CN115927805A - Heat treatment method for improving grain size of 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for improving grain size of 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of martensite heat-resistant stainless steel, in particular to a heat treatment method for improving the grain size of a 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensite stainless steel forging; comprises a preliminary heat treatment, a performance heat treatment, a first tempering treatment and a second tempering treatment. The invention adds a preliminary heat treatment process before the performance heat treatment process, and adds a long-time heat preservation process at a high temperature stage when the performance heat treatment is quenched and heated, and then shortens the heat preservation time at the high-temperature quenching temperature to obtain a forged product with the grain size being more than or equal to 4; compared with the traditional heat treatment process, the obtained forged piece product has good quality, the phenomena of unqualified grain size of the forged piece product and mixed crystal accompanying can be avoided, the rework times are greatly reduced, the production time is saved, the production efficiency is effectively improved, the delivery cycle is not influenced, the cracking and scrapping risks of the forged piece product are reduced, the production cost can be effectively saved, and good economic benefits are created for enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of martensite heat-resistant stainless steel, in particular to a heat treatment method for improving the grain size of a 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensite stainless steel forging.
Background
10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB belongs to martensite heat-resistant stainless steel and is a new material introduced from foreign countries in China; the material is mainly used for high-temperature load parts of supercritical (super) critical steam turbines, and products mainly relate to forging pieces such as steam turbine valve seats, shrink rings and the like, so that the material is widely applied.
However, in actual production in factories, the material type forgings often have the phenomena of coarse grain size, mixed crystals and other unqualified performances after performance heat treatment. The reason for this phenomenon is that: the designed service temperature of the material is 660 ℃, and the material is required to meet the mechanical property at normal temperature and also meet the high-temperature lasting mechanical property at the high temperature of 660 ℃. Therefore, in order to meet the high-temperature durability, the performance heat treatment quenching temperature of the material is required to be very high, and the quenching temperature is usually about 1085 ℃ to 1115 ℃; measured in the course of subsequent test tests: the phase transition temperature point Ac1 of the material is about 780 ℃, ac3 is about 905 ℃, and Ms is about 365 ℃. The quenching temperature of the performance heat treatment of the conventional material is 30-50 ℃ above the Ac3 temperature point. The quenching temperature point of the material is higher than the phase change temperature point by more than 180 ℃. Therefore, at such a high quenching temperature, a phenomenon of coarsening of the grain size after quenching is inevitably caused.
According to actual statistics of factories, the original grain size of the material product before performance heat treatment is poor, and is generally about 1-2 grade. Because the steel has the advantages of high content of alloy elements, strong hardenability and obvious tissue inheritance, the original grain size of the forged piece is difficult to refine by the traditional pretreatment process after forging. The original grain size of the product is poor, so that repeated heat treatment reworking is often needed in subsequent performance heat treatment, the mechanical properties of the forged piece are influenced by the repeated heat treatment reworking, and the deformation, cracking and the like of the forged piece are greatly risked by repeated heat treatment. Moreover, the grain size of the product prepared by the material through the traditional heat treatment process is generally about 0-1 grade, and the grain size of the obtained material product is poor.
Therefore, a heat treatment method for improving the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provides the heat treatment method for improving the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging, and solves the problems that the original grain size of the product proposed in the background technology is poor, the original grain size of the forging is difficult to refine through the traditional post-forging pretreatment process, multiple times of heat treatment reworking is needed in subsequent performance heat treatment, the multiple times of heat treatment reworking affects the mechanical properties of the forging, and the repeated heat treatment has great risks on deformation, cracking and the like of the forging. And the grain size of a product made of the material by the traditional heat treatment process is generally about 0-1 grade, and the grain size of the obtained material product is poor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the heat treatment method for improving the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging comprises the following steps:
performing preliminary heat treatment, namely loading the rough machined forge piece into a high-temperature well type electric furnace, heating the rough machined forge piece to the preheating temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the rough machined forge piece to the normalizing temperature of 1030 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, then hoisting the forge piece out, and air cooling the forge piece for later use;
performing performance heat treatment, namely putting the forged piece subjected to the preliminary heat treatment into a high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 1030 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, then heating the forged piece to the quenching temperature of 1100 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, lifting the forged piece out, and quenching the forged piece into quenching oil for cooling for later use;
the first tempering treatment, namely, the forge piece subjected to the performance heat treatment is loaded into a high-temperature well type electric furnace again, the temperature of the forge piece is raised to the preheating temperature of 350 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, the temperature is preserved for 3 hours, the temperature is raised to the tempering temperature of 690 +/-20 ℃, the temperature is preserved for 12 hours, and then the forge piece is lifted out and air-cooled for standby;
and (3) carrying out secondary tempering treatment, namely, putting the forged piece subjected to the primary tempering treatment into a high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 350 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the forged piece to the tempering temperature of 690 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, then lifting the forged piece out, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a forged material product with the grain size of more than or equal to 4.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the high-temperature well type electric furnace adopts an RJ2-312-13 type high-temperature well type electric furnace.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the preliminary heat treatment step, the forged piece is cooled in air to below 100 ℃.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the performance heat treatment step, the forging is quenched into quenching oil and cooled to the surface temperature of below 80 ℃.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the first tempering treatment step, the forged piece is cooled in air to room temperature.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention relates to a heat treatment method for improving the grain size of a 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging, which adds a preliminary heat treatment process before a performance heat treatment process, adds a long-time heat preservation process in a high-temperature stage when the performance heat treatment is quenched and heated, and then shortens the heat preservation time of the high-temperature quenching temperature to obtain a forging material product with the grain size of more than or equal to 4; compared with the traditional heat treatment process, the obtained forged piece product has good quality, the phenomena of unqualified grain size of the forged piece product and mixed crystal accompanying can not occur, the reworking times are greatly reduced, the production time is saved, the production efficiency is effectively improved, the delivery period can not be influenced, meanwhile, the cracking and scrapping risks of the forged piece product are reduced, the production cost can be effectively saved, and good economic benefits are created for enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a heat treatment method for increasing grain size of a 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the grain size change of a forged piece processed by a conventional performance heat treatment process in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the grain size change of a forged piece processed by the improved performance heat treatment process according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure morphology of a forged piece with a grain size enlarged by 100 times before the heat treatment process is improved according to the embodiment of the invention. FIG. 5 is another angular microstructure topography of a forging with a grain size magnification of 100 times before the embodiment of the invention improves the heat treatment process.
FIG. 6 is a microstructure morphology of a forged piece with grain size enlarged by 100 times after the heat treatment process is improved according to the embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 is another angular microstructure morphology of a forging with a grain size enlarged by 100 times after a heat treatment process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The traditional performance heat treatment process is adopted to treat the forged piece product with poor original grain size, the original grain size of the forged piece is difficult to refine, multiple times of heat treatment reworking are needed in subsequent performance heat treatment, the multiple times of heat treatment reworking influence the mechanical properties of the forged piece, and the repeated heat treatment has great risks on deformation, cracking and the like of the forged piece. And the grain size of a product made of the material by the traditional heat treatment process is generally about 0-1 grade, and the grain size of the obtained material product is poor.
At present, the traditional performance heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
referring to the attached figure 2, the forged piece after rough machining is loaded into a high-temperature well type electric furnace, performance heat treatment (comprising two steps of quenching and tempering) is directly carried out, wherein the temperature is raised to the preheating temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, then the temperature is raised to the quenching temperature of 1100 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4.5 hours, then the forged piece is lifted out and is quenched into quenching oil for cooling for later use; and (3) putting the forge piece subjected to performance heat treatment into the high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forge piece to the preheating temperature of 350 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the forge piece to the tempering temperature of 690 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, then lifting the forge piece out, and air cooling the forge piece to the room temperature to obtain the forge material product.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems existing in the traditional performance heat treatment process, improves the traditional performance heat treatment process, and further provides a heat treatment method for improving the grain size of a 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging, which comprises the following steps (the size of the original forging adopted in the embodiment is phi 2130mm phi 1720mm 270mm) with reference to the attached drawings 1 and 3-7:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) loading the forged piece after rough machining into a high-temperature well type electric furnace, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, keeping the temperature for 3 hours after the temperature is reached by the instrument display temperature, heating the forged piece to the normalizing temperature of 1030 +/-20 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8 hours after the temperature is reached by the instrument display temperature, then lifting the forged piece out, and cooling the forged piece in air to the temperature below 100 ℃.
In the embodiment, the furnace charging amount of each furnace is controlled within 3-5, the forgings are uniformly laid, and the interval between the forgings is preferably more than 50 mm.
In this embodiment, the high-temperature well type electric furnace is an RJ2-312-13 type high-temperature well type electric furnace.
Step two: and (3) performing performance heat treatment, namely putting the forging subjected to the preliminary heat treatment into a high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the high-temperature well type electric furnace to the preheating temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, keeping the temperature for 3h after the temperature is reached by the instrument display temperature, heating the high-temperature well type electric furnace to the preheating temperature of 1030 +/-20 ℃ again, keeping the temperature for 5h after the temperature is reached by the instrument display temperature, then heating the high-temperature well type electric furnace to the quenching temperature of 1100 +/-10 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h after the temperature is reached by the instrument display temperature, lifting the forging out, quenching the forging into quenching oil, and cooling the forging to the surface temperature of below 80 ℃.
Step three: and (3) carrying out first tempering treatment, namely, putting the forge piece subjected to performance heat treatment into a high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forge piece to the preheating temperature of 350 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, keeping the temperature for 3h after the temperature is reached by the instrument display temperature, heating the forge piece to the tempering temperature of 690 +/-20 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12h after the temperature is reached by the instrument display temperature, then lifting the forge piece out, and carrying out air cooling to the room temperature.
Step four: and (3) carrying out secondary tempering treatment, namely loading the forged piece subjected to the primary tempering treatment into the high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 350 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, keeping the temperature for 3 hours after the temperature displayed by an instrument reaches the temperature, heating the forged piece to the tempering temperature of 690 +/-20 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12 hours after the temperature displayed by the instrument reaches the temperature, then hoisting the forged piece out, and carrying out air cooling on the forged piece to the room temperature to obtain a forged product with the grain size of more than or equal to 4.
The principle of the improved heat treatment process provided by the invention is as follows:
(1) The temperature point of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB material is tested, and the crystal grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB material is heated and insulated at 1020-1050 ℃, most of alloy elements in the material are austenitized, and then air cooling treatment is carried out, so that the fine original crystal grain size can be obtained (the purpose is to carry out low-temperature normalizing treatment). Tests show that the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB material does not grow even if the heat preservation treatment is carried out for a long time at the temperature range, and the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB material treated by the temperature treatment can reach above grade 4.
(2) The grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB material begins to grow after heating and heat preservation at 1060 ℃ and above, and the grain size growth is obvious along with the increase of the heating temperature and the extension of the heat preservation time.
(3) After the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB material is heated and insulated at the temperature of 1100 ℃, the high-temperature durability is better, and the grain size of the material grows obviously. Meanwhile, the grain size can grow by 1-2 levels within 1-2h along with the extension of the heat preservation time. And after the heat preservation is carried out for 4 hours, the grain size can be changed into 0-1 grade macroscopic coarse grains.
In conclusion, the invention improves the traditional performance heat treatment process by combining the performance of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB material, and adopts the scheme that a preliminary heat treatment process is added before the performance heat treatment process, a long-time heat preservation process at a high temperature stage is added during the quenching and heating of the performance heat treatment, and then the heat preservation time at the high temperature quenching temperature is shortened. By the improved scheme, a forged material product with the grain size not less than 4 can be obtained. Compared with the traditional heat treatment process, the obtained forged piece product has good quality, the phenomena of unqualified grain size of the forged piece product and mixed crystal accompanying can not occur, the reworking times are greatly reduced, the production time is saved, the production efficiency is effectively improved, the delivery period can not be influenced, meanwhile, the cracking and scrapping risks of the forged piece product are reduced, the production cost can be effectively saved, and good economic benefits are created for enterprises.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The heat treatment method for improving the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
performing preliminary heat treatment, namely loading the rough machined forge piece into a high-temperature well type electric furnace, heating the rough machined forge piece to the preheating temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the rough machined forge piece to the normalizing temperature of 1030 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 8 hours, then hoisting the forge piece out, and air cooling the forge piece for later use;
performing performance heat treatment, namely putting the forged piece subjected to the preliminary heat treatment into a high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 650 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 1030 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, then heating the forged piece to the quenching temperature of 1100 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, lifting the forged piece out, and quenching the forged piece into quenching oil for cooling for later use;
the first tempering treatment, namely putting the forged piece subjected to the performance heat treatment into a high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 350 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the forged piece to the tempering temperature of 690 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, then hoisting the forged piece out, and air cooling the forged piece for later use;
and (3) carrying out secondary tempering treatment, namely loading the forged piece subjected to the primary tempering treatment into the high-temperature well type electric furnace again, heating the forged piece to the preheating temperature of 350 +/-20 ℃ along with the high-temperature well type electric furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating the forged piece to the tempering temperature of 690 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, then hoisting the forged piece out, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a forged material product with the grain size of more than or equal to 4.
2. The heat treatment method for improving the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature well type electric furnace is an RJ2-312-13 type high-temperature well type electric furnace.
3. The heat treatment method for improving the grain size of a 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging according to claim 1, wherein in the preliminary heat treatment step, the forging is air-cooled to below 100 ℃.
4. The heat treatment method for improving the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging according to claim 1, wherein in the performance heat treatment step, the forging is quenched into quenching oil and cooled to the surface temperature of below 80 ℃.
5. The heat treatment method for improving the grain size of the 10Cr11Co3W3NiMoVNbNB martensitic stainless steel forging according to claim 1, wherein in the first tempering treatment step, the forging is air-cooled to room temperature.
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| CN116713419A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-08 | 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 | Thermal processing method and system for improving mechanical properties of 13Cr10Mo1W1VNbN gas turbine wheel disc forging |
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| CN110983005A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 陕西宏远航空锻造有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method of 0Cr11Ni2MoVNb steel forging |
Cited By (1)
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| CN116713419A (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-09-08 | 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 | Thermal processing method and system for improving mechanical properties of 13Cr10Mo1W1VNbN gas turbine wheel disc forging |
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