CN116083821A - Preparation process of casting material of rocker arm shell of coal mining machine - Google Patents
Preparation process of casting material of rocker arm shell of coal mining machine Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016897 MnNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The application discloses a preparation process of a casting material of a rocker arm shell of a coal mining machine, which comprises the following steps of: quenching: heating the casting blank to 870-900 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment, and then placing the casting blank in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching; tempering: tempering the quenched casting blank, heating to 560-620 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment, and performing air cooling after heat preservation; the casting blank is made of ZG25MnCrNiMo material. The ZG25MnCrNiMo material is adopted, and under specific process conditions, the prepared shell casting has excellent comprehensive performance, simple production process and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of metal material heat treatment, in particular to a preparation process of a casting material of a rocker arm shell of a coal mining machine.
Background
In the working process of the rocker arm shell of the existing coal mining machine, the working condition is severe, the working condition is complex, in recent years, under the action of higher-strength alternating load, accidents such as early failure, cracking and the like of the rocker arm shell are gradually increased, and the steel performance deficiency of the rocker arm shell is gradually exposed.
The main materials adopted by the cast steel of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine are as follows: ZG25MnNi and ZG30CrNiMo.
The ZG25MnNi adopts a normalizing and tempering heat treatment process, and the hardness of the prepared steel casting is 135-175HB, the mechanical tensile strength is 575-595Mpa, and the yield strength is 335-375Mpa, which cannot meet the requirements of clients. After the steel casting is subjected to a tempering heat treatment process, the tensile strength after tempering basically meets the requirements, but the yield strength is 65% and does not meet the technical requirements, and the elongation of the steel casting is reduced and does not meet the technical requirements due to the fact that the yield strength is higher in part, and the shell hardness is basically 193-220HB.
ZG30CrNiMo is a high-strength material, and is not suitable for mass production due to the adoption of a normalizing and tempering heat treatment process, wherein the hardness and mechanical properties of the ZG30CrNiMo meet the requirements, but the ZG30CrNiMo has the advantages of complex production process, long production period, high cost and poor welding performance (particularly the condition of easy weld repair cracking during overhaul).
Therefore, development of a rocker arm shell casting material is urgently needed, and through a reasonable heat treatment process, the structure of the rocker arm shell made of steel materials is improved, grains are thinned, and the comprehensive performance of the material is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one technical problem, a casting material of a rocker arm shell of a coal mining machine with excellent comprehensive performance is developed.
According to the preparation process of the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine, the casting blank is subjected to tempering heat treatment, and the tempering heat treatment comprises the following steps:
step one, quenching treatment: heating the casting blank to 870-900 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment, and then placing the casting blank in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching;
tempering: tempering the quenched casting blank, heating to 560-620 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment, and performing air cooling after heat preservation;
the shell casting is made of ZG25MnCrNiMo material.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rocker arm shell casting adopts ZG25MnCrNiMo material, and Mn element improves the strength of the rocker arm casting; under the combined action of Cr element and Mo element, the crystal grains are further refined, so that the strength and hardenability of the rocker arm casting are further improved; the Ni element improves the plasticity and toughness of the rocker arm casting; under the combined action of all elements, the rocker arm shell casting prepared by the method has better comprehensive performance; in addition, by adopting a specific quenching and tempering process, when the quenching temperature is 870-900 ℃, the metallographic structure of the shell casting is transformed from austenite to martensite and a small amount of bainite, and the mechanical hardness and strength are improved at the moment; when the tempering temperature is 560-620 ℃, the material is converted into tempered sorbite and a small amount of bainitic structure, so that the toughness and the plasticity are improved, meanwhile, the material has higher strength and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, the mechanical properties of the prepared rocker arm shell are obviously improved, the strength defect of the ZG25MnNi material after tempering heat treatment and the characteristics of high cost and poor welding property of the ZG30CrNiMo high-strength material are overcome, and the production cost is greatly reduced; the method selects water quenching as a quenching medium, reduces stress concentration caused by section difference, and greatly reduces the risk of quenching crack.
Optionally, in the first step, the heating rate is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 2-6h, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 80 ℃/min.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the shell foundry goods of this application preparation is under the temperature curve of specific quenching and tempering, and in the quenching technology, the heating up rate is 100 ℃/h or less, and the cooling down rate is 80 ℃/min or less, has avoided the too fast shell foundry goods that leads to the heating up to produce crack defect, and the too fast shell foundry goods hardness that leads to after the tapping reduces, and intensity is although increasing, but plasticity and toughness can reduce becoming fragile, therefore under the rate of heating up and cooling down of this application, not only avoided the production of crack defect, and the shell foundry goods comprehensive properties of preparation is more excellent.
Optionally, the heat preservation time is t, and the unit is h: when x is a multiple of 25, t= [ x/25] and when x is not a multiple of 25, t= [ x/25] +1, wherein x is the thickness of a casting blank body, and the unit is mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method for calculating the quenching heat preservation time adopts a specific quenching heat preservation time calculation method, and controls the heat preservation time of the shell casting during quenching, so that the surface temperature and the core temperature of the shell casting are uniform and consistent, and the internal structure is uniform.
Optionally, the quenching temperature is 880 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the quenching temperature is 880 ℃, the hardness of the prepared shell casting is optimal.
Optionally, in the second step, the heating rate is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 4-6h, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 80 ℃/min.
Optionally, the thickness of the wall of the casting blank body is 50-134mm.
Alternatively, the tempering temperature is 620 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the comprehensive performance is better when the tempering temperature is 620 ℃.
Optionally, the metallographic structure of the quenched casting is a bainite structure with martensite of +5% or less.
By adopting the technical scheme, the quenched metallographic structure is a martensitic structure, and the prepared shell casting has excellent properties such as hardness, strength and the like.
Optionally, the metallographic structure of the tempered casting is a bainite structure with tempered sorbite of +5% or less.
By adopting the technical scheme, the tempered metallographic structure is tempered sorbite, has good toughness and plasticity, higher strength and excellent comprehensive mechanical property.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. in the method, ZG25MnCrNiMo material and a specific tempering heat treatment process are adopted to prepare the casing casting of the coal mining machine, so that the comprehensive mechanical property is excellent, and the economic benefit is high;
2. the water quenching medium is adopted in the quenching process, so that stress concentration caused by section difference is relieved, and the danger of quenching crack is greatly reduced;
3. the preparation process is simple, the cost is low, and the prepared shell casting has high hardness, strength and other performances and can be produced in a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 870 ℃ quenching+600 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 880 ℃ quenching+600 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 890 ℃ quenching+600 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 900 ℃ quenching+600 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 880 ℃ quenching+560 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 880 ℃ quenching+580 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 880 ℃ quenching+600 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 880 ℃ quenching+620 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure of 880 ℃ quenching+650 ℃ tempering in the application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure quenched at 870 ℃ in the application;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure quenched at 880 ℃ in the application;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a metallographic structure quenched at 890 ℃.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples.
According to the preparation process of the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine, which is designed by the application, the casting material is subjected to tempering heat treatment, and the tempering heat treatment comprises the following steps:
step one, quenching treatment: heating the shell casting to 870-900 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment, and then placing the shell casting in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching;
tempering: tempering the quenched shell casting, heating to 560-620 ℃, and performing heat preservation treatment, wherein the shell casting is made of ZG25MnCrNiMo material through air cooling after heat preservation.
Before the application, two materials ZG25MnNi and ZG30CrNiMo are mainly adopted on a casing casting of the coal mining machine. After the strength of the prepared shell casting cannot meet the requirements of customers, performing tempering heat treatment on ZG25MnNi, wherein the yield strength of the prepared shell casting still does not reach 65%; while the ZG30CrNiMo is subjected to normalizing and tempering heat treatment, the hardness and mechanical properties meet the requirements, but the production process is complex, the production period is long, the cost is high, the welding performance is poor, and the method is not suitable for mass production.
The inventor of the application has designed the technical scheme of the application to the above-mentioned problem, through special quenching and tempering heat treatment technology and specific casing foundry goods material, prepared the coal-winning machine casing foundry goods of the application, not only comprehensive mechanical properties is excellent, and economic benefits is high.
Therefore, the strength and cost of the shell casting are fully considered, firstly, a quenching and tempering heat treatment process is designed, and a specific quenching and tempering process is adopted, so that the prepared shell casting has a metallographic structure of tempered sorbite, and has the advantages of high strength, toughness and the like, and good comprehensive mechanical properties.
Finally, the casing casting of the coal mining machine prepared from the ZG25MnCrNiMo material meets the requirements of clients in all strength performance indexes, improves the welding performance and greatly reduces the occurrence of welding repair cracking.
ZG25MnCrNiMo, ZG25MnNi and ZG30CrNiMo are all commercial products.
Example 1
Quenching: quenching the casting blank with the wall thickness of 50mm and the material ZG25MnCrNiMo, wherein the heating rate is 100 ℃/h, when the temperature is raised to 870 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and then placing the casting blank in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching, and the cooling rate is 80 ℃/min;
tempering: tempering the quenched casting blank, wherein the heating rate is 100 ℃/h, and when the temperature is increased to 560 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4 hours, and the cooling rate is 80 ℃/min after the temperature is kept.
Example 2
Quenching: quenching the casting blank with the wall thickness of 70mm and the material ZG25MnCrNiMo, wherein the heating rate is 80 ℃/h, when the temperature is raised to 880 ℃, preserving the heat for 3 hours, and then placing the casting blank in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching, and the cooling rate is 60 ℃/min;
tempering: tempering the quenched casting blank, wherein the temperature rising rate is 90 ℃/h, the heat preservation is carried out for 4.5h, and the air cooling is carried out after the heat preservation, and the temperature reducing rate is 50 ℃/min.
Example 3
Quenching: quenching the casting blank with the wall thickness of 100mm and the material ZG25MnCrNiMo, wherein the heating rate is 60 ℃/h, when the temperature is raised to 890 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, and then placing the casting blank in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching, and the cooling rate is 40 ℃/min;
tempering: tempering the quenched casting blank, wherein the heating rate is 80 ℃/h, and when the temperature is raised to 600 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5h, and the cooling rate is 30 ℃/min after the heat is kept.
Example 4
Quenching: quenching the casting blank with the wall thickness of 134mm and the material ZG25MnCrNiMo, wherein the heating rate is 40 ℃/h, and when the temperature is raised to 900 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and then the casting blank is placed in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching, and the cooling rate is 20 ℃/min;
tempering: tempering the quenched casting blank, wherein the heating rate is 70 ℃/h, and when the temperature is raised to 620 ℃, the temperature is kept for 6h, and the cooling rate is 10 ℃/min after the heat is kept.
Comparative example 1
Based on example 1, the preparation process was identical except that the casting blank was ZG25 MnNi.
Comparative example 2
Based on example 1, the preparation process was identical except that the cast body was ZG30CrNiMo.
Comparative example 3
Based on example 1, the preparation process was identical except that the quenching treatment was a cooling quench in an oil-based matrix.
Performance tests were performed on examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Each performance test method is measured according to a method of TB/T2942-2015 general technical Condition for casting Steel for locomotives; metallographic structure testing was performed using scanning electron microscopy.
Table 1 performance test tables for examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-3
| Project | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| hardness/HBW | 260.8 | 290 | 272.4 | 257.8 | 224 | 214 | 224 |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 948 | 969 | 970.2 | 943 | 677 | 871 | 772 |
| Yield strength/MPa | 871 | 918 | 911.5 | 861 | 435 | 756 | 598 |
| Impact toughness/J | 72.1 | 61.1 | 74 | 73.4 | 88 | 36 | 62 |
| Area reduction/% | 44 | 40.5 | 30.6 | 43.4 | 21 | 47 | 16.5 |
As can be seen from examples 1-4, comparative examples 1-3 and Table 1, the shell castings prepared by adopting ZG25MnCrNiMo material and a specific quenching process have the lowest hardness of 257.8HBW, still higher than the highest hardness 241HBW in the TB/T2942-2015 standard, the yield strength and the tensile strength are far higher than those in the standard, the impact toughness is far higher than the standard 27J at the lowest of 61.1J, the area reduction rate is also higher than the standard, the comprehensive mechanical properties are excellent, the production process is simple, and the cost is low.
From the above comparative example 1, comparative example 2, example 1 and table 1, it is apparent that comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 respectively use ZG25MnNi and ZG30CrNiMo materials, and the manufacturing process of example 1 of the present application is used to manufacture a shell casting, and in comparative example 1, except that the impact toughness is 88J higher than the impact toughness of the present application, the hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and area reduction rate are all much lower than those of the shell casting manufactured using ZG25MnCrNiMo material of the present application, and the comprehensive mechanical properties are poor. In comparative example 2, the hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and impact toughness were all much lower than those of the shell castings prepared from ZG25MnCrNiMo material in this application, except that the reduction of area was 47% higher than that of this application, and the overall mechanical properties were poor. The ZG25MnCrNiMo material corresponds to a specific quenching and tempering heat treatment process, and under the process condition, the shell casting prepared from the ZG25MnCrNiMo material has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, and is far higher than the shell casting prepared from the existing material.
As is clear from the comparative example 3, the example 1 and the Table 1, the shell casting prepared by water quenching the quenching medium in the quenching process of the application has higher hardness and strength than the shell casting prepared by oil quenching medium, and has more excellent performance.
Examples 5 to 8
The casting blank with the wall thickness of 50mm and the material of ZG25MnCrNiMo is subjected to modulation heat treatment, the quenching process is shown in Table 2, the tempering temperature is 600 ℃, and the tempering time is 4.5h.
Table 2 examples 5-8 quenching process table
The shell castings prepared in examples 5-8 were subjected to performance testing, the test results are shown in Table 3, and the shell castings prepared in examples 5-8 were scanned for metallographic structures before tempering and after tempering.
Table 3 performance test table for shell castings prepared in examples 5-8
1-4, which are metallographic structures of the shell castings prepared in examples 5-8, when the quenching temperatures are 870 ℃ and 880 ℃, the metallographic structures are tempered sorbite+5% bainitic structures; when the quenching temperature is 890 ℃ and 900 ℃, the metallographic structure is a tempered sorbite structure.
10-12, which are metallographic structures of the shell castings after quenching in examples 5-7, when the quenching temperature is 870 ℃, the metallographic structures are martensite+5% bainite structures; when the quenching temperature is 880-890 ℃, the metallographic structure is a martensitic structure, and under the structure, the strength and the hardness of the shell casting are better.
It is evident from examples 5 to 8 and Table 3 that the properties, hardness, strength and toughness of the shell castings are optimized with increasing quenching temperature and decreasing after increasing the quenching temperature under the condition that the tempering process is certain, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of the shell castings are optimized under the condition that the quenching temperature is 880 ℃.
Examples 9 to 12 and comparative example 4
The casting blank with the wall thickness of 60mm and the material of ZG25MnCrNiMo is subjected to modulation heat treatment, the quenching temperature is 880 ℃, the quenching time is 3 hours, and the tempering process is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 tempering process table for examples 9-12 and comparative example 4
The shell castings prepared in examples 9 to 12 and comparative example 4 were subjected to performance test, the test results are shown in Table 5, and the shell castings prepared in examples 9 to 12 and comparative example 4 were scanned for metallographic structure after tempering.
Table 5 performance test table for shell castings prepared in examples 9-12 and comparative example 4
5-9, which are metallographic structure diagrams of the shell castings prepared in examples 9-12 and comparative example 4, wherein the tempered structures are tempered sorbite, and the structure forms are fine and uniformly distributed at the tempering temperature of 560-600 ℃; at the tempering temperature of 620 ℃, the morphology of the tissue starts to slightly change and is slightly coarse; when the tempering temperature is 650 ℃, the shape change is obvious, the overall shape is uneven, and the performance of the shell casting is affected.
From examples 9 to 12, comparative example 4 and Table 5, it is understood that under certain conditions of the quenching process, the hardness, tensile strength and yield strength of the shell casting decrease with increasing tempering temperature, the impact toughness and area reduction rate increase with increasing tempering temperature, and the comprehensive mechanical properties of the shell casting are optimal at the tempering temperature of 620 ℃.
The embodiments of this embodiment are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, in which like parts are denoted by like reference numerals. Therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered in the protection scope of this application.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation process of the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one
Quenching: heating the casting blank to 870-900 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment, and then placing the casting blank in a water-based matrix for cooling and quenching;
step two
Tempering: tempering the quenched casting blank, heating to 560-620 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment, and performing air cooling after heat preservation;
the casting blank is made of ZG25MnCrNiMo material.
2. The process for preparing the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the heating rate is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 2-6h, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 80 ℃/min.
3. The process for preparing the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine according to claim 2, wherein the heat preservation time is t, and the unit is h: when x is a multiple of 25,
when x is not a multiple of 25, +.>
Wherein x is the wall thickness of the casting blank body, and the unit is mm.
4. A process for preparing a casting material for a rocker arm shell of a coal mining machine according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the wall of the casting blank is 50-134mm.
5. The process for preparing a casting material for a rocker arm shell of a coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the quenching temperature is 880 ℃.
6. The process for preparing the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the heating rate is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 4-6h, and the cooling rate is less than or equal to 80 ℃/min.
7. The process for preparing a casting material for a rocker arm shell of a coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the tempering temperature is 620 ℃.
8. The process for preparing the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the heat preservation time is 4.5h.
9. The process for preparing the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein the metallographic structure of the casting after quenching is a bainite structure with martensite of +5% or less.
10. The process for preparing the casting material of the rocker arm shell of the coal mining machine according to claim 1, wherein the metallographic structure of the casting after tempering is a bainite structure with tempered sorbite of +5% or less.
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