': CN201811136366.6 discloses a magneto-electric dipole antenna loaded with metallized vias. The antenna eventually achieves an impedance bandwidth of 404% and does not achieve circular polarization characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a Ka band circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna unit, an antenna array and a phased array, which are used for solving the technical problems of narrower circular polarization axis than bandwidth, narrower impedance bandwidth and the like of the existing circularly polarized phased array antenna unit and reducing the complexity of a connecting structure between the phased array and a T/R assembly.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate, a first semi-cured layer, a second dielectric substrate, a second semi-cured layer and a third dielectric substrate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a first upper layer metal patch, a second upper layer metal patch and a third upper layer metal patch which are not connected with each other, and the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate is printed with a first lower layer metal patch; a second lower layer metal patch is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate; the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with an upper metal transmission line, and the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate is printed with a third lower metal patch;
the first upper metal patch is connected with the first lower metal patch through a first metalized blind hole; the second upper metal patch is connected with the upper metal transmission line through a second metalized blind hole; the second lower-layer metal patch is connected with the third lower-layer metal patch through a third metalized blind hole, and the upper-layer metal transmission line is connected with the feed port through a fourth metalized blind hole penetrating through the third dielectric substrate.
In one embodiment, a grounded metallized via is provided through the first dielectric substrate, the first semi-cured layer, the second dielectric substrate, the second semi-cured layer, and the third dielectric substrate, the metallized via connecting the first upper metal patch, the second lower metal patch, and the third lower metal patch; a third upper layer metal patch, a second lower layer metal patch, and a third lower layer metal patch; the number of the metallized through holes is multiple, and the metallized through holes are distributed in a central symmetry mode.
In one embodiment, the number of the first upper layer metal patches, the number of the third upper layer metal patches and the number of the first lower layer metal patches are K, the number of the second upper layer metal patches is 1, the second upper layer metal patches are arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the first upper layer metal patches and the third upper layer metal patches are distributed at intervals and are symmetrical around the center of the second upper layer metal patches; each first upper metal patch is connected with one first lower metal patch through a first metallization blind hole.
In one embodiment, the first upper metal patch has a concave structure, the second upper metal patch is composed of a rectangle a and a circle connected to the short side of the rectangle a, and the third upper metal patch has a rectangle B; the first lower-layer metal patch is circular, the cross sections of the second lower-layer metal patch and the third lower-layer metal patch are the same as the cross sections of the dielectric substrates, the second lower-layer metal patch is provided with a nonmetal hole for the second metalized blind hole to pass through, and the third lower-layer metal patch is provided with a feed port.
In one embodiment, k=2, the long side of the rectangle a is perpendicular to the long side of the rectangle B, and the concave structure means that a rectangular groove is formed on one side of a rectangle C, wherein the length l of the grooved side of the rectangle C 1 Length of non-grooved side l=1.75 2 Groove depth l of rectangular groove =1.3 3 Groove bottom length l =0.8 4 =1.1, one of the arms is provided with a circular hole for connecting the metallized via, the distance l between the circular hole and the slotted side of the rectangle C 5 =0.25, a pitch l corresponding to the non-slotted side of the slotted arm 6 Distance l between rectangle B and rectangle a =0.25 7 Length l of long side of rectangle B =0.25 8 Length of short side l =1.45 9 =0.5, distance l between the short side of the circle to which rectangle a is connected and the center of the circle 10 ＝2.1。
In one embodiment, the Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit further includes a third semi-cured layer and a fourth dielectric substrate sequentially positioned above the third dielectric substrate; the fourth dielectric substrate is a non-metallized dielectric substrate and is used for widening antenna beams.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna array, which is formed by distributing m×n antenna subarrays in a rectangular array, wherein the antenna subarrays are formed by distributing four Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna units in a rectangular array, and M, N is greater than or equal to 1.
The third object of the invention is to provide a phased array comprising a feed transmission structure, a T/R assembly and the Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna array;
the feed transmission structure is arranged below the antenna array and is a metal layer provided with a plurality of T/R assembly output ports, and the output ends of the T/R assemblies are connected with the second upper metal patch for feeding through the T/R assembly output ports, the fourth metalized blind holes, the upper metal transmission line and the second metalized blind holes.
In one embodiment, the number of the feed transmission structures and the number of the T/R assemblies are the same as the number of the antenna subarrays, one feed transmission structure is arranged below each antenna subarray, one T/R assembly is arranged below each feed transmission structure, each feed transmission structure is provided with four T/R assembly output ports, and each T/R assembly comprises four phase shifters;
in the same antenna subarray, each phase shifter is correspondingly connected with one Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit, the rotation angle of each Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit is the same as the phase of the phase shifter connected with the same and is n times of 90 degrees, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 respectively;
in the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent Ka wave band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna units is 90 degrees, and/or the phase difference of any two adjacent phase shifters is 90 degrees.
In one embodiment, the value of N is 1, so as to form a 4-element array Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole phased array, the beam widths of the azimuth plane and the nodding plane of the Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit are 94 degrees, the axial ratio in the beam width range is less than 3dB, the array gain of the 4-element subarray Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole array in equal amplitude and in phase is 10.27dB, and the horizontal beam width is 50 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the antenna is connected with the T/R assembly output port through the metal probe by the bottom metal patch, and the phase shift different from that of the second upper metal patch is generated through the first upper metal patch, so that the three-dimensional structure of the multilayer metal patch can widen the bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the size of the antenna while the bandwidth of the axial ratio is widened. The bottom adopts the coaxial line to strip transmission line switching technology to realize the free movement of the antenna feed port, can match with various TR components, and the antenna unit realizes 31.36% of impedance bandwidth and 31.16% of axial ratio bandwidth.
2. The Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit and the subarrays are provided, four groups of antenna subarrays which are formed by antenna units and the antenna subarrays which are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees are arranged through a rectangular array on a substrate, the rotation angles of the antenna elements in each group of antenna units and the phases of T/R components are the same and are integer multiples of 90 degrees, and the rotation angle difference of the antenna elements in any two adjacent antenna units and/or the phase difference of corresponding phase shifters are 90 degrees. In view of this, the cross polarization component generated by each antenna element can cancel each other out the cross polarization component coupled to the adjacent antenna element, and the main polarization component can be made better. The Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit has the advantages of small volume, light weight and easiness in processing, the antenna is welded by adopting BGA and T/R components, and the antenna is sintered at the bottom of the reflecting bottom plate, so that the aperture of the array surface is small and the integration level is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall construction diagram of an antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical structural view of an antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the upper surface structure of a first dielectric substrate of an antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a lower surface structure of a first dielectric substrate of an antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a lower surface structure of a second dielectric substrate of the antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the upper surface structure of a third dielectric substrate of the antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a structure of a lower surface of a third dielectric substrate of an antenna unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an overall block diagram of a phased array antenna subarray in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the output BGA structure of the T/R device of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a standing wave ratio diagram of an antenna element according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an axial ratio diagram of an antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a 30GHz directional diagram of an antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is an overall structure diagram of an antenna subarray according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a 30GHz directional diagram of an antenna sub-array according to the invention.
Fig. 15 is a 30GHz axial ratio diagram of an antenna sub-array according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In the traditional circularly polarized dipole antenna unit, a double-layer dielectric substrate is adopted, upper metal is directly connected with a transmission line for feeding through a metal hole, the plane size is overlarge, and the impedance bandwidth and the axial ratio bandwidth characteristics are required to be improved.
Therefore, the invention firstly provides the Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit, adopts the three-layer dielectric substrate, overcomes the obvious defect of large size, and has the characteristics of wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth, thereby better meeting the requirements of a modern wireless communication system.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the antenna unit of the present invention includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a first semi-cured layer 2, a second dielectric substrate 3, a second semi-cured layer 4, and a third dielectric substrate 5 sequentially disposed from top to bottom.
The upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 is printed with a first upper layer metal patch 101, a second upper layer metal patch 102 and a third upper layer metal patch 103, and the metal patches are not connected with each other. The lower surface is printed with a first lower metal patch 104. The lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 3 is printed with a second lower-layer metal patch 301; the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 5 is printed with an upper metal transmission line 501, and the lower surface is printed with a third lower metal patch 502.
A first metallization blind via 1101 is provided through the first dielectric substrate 1, a second metallization blind via 1103 is provided through the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 3, and a third metallization blind via 1104 and a fourth metallization blind via 1105 are provided through the third dielectric substrate 5.
The first metalized blind via 1101 is used to connect the first upper metal patch 101 and the first lower metal patch 104. The second metallized via 1103 is used to connect the second upper metal patch 102 with the upper metal transmission line 501. The third metallized via 1104 is used for connecting the second lower metal patch 301 with the third lower metal patch 502, and the fourth metallized via 1105 is used for connecting the upper metal transmission line 501 with the feed port.
According to the structure, the feeding is performed through the fourth metalized blind via 1105, the upper metal transmission line 501, the second metalized blind via 1103 and the second upper metal patch 102, so that the problem of connection when the feeding port and the antenna are not in corresponding positions in the vertical space is solved.
In the antenna unit, a first upper layer metal patch 101, a second upper layer metal patch 102 and a third upper layer metal patch 103 form an integral radiation structure of the antenna, the second upper layer metal patch 102 is used as a feeder line for coupling feeding to two arms of a magneto-electric dipole, namely the first upper layer metal patch 101 and the third upper layer metal patch 103, and the two arms of the magneto-electric dipole radiate to generate a 90-degree phase difference so as to realize circularly polarized radiation. The first lower metal patch 104 is a metal solder ring, the second lower metal patch 301 is a metal ground plate, the upper metal transmission line 501 is a microstrip-to-stripline structure, and the third lower metal patch 502 is a ground plate.
The corresponding connection structure of the metal patch and the metallization blind hole realizes equivalent magnetic dipole and electric dipole, and realizes the beam radiation of the circularly polarized antenna with wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the design is based on a TR module with a regular quadrangle, so that the TR module is connected with the antenna, the overall section of the antenna unit is designed to be a regular quadrangle, that is, the horizontal sections of the first dielectric substrate 1, the first semi-cured layer 2, the second dielectric substrate 3, the second semi-cured layer 4 and the third dielectric substrate 5 are regular quadrangles, and the areas are equal.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in order to achieve grounding, the present invention designs a grounded metallized via 1102, where the metallized via 1102 penetrates through the first dielectric substrate 1, the first semi-cured layer 2, the second dielectric substrate 3, the second semi-cured layer 4 and the third dielectric substrate 5, which are respectively connected to: a first upper layer metal patch 101, a second lower layer metal patch 301, and a third lower layer metal patch 502; and a third upper layer metal patch 103, a second lower layer metal patch 301, and a third lower layer metal patch 502. The number of the metallized vias 1102 is plural and distributed symmetrically at the center. The grounding structure is convenient for the antenna to be integrally connected with the TR component.
In some embodiments of the present invention, K number of the first upper layer metal patches 101, the third upper layer metal patches 103 and the first lower layer metal patches 104 are each K, and K is preferably greater than 1, and each first upper layer metal patch 101 is connected to one first lower layer metal patch 104 through a first metallized blind hole 1101. The number of second upper metal patches 102 is 1, and the second upper metal patches 102 are arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the first upper metal patches 101 and the third upper metal patches 103 are distributed at intervals and are rotationally symmetrical around the center of the second upper metal patches 102. The adoption of the central rotation symmetrical structure is beneficial to inhibiting cross polarization and improving circular polarization performance.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first upper metal patch 101 has a concave structure, i.e., a rectangular groove is formed at one side of a rectangle C, the second upper metal patch 102 is formed of a rectangle a and a circle connected to a short side of the rectangle a, and the third upper metal patch 103 is a rectangle B. The first lower metal patch 104 is circular, the cross sections of the second lower metal patch 301 and the third lower metal patch 502 are the same as the cross sections of the dielectric substrates, the second lower metal patch 301 is provided with a nonmetallic hole for the second metalized blind hole 1103 to pass through, and the third lower metal patch 502 is provided with a feed port. Illustratively, taking k=2, the long side of rectangle a is perpendicular to the long side of rectangle B.
In this embodiment, the concave structure of the first upper metal patch 101 can increase the current length difference with the third upper metal patch 103 through the groove region, thereby realizing circular polarization characteristics. The second upper metal patch 102 is a feed line, which adjusts impedance matching. The third upper metal patch 103 is shaped to create a 90 deg. phase difference with the first upper metal patch 101.
In some embodiments of the invention, the antenna unit further comprises a third semi-cured layer and a fourth dielectric substrate, which are positioned in sequence above the third dielectric substrate 5; the fourth dielectric substrate adopts a non-metallized dielectric substrate for widening the antenna beam.
It is easy to understand that in this embodiment, corresponding through holes are opened on the third semi-cured layer and the fourth dielectric substrate.
The invention also provides a Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna array, which is formed by distributing M multiplied by N antenna subarrays in a rectangular array form, and referring to FIG. 8, each antenna subarray is formed by distributing four band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna units in a rectangular array form, wherein M, N is more than or equal to 1.
In the array, the array form adopts a rotation vector method array, and the feeding form adopts a mode that the phases of 4 antenna units are different by 90 degrees respectively.
The invention also provides a phased array which can be used for millimeter wave antenna communication and high-resolution radar imaging and mainly comprises a feed transmission structure, a T/R component T0 and a Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic electric dipole antenna array. The feeding transmission structure is arranged below the antenna array, and is a metal layer provided with a plurality of T/R component output ports, and the output end of the T/R component T0 is connected with the second upper metal patch 102 through the T/R component output port, the fourth metallized blind hole 1105, the upper metal transmission line 501 and the second metallized blind hole 1103 for feeding. The antenna array is used as a radiation structure, and the three-dimensional form of the antenna array can realize the circular polarized antenna beam radiation with wide impedance bandwidth and wide axial ratio bandwidth.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the feed transmission structure may be a metal layer 502 printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 5. The number of the feed transmission structures and the number of the T/R components T0 are the same as that of the antenna subarrays, one feed transmission structure is arranged below each antenna subarray, one T/R component T0 is arranged below each feed transmission structure, each feed transmission structure is provided with four T/R component output ports, each T/R component T0 comprises four phase shifters corresponding to four ports, namely a first port T01, a second port T02, a third port T03 and a fourth port T04, a central rotation symmetrical structure is adopted, as shown in fig. 9, the corresponding sizes of the T/R components T0 and the antennas are 10 multiplied by 10mm, and the section height of the antennas is 2.054mm.
In the same antenna subarray, each phase shifter is correspondingly connected with one Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit, the rotation angle of each Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit is the same as the phase of the phase shifter connected with the same and is n times of 90 degrees, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 respectively;
in the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent Ka wave band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna units is 90 degrees, and/or the phase difference of any two adjacent phase shifters is 90 degrees, and 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are usually taken to realize the feed matching with the bottom T/R component.
Because each antenna unit of the phased array meets the axial ratio requirement, the rear end T/R assembly is further combined through a rotation vector method, the active phased array design is realized by adjusting the excitation phase of each antenna unit, meanwhile, the sparse array design can be performed to realize the low side lobe characteristic of the antenna array and reduce the number of array elements required under the same caliber, and further, the miniaturization and integration of the antenna array are realized.
Further, in the antenna sub-array structure shown in fig. 8, four groups of magneto-electric dipole antenna elements are respectively a first element 11a, a second element 12a, a third element 13a and a fourth element 14a, and the upper metal transmission line 501, the third lower metal patch 502, and portions of the third metallized blind via 1104 and the fourth metallized blind via 1105 on the third dielectric substrate 5 form a feeding structure, in which the corresponding first feeding element 51a, second feeding element 52a, third feeding element 53a and fourth feeding element 54a are shown. The first unit 11a is correspondingly connected to the first port T01 through the first power supply unit 51a, the second unit 12a is correspondingly connected to the second port T02 through the second power supply unit 52a, the third unit 13a is correspondingly connected to the third port T03 through the third power supply unit 53a, and the fourth unit 14a is correspondingly connected to the fourth port T04 through the fourth power supply unit 54a. Thus, the rotation angle of each antenna element is the same as the phase of the corresponding connected phase shifter and is n times 90 °, where n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. And the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent antenna units and/or the phase difference of the phase shifters correspondingly connected are 90 degrees. The rotation angle of the first unit 11a is the same as the phase of the first phase shifter and is 0; the clockwise rotation angle of the second unit 12a is the same as the phase of the second phase shifter and is 90 °; the clockwise rotation angle of the third unit 13a is the same as the phase of the third phase shifter and is 180 °; the clockwise rotation angle of the fourth element 14a is the same as the phase of the fourth phase shifter and is 270 °.
The cross polarization component generated by the first unit 11a and the cross polarization components coupled to the second unit 12a and the fourth unit 14a cancel each other, and the cross polarization component generated by the second unit 12a and the cross polarization component coupled to the third unit 13a cancel each other, and the cross polarization component generated by the third unit 13a and the cross polarization component coupled to the fourth unit 14a cancel each other, so that a better main polarization component can be obtained. When the antenna units form an array to scan beams, a wider scanning angle can be obtained, so that the improvement of the axial ratio characteristic of the circularly polarized phased array antenna is realized, and the Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit has the advantages of small volume, light weight and low section.
In some embodiments of the present invention, taking n=1 as an example shown in fig. 9, a 4-element array Ka-band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole phased array is formed, the first unit 11a is a reference point, the phase of the first unit 11a is 0, and the phase of a first phase shifter connected to the antenna 11a is 0 °; the second unit 12a is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first unit 11a, and the phase of the second phase shifter connected to the antenna 12a is 90 °; the third unit 13a is rotated 180 ° clockwise with respect to the first unit 11a, and the phase of the third phase shifter connected to the third unit 13a is 180 °; the fourth element 14a is rotated by 270 ° in time relative to the first element 11a, and the phase of the fourth phase shifter connected to the fourth element 14a is 270 °. Wherein, the firstThe spacing between the unit 11a and the second antenna unit 12a and the spacing between the unit 14a are 5.15mm; the distance between the second unit 12a and the third unit 13a is 5.15mm; the distance between the third unit 13a and the fourth unit 14a is 5.15mm. Length l of rectangular C slot side 1 Length of non-grooved side l=1.75 2 Groove depth l of rectangular groove =1.3 3 Groove bottom length l =0.8 4 =1.1, one of the slotted arms is provided with a circular hole for connecting the metallized via 1102, the radius r of the circular hole 1 =0.1, spacing l between the round hole and the slotted side of the rectangle C 5 =0.25, a pitch l corresponding to the non-slotted side of the slotted arm 6 Distance l between rectangle B and rectangle a =0.25 7 Length l of long side of rectangle B =0.25 8 Length of short side l =1.45 9 =0.5, distance l between the short side of the circle to which rectangle a is connected and the center of the circle 10 Height h of first dielectric substrate 1 =2.1 1 Height h of =0.381, first semi-cured layer 2 2 =0.111, height h of second dielectric substrate 3 3 =1.016, height h of second semi-cured layer 4 4 Height h of third dielectric substrate 5 =0.254 5 =0.238 radius r of the first underlying metal patch 104 2 Radius r of nonmetallic pores opened on second lower metal patch 301 =0.25 3 ＝0.35。
Fig. 10 shows standing wave ratio of the active phased array antenna unit, wherein the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit of the active phased array is smaller than 1.8 in the range of 25.19-34.41 GHz, and the antenna unit has wider radiation bandwidth.
Fig. 11 is a graph of the axial ratio bandwidth of the active phased array antenna unit, the axial ratio of the antenna unit of the phased array being less than 3dB in the range 25.27-34.62 GHz.
As shown in fig. 12, the 3dB beamwidth of the azimuth and elevation faces of the antenna element is 94 °.
As shown in fig. 13, the Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole phased array antenna is composed of m×n Ka-band circularly polarized antenna sub-arrays, and M, N is a natural number equal to or greater than 1. When the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna is used for beam scanning, a wider scanning angle can be obtained, and the Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit has the advantages of small volume, light weight and low profile. Fig. 11 shows a subarray of a Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole phased array antenna, specifically, a subarray of a 2×2 Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna may also have other combinations based on subarrays, such as 2×2, 4×4, 6×6, 8×8, … …, which is not limited in this embodiment.
As shown in fig. 14, the antenna array has a directivity pattern at 30ghz 0 °, the Ka-band circularly polarized phased array antenna has a horizontal beam width of 50 ° and a gain of 10.27dB at constant amplitude and in phase.
As shown in fig. 15, the axial ratio of the circularly polarized phased array antenna subarray at 30GHz is smaller than 3dB.
In the invention, the antenna microwave dielectric substrate adopts Rogers 3003 microwave plate, and the surface of the antenna microwave dielectric substrate is subjected to nickel-gold plating treatment. The reflective bottom plate is made of copper, and the surface is subjected to nickel-gold plating treatment. The feed probe is copper. The feed connection is welded by BGA and T/R components and sintered at the bottom of the reflecting bottom plate.
In summary, the invention not only can realize circular polarization working state and wide directional diagram wave beam, but also can realize scanning after being assembled, and has the characteristics of simple and compact structure, low cost, high reliability and stable performance.

Claims (10)

1. The Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (1), a first semi-cured layer (2), a second dielectric substrate (3), a second semi-cured layer (4) and a third dielectric substrate (5) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1) is printed with a first upper-layer metal patch (101), a second upper-layer metal patch (102) and a third upper-layer metal patch (103) which are not connected with each other, and the lower surface is printed with a first lower-layer metal patch (104); a second lower-layer metal patch (301) is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate (3); an upper metal transmission line (501) is printed on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate (5), and a third lower metal patch (502) is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate;
the first upper metal patch (101) is connected with the first lower metal patch (104) through a first metalized blind hole (1101); the second upper metal patch (102) is connected with the upper metal transmission line (501) through a second metalized blind hole (1103); the second lower-layer metal patch (301) is connected with the third lower-layer metal patch (502) through a third metalized blind hole (1104), and the upper-layer metal transmission line (501) is connected with a feed port through a fourth metalized blind hole (1105) penetrating through the third dielectric substrate (5).
2. The Ka-band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein a grounded metallized via (1102) is provided through the first dielectric substrate (1), the first semi-cured layer (2), the second dielectric substrate (3), the second semi-cured layer (4) and the third dielectric substrate (5), said metallized via (1102) connecting the first upper layer metal patch (101), the second lower layer metal patch (301) and the third lower layer metal patch (502); and a third upper layer metal patch (103), a second lower layer metal patch (301), and a third lower layer metal patch (502); the number of the metallized through holes (1102) is plural, and the metallized through holes are distributed in a central symmetry mode.
3. The Ka-band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the number of the first upper layer metal patches (101), the number of the third upper layer metal patches (103) and the number of the first lower layer metal patches (104) are all K, the number of the second upper layer metal patches (102) is 1, the second upper layer metal patches (102) are arranged in the center of the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate (1), and the first upper layer metal patches (101) and the third upper layer metal patches (103) are distributed at intervals and are symmetrical around the center of the second upper layer metal patches (102); each first upper metal patch (101) is connected with one first lower metal patch (104) through a first metalized blind via (1101).
4. A Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna element according to claim 3, wherein said first upper layer metal patch (101) has a concave structure, said second upper layer metal patch (102) is composed of a rectangle a and a circle connected to a short side of the rectangle a, and said third upper layer metal patch (103) is a rectangle B; the first lower-layer metal patch (104) is circular, the cross sections of the second lower-layer metal patch (301) and the third lower-layer metal patch (502) are the same as the cross sections of the dielectric substrates, the second lower-layer metal patch (301) is provided with a nonmetal hole for the second metalized blind hole (1103) to pass through, and the third lower-layer metal patch (502) is provided with a feed port.
5. The Ka-band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna element according to claim 4, wherein k=2, said rectangular a long side is perpendicular to said rectangular B long side, said concave structure is a rectangular groove on one side of a rectangle C, wherein length l of a grooved side of a rectangle C 1 Length of non-grooved side l=1.75 2 Groove depth l of rectangular groove =1.3 3 Groove bottom length l =0.8 4 =1.1, one of the arms is provided with a circular hole for connecting the metallized via (1102), the distance l between the circular hole and the slotted side of the rectangle C 5 =0.25, a pitch l corresponding to the non-slotted side of the slotted arm 6 Distance l between rectangle B and rectangle a =0.25 7 Length l of long side of rectangle B =0.25 8 Length of short side l =1.45 9 =0.5, distance l between the short side of the circle to which rectangle a is connected and the center of the circle 10 ＝2.1。
6. The Ka-band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit according to claim 1, further comprising a third semi-cured layer and a fourth dielectric substrate sequentially over the third dielectric substrate (5); the fourth dielectric substrate is a non-metallized dielectric substrate and is used for widening antenna beams.
7. A Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna array, comprising m×n antenna subarrays distributed in a rectangular array, the antenna subarrays comprising four Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna units according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 distributed in a rectangular array, wherein M, N is greater than or equal to 1.
8. A phased array comprising a feed transmission structure, a T/R assembly (T0), and the Ka band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna array of claim 7;
the feed transmission structure is arranged below the antenna array and is a metal layer provided with a plurality of T/R assembly output ports, and the output end of the T/R assembly (T0) is connected with the second upper metal patch (102) through the T/R assembly output port, the fourth metalized blind hole (1105), the upper metal transmission line (501) and the second metalized blind hole (1103) for feeding.
9. Phased array according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of feed transmission structures and T/R-assemblies (T0) is the same as the number of antenna subarrays, one feed transmission structure being arranged under each antenna subarray, one T/R-assembly (T0) being arranged under each feed transmission structure, each feed transmission structure having four T/R-assembly outlets, each T/R-assembly (T0) comprising four phase shifters;
in the same antenna subarray, each phase shifter is correspondingly connected with one Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit, the rotation angle of each Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna unit is the same as the phase of the phase shifter connected with the same and is n times of 90 degrees, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3 respectively;
in the same antenna subarray, the rotation angle difference of any two adjacent Ka wave band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna units is 90 degrees, and/or the phase difference of any two adjacent phase shifters is 90 degrees.
10. The phased array of claim 8, wherein the N has a value of 1, and forms a 4-element array Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole phased array, the beam widths of the azimuth plane and the depression plane of the Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna element are 94 °, the axial ratio in the beam width range is less than 3dB, the array gain of the 4-element subarray Ka-band circularly polarized magnetic dipole subarray when the subarrays are in phase with equal amplitude is 10.27dB, and the horizontal beam width is 50 °.
CN202310201694.4A 2023-03-06 2023-03-06 Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array Pending CN116093597A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310201694.4A CN116093597A (en) 2023-03-06 2023-03-06 Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310201694.4A CN116093597A (en) 2023-03-06 2023-03-06 Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116093597A true CN116093597A (en) 2023-05-09

Family

ID=86202686

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310201694.4A Pending CN116093597A (en) 2023-03-06 2023-03-06 Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116093597A (en)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN110323575B (en) Dual-polarized strong-coupling ultra-wideband phased array antenna loaded by electromagnetic metamaterial
US7212163B2 (en) Circular polarized array antenna
US9972915B2 (en) Optimized true-time delay beam-stabilization techniques for instantaneous bandwith enhancement
US7498989B1 (en) Stacked-disk antenna element with wings, and array thereof
CN112787098B (en) Two-dimensional circularly polarized wide-angle scanning phased array antenna
CN113644432B (en) Dual circularly polarized phased array antenna array
CN115810917A (en) Satellite-borne Ka-band circularly polarized antenna unit, antenna array and phased array
IL264570A (en) Low profile, ultra-wide band, low frequency modular phased array antenna with coincident phase center
CN207852911U (en) A kind of stripline antenna battle array based on continuous wave phased array
CN114883785B (en) Thin dual-polarization ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning array antenna
CN114709628A (en) W-band array antenna based on gap waveguide technology
Kati et al. A shared aperture x/ku-band 5-group-5-element series-fed center-fed antenna array with isolation improvement for airborne synthetic aperture radar applications
Kuosmanen et al. Dual-polarized 2–6 GHz antenna array with inverted BoR elements and integrated PCB feed
US20230369760A1 (en) Multi-band, shared-aperture, circularly polarized phased array antenna
CN116885459A (en) Design method of embedded widening angle scanning phased array antenna
CN115084872B (en) Ultra-wide bandwidth scanning angle tight coupling phased array antenna
CN110165406A (en) A kind of directional diagram reconstructable aerial unit and phased array
CN114566798A (en) Low-profile dual-polarized strong-coupling ultra-wideband full-wing conformal dipole phased array antenna
CN116093597A (en) Ka band circularly polarized magneto-electric dipole antenna unit, antenna array and phased array
CN113571902A (en) Phased array antenna based on dual-frequency leaky-wave structure
Sun et al. A review of microwave electronically scanned array: Concepts and applications
CN216529345U (en) Circularly polarized multilayer microstrip antenna unit and three-dimensional array thereof
CN116780208B (en) Phased array antenna with low scattering sidelobe and excellent radiation characteristics
Albani et al. A 2-D electronic beam steering phased array for point-multipoint communication applications
CA2916549C (en) Optimized true-time delay beam-stabilization techniques for instantaneous bandwidth enhancement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination