CN100503893C - Process for producing gear with hard bainite structure on surface - Google Patents
Process for producing gear with hard bainite structure on surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN100503893C CN100503893C CNB2006101020277A CN200610102027A CN100503893C CN 100503893 C CN100503893 C CN 100503893C CN B2006101020277 A CNB2006101020277 A CN B2006101020277A CN 200610102027 A CN200610102027 A CN 200610102027A CN 100503893 C CN100503893 C CN 100503893C
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- carburizing
- bainite structure
- hard bainite
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Abstract
The process of making gear with hard bainite structure has the material of aluminum-containing carburized steel in the aluminum content of 0.5-2.0 wt%. The process includes forging or rolling the gear, carburizing the surface of the gear, and final heat treatment, which comprises austenitizing at 850-920 deg.c, maintaining in medium at 180-350 deg.c for 0.1-20 hr, air cooling, and final tempering at 150-350 deg.c for 1-3 hr. The gear with martensite in the core and hard bainite structure in the surface possesses excellent use performance, less heat treatment deformation and long service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to basic mechanical component manufacturing technology field, it is a principle of utilizing material composition decision tissue, make gear surface different with martensitic transformation temperature by correct design alloying constituent and carburizing with inner bainitic transformation temperature, obtaining the top layer in conjunction with corresponding heat treatment technics is that hard bainite heart portion is a tempered martensite, thereby obtains basic mechanical component such as the gear of the little and excellent comprehensive mechanical property of heat treatment deformation and bearing.
Background technology
As everyone knows, gear is the vital part in the mechanical means, and it should have good wear resistance, possess high anti-contact fatigue and counter-bending fatigue property again, and the quality of gear quality is directly connected to the work-ing life of entire equipment.And the quality of gear quality depends on gear material and thermal treatment process thereof to a great extent.Therefore, mechanical field is all very paid attention to the research and development of gear material and heat treatment technics thereof both at home and abroad, and successively develops a series of new gear materials and advanced thermal treatment process.In medium-term and long-term plans are also listed the innovation of the manufacturing technology of this base part by China, and carry out the emphasis tackling key problem.
Traditional gear mainly contains low-carbon low-alloy steels such as 20CrMnTi, 20CrMo, 20CrMnMo and 20Cr and 30Mn with material, be mainly 12Cr2Ni4A, 18Cr2Ni4WA steel for some important gear steels.Develop again in recent years and many novel materials that are used to make gear.Such as the large gear that is applied to fully loaded transportation condition, lower-cost no nickel or low nickel steel Pinion Steel 15CrMn2SiMo have been developed, in order to replace higher 12Cr2Ni4A, the 18Cr2Ni4WA steel of price.The quiet curved intensity of this no nickel Pinion Steel and 12Cr2Ni4A steel is approaching, its impact value even be better than the 12Cr2Ni4A steel, and fatigue property also can compare favourably with it.Low-carbon air-cooled bainitic steel is another new gear steel, compare with traditional 20CrMnTi steel, not only carburization process is functional for it, good mechanical performance, and can adopt the carburetted gas cold quenching and reduce the gear carburizing quenching deflection, but thereby its manufacturing accuracy of the raising of less expensive and performance, it is particularly suitable for making parts such as car speed change feather cockscomb gear, back axle gear.The air cooling low-carbon bainite steel of domestic production at present mainly contains two big classes, Mn-B series and Si-Mn-Mo series, and the tissue of this gear user mode is: the top layer is martensite, carbide and residual austenite, heart portion is a bainite.Also have meta-bainite converted steel, quasi-bainite steel to have advantages such as high-strength and high ductility, technology are simple, with low cost, be used widely, its middle gear is exactly one of them important use field.Quasi-bainite steel passes through carburizing treatment and the later tissue of air quenching is, the top layer is high carbon martensite and small portion of residual austenite, and heart portion is lath martensite or meta-bainite.In addition, also have cast steel gear steel such as ZG35SiMn, ZG42SiMn.The mechanical property of cast steel is not as good as forging rolling system steel, but its intensity and spheroidal graphite cast iron are close, and impact toughness and fatigue strength are all much higher than spheroidal graphite cast iron.Cast steel is usually used in making not really high to requirement of strength, but the gear complex-shaped, that diameter is bigger.Also developed such as as-cast ball iron gear, Austempering ductile iron gear and 2 shellfish ductile iron gears difficult to understand or the like.
The prior heat treatment process that the gear parent is commonly used is normalizing, and along with developing of automobile industry, people more and more pay attention to the thermal treatment in advance of Gear Forging Stock.Utilizing the isothermal annealing technology generations is exactly a new development for original normalizing process, tooth base after the isothermal annealing can obtain lamellar pearlite+ferritic structure and hardness uniformly uniformly, tooth base after isothermal annealing has good machinability, reduce the loss of cutter, prolong the life-span of cutter, in addition the also final heat treated quenching strain rule of stabilizer elements to some extent.The final thermal treatment of gear mainly contains the hard surfacing of high-frequency induction resistive heating at present, it is to utilize high frequency electric source and electrical contact that workpiece is carried out induction heating and resistive heating simultaneously, according to surface action, workpiece surface is warmed up to more than Ac3+ (30～50) ℃, sharply cooling and make workpiece surface obtain very a kind of method for quenching surface of high rigidity again, in addition, also have LASER HEAT TREATMENT, carburizing treatment and nitriding processing etc.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency that existing gear material and treatment process exist, the invention provides the manufacturing technology that a kind of surface has the hard bainite structure gear, hard bainite is the carbide-free Bainite tissue in the high-carbon content steel, and it is very tiny and do not have a bainite structure of carbide by obtain the substructure size in the Ms point temperature isothermal quenching a little more than material.It has the hardness of quenched martensite and higher toughness, therefore, shows very excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, is the novel organization material that a kind of extremely has application prospect.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the starting material of making gear are that MnSiAl, MnSiMoAl, MnSiWAl, CrSiMoAl, CrSiWAl, MnCrNiSiMoAl and MnCrNiSiWAl series contain aluminium converted steel, and it is 0.5-2.0wt% that this series contains aluminium converted steel aluminum content.
Its manufacturing process is:
At first will forge attitude or roll attitude and contain aluminium converted steel and be machined into gear, and afterwards gear surface be carried out carburizing treatment, carburization process is: 900 ℃-950 ℃ of carburizing temperatures, carburizing time 1-5h; At last gear is carried out final thermal treatment;
Final thermal treatment process is: be heated to 850 ℃-920 ℃ and carry out austenitizing and handle, in temperature is 180 ℃-350 ℃ medium, keep 0.1-20h then after air cooling, at last in 150 ℃-350 ℃ insulation 1-3h tempering.
The present invention proposes to handle by rational gear fertile material chemical composition design and in conjunction with corresponding carburizing treatment technology and final thermal treatment process, producing the top layer is that hard bainite structure heart portion is the high-performance gear of tempered martensite, for the manufacturing of basic component of machine provides a kind of new Technology.
At first the raw-material chemical ingredients of gear steel is optimized design, guarantee its through hardening performance on the one hand, make it to obtain martensitic stucture, guarantee that on the other hand its top layer is easy to obtain bainite structure, and bainite should be a carbide-free Bainite through the back heart portion of quenching.So the low-carbon low-alloy steel of determining to contain Mn, Si, Al is higher to the hardening capacity requirement as the gear fertile material, can add Cr, Ni, Mo, elements such as w.On this basis, study its carburization process, determined to be suitable for the case depth and the gear top layer carbon component gradient of the best of different working conditions.Studied heat Treatment of Carburized technology, determined suitable austempering temperature and tempering temperature, making the gear heart portion after the processing is tempered martensite, and the top layer is a hard bainite structure.The weave construction of gear top layer, transition layer and parent of having utilized metallographic and tem observation has been tested the Changing Pattern of the hardness gradient on gear top layer.The stress distribution of cementation zone of having utilized X-ray analysis, the surface residual stress state of having found the gear of processing like this is a stress, this helps improving the anti-rolling contact fatigue performance of gear.Test analysis pulling force and the conventional mechanical property such as impact of fertile material structural state when being tempered martensite.Systematic study different case depths, component gradient, and the rolling contact fatigue life of the gear of thus obtained different table layer tissue structure gradient, find that rolling contact fatigue life that top layer of the present invention has a gear of hard bainite structure is 1.5 times of traditional 20CrMnTi steel carburized gears fatigue lifetime.Utilize friction wear testing machine to test the friction and wear behavior of this hard bainite structure steel, the friction and wear behavior of finding its anti-gear use industrial and mineral condition is 1.5 times of carburizing 20CrMnTi steel.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: heart portion obtains tempered martensite and the surface is the gear of the use properties excellence of hard bainite structure thus, and simultaneously, the heat treatment deformation of gear is significantly reduced.Under medium stress condition, then quench low-temperaturetempering 20CrMnTi steel gear raising 50% or more than the carburizing of present widespread use its work-ing life.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The gear that uses in the harbour coal handling system that utilizes the present invention to make, its parent chemical ingredients is (wt%): C 0.19, and Mn 0.58, and Si 0.62, and Al 0.88, and Cr 0.76, and Mo 0.21, and S 0.019, and P 0.030, and all the other are Fe.The Ms temperature of this steel is 368 ℃.Its thermal treatment process is: 920 ℃ of carburizings 3 hours, and air cooling post-heating to 880 ℃ insulation 1 hour, the temperature of directly quenching then is an isothermal 4 hours in 250 ℃ the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride, last reheat to 200 ℃ carries out temper.The surface hardness of steel is HRC60 after this thermal treatment, and centre hardness is HRC42, and case depth is 1.2mm.This gear is applied to receive good result of use in the coal handling system of harbour.
Embodiment 2
The coal mine machinery heavy-duty gear that utilizes the present invention to make, its starting material Chemical Composition (wt.%) is: C 0.21, and Mn 1.69, and Si 0.44, and Cr 1.75, and Ni 0.65, and Mo 0.45, and Al 1.52, and S 0.005, P0.017, all the other are Fe.920 ℃ of carburizing 4h air cooling post-heating to 900 ℃ austenitizings, isothermal quenching 10h in 260 ℃ fluidized particle cold bed then is at last at 180 ℃ of tempering 2h.Handle rear surface hardness HRC62, centre hardness HRC44.
Embodiment 3
The gear that uses in the harbour coal handling system that utilizes the present invention to make, its parent chemical ingredients is (wt%): C 0.16, and Mn 1.22, and Si 1.32, and Al 0.63, and Cr 1.36, and W 0.66, and S 0.013, P0.023, all the other are Fe.The Ms temperature of this steel is 326 ℃.Its thermal treatment process is: 920 ℃ of carburizings 4 hours, and air cooling post-heating to 880 ℃ insulation 1 hour, the temperature of directly quenching then is insulation air cooling after 8 hours in 240 ℃ the fluidized particle cold bed, last reheat to 250 ℃ carries out temper.The surface hardness of steel is HRC62 after this thermal treatment, and centre hardness is HRC40, and case depth is 1.5mm.This gear just is being applied in the coal handling system of harbour, and result of use is fine.
Embodiment 4
The excavator gear that utilizes the present invention to make, its parent chemical ingredients is (wt%): C 0.24, and Mn 0.92, and Si 0.76, and Al 1.38, and Cr 0.98, and W 0.55, and S 0.015, and P 0.017, and all the other are Fe.The Ms temperature of this steel is 344 ℃.Its thermal treatment process is: 920 ℃ of carburizings 3 hours, and air cooling post-heating to 880 ℃ insulation 1 hour, the temperature of directly quenching then is insulation air cooling after 5 hours in 240 ℃ the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride, last reheat to 200 ℃ carries out temper.The surface hardness of steel is HRC60 after this thermal treatment, and centre hardness is HRC42, and case depth is 1.3mm.
Claims (2)
1. a surface has the manufacturing process of hard bainite structure gear, it is characterized in that: the manufacturing process of gear is:
(1) starting material that add work gear are for containing aluminium converted steel, and this contains aluminium converted steel aluminum content is 0.5-2.0wt%;
(2) will forge attitude or roll attitude and contain aluminium converted steel and be machined into gear, gear surface is carried out carburizing treatment, carburization process is: 900 ℃-950 ℃ of carburizing temperatures, carburizing time 1-5h;
(3) then gear is carried out final thermal treatment, final thermal treatment process is:
A. be heated to 850 ℃-920 ℃ and carry out the austenitizing processing;
B. air cooling after in temperature is 180 ℃-350 ℃ medium, keeping 0.1-20h then;
C. at last in 150 ℃-350 ℃ insulation 1-3h tempering;
(4) heart portion of the gear of making through above-mentioned operation is that the tempered martensite surface is hard bainite structure, and heat treatment deformation is significantly reduced; Under medium stress condition, then quench low-temperaturetempering 20CrMnTi steel gear raising 50% or more than the carburizing of present widespread use its work-ing life.
2. surface according to claim 1 has the manufacturing process of hard bainite structure gear, it is characterized in that: containing aluminium converted steel is MnSiAl, MnSiMoAl, MnSiWAl, CrSiMoAl, CrSiWAl, MnCrNiSiMoAl or MnCrNiSiWAl.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101020277A CN100503893C (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Process for producing gear with hard bainite structure on surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101020277A CN100503893C (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Process for producing gear with hard bainite structure on surface |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1944715A CN1944715A (en) | 2007-04-11 |
| CN100503893C true CN100503893C (en) | 2009-06-24 |
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| CNB2006101020277A Expired - Fee Related CN100503893C (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | Process for producing gear with hard bainite structure on surface |
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Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8444776B1 (en) | 2007-08-01 | 2013-05-21 | Ati Properties, Inc. | High hardness, high toughness iron-base alloys and methods for making same |
| WO2009018522A1 (en) | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Ati Properties, Inc. | High hardness, high toughness iron-base alloys and methods for making same |
| JP5709025B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2015-04-30 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Manufacturing method of base material for wave gear |
| CN102011055B (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2013-01-30 | 燕山大学 | Method for manufacturing hard bainite bearing |
| US9182196B2 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2015-11-10 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Dual hardness steel article |
| US9657363B2 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2017-05-23 | Ati Properties Llc | Air hardenable shock-resistant steel alloys, methods of making the alloys, and articles including the alloys |
| CN102560282A (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2012-07-11 | 杜树芳 | Nitrided gear steel and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN102796852B (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2014-07-02 | 鑫光热处理工业(昆山)有限公司 | Carburizing reinforced isothermal quenching workpiece and processing method thereof |
| CN103014527B (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-09-10 | 燕山大学 | Method for preparing aluminum-containing low-temperature bainitic steel |
| CN104388950A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-04 | 无锡乐华自动化科技有限公司 | Processing technology of major-diameter high-carbon steel gears and gear sleeves |
| CN104451705A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-25 | 无锡市百顺机械厂 | Gear manufacturing process |
| CN104562050B (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2018-01-23 | 燕山大学 | A kind of preparation method of heavy-duty gear |
| CN108342658B (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2020-08-18 | 东北大学 | Steel for shafts and gears and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN113584409B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-01-21 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所 | Carburized bearing steel for high-speed railway and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4343661A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1982-08-10 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Method of making a low temperature bainite steel alloy gear |
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- 2006-10-13 CN CNB2006101020277A patent/CN100503893C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4343661A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1982-08-10 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Method of making a low temperature bainite steel alloy gear |
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Assignee: Shandong Tongyu Group Co., Ltd. Assignor: Yanshan University Contract fulfillment period: 2009.9.21 to 2014.9.20 contract change Contract record no.: 2009370000445 Denomination of invention: Process for producing gear with hard bainite structure on surface Granted publication date: 20090624 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 20091019 |
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Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENSE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2009.9.21 TO 2014.9.20; CHANGE OF CONTRACT Name of requester: SHANDONG TONGYU GROUP CO.,LTD. Effective date: 20091019 |
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Granted publication date: 20090624 Termination date: 20121013 |