CN113584409B - Carburized bearing steel for high-speed railway and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carburized bearing steel for high-speed railway and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The invention discloses carburizing bearing steel for a high-speed railway, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.19-0.23% of C, 0.25-0.40% of Si, 2.8-3.6% of Mn, 0.90-1.20% of Cr, 0.9-1.20% of Ni, 0.20-0.30% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.005-0.20% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the carburized bearing steel for the high-speed railway and the carburized bearing steel for the high-speed railway prepared by the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to carburizing bearing steel suitable for a high-speed railway and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of alloy steel manufacturing processes.
Background
In order to meet the working requirements of saving cost, reducing consumption and reducing cost, the high-speed rail bearing opens a repair process and a modification, and the repair period of the bearing is required to be greatly prolonged, which inevitably puts higher requirements on the quality control of the bearing. The data show that: the service life of the bearing in advanced countries such as the United states is 10-13 times of the standard service life, and the service life of the bearing in the country is only 6-7 times of the standard service life. The fatigue spalling of the bearing outer ring is one of the main failure modes of the existing high-speed rail axle box bearing, which has great relation with the inherent quality of bearing steel, and the inherent quality of the bearing steel is mainly determined to be concentrated on the steel smelting level and the heat treatment process. The smelting level of steel determines the control precision of bearing steel components and inclusions, and the heat treatment process is a key means for regulating and controlling the steel structure.
The retained austenite has a significant influence on the dimensional stability and contact fatigue life of the bearing steel. Currently, there is controversy regarding the effect of retained austenite on bearing quality. The domestic bearing industry pays more attention to the negative effect of the retained austenite on the size, so that the content of the retained austenite is required to be reduced as much as possible. The carburized bearing steel is comprehensively evaluated according to the thickness degree of martensite and the residual austenite, and the content of the residual austenite is not determined. The invention aims to obtain a certain amount and form of residual austenite through reasonable component design and heat treatment process control, thereby improving the contact fatigue performance of the carburizing bearing steel.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a carburized bearing steel for high-speed railways.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing the aforementioned carburized bearing steel.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a carburized bearing steel produced by the above production method.
The invention realizes the aim through the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides carburized bearing steel for a high-speed railway, which is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.19-0.23% of C, 0.25-0.40% of Si, 2.8-3.6% of Mn, 0.90-1.20% of Cr, 0.9-1.20% of Ni, 0.20-0.30% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.005-0.20% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
Preferably, in the carburized bearing steel, the weight percentage of Mn is 2.9 to 3.6%, more preferably 3.40%, 3.41%, or 3.42%;
in the carburized bearing steel, the weight percentage of Cr is 0.90-1.18%, more preferably 0.90%, 0.91% or 1.18%;
in the carburized bearing steel, the weight percentage of Ni is 0.90-1.00%, more preferably 0.94%, 0.95% or 0.96%;
in the carburizing bearing steel, the weight percentage of Nb is 0.01-0.10%, and more preferably 0.01% or 0.05%;
preferably, the carburized bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.20-0.22% of C, 0.34-0.36% of Si, 2.9-3.6% of Mn, 0.90-1.18% of Cr, 0.90-1.00% of Ni, 0.20-0.25% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.01-0.10% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
In the carburized bearing steel provided by the invention, the content of Mn is controlled to be 2.8-3.6%, so that the carburized bearing steel obtains a proper amount of residual austenite, and preferably, the content of the residual austenite obtained by the carburized bearing steel is less than or equal to 30%.
In the carburizing bearing steel provided by the invention, the content of Cr is controlled to be 0.90-1.20%, so that the bearing steel has excellent contact fatigue performance and wear resistance.
In the bearing steel provided by the invention, the content of Nb is controlled to be 0.005-0.20%, and the Nb element is combined to perform solidification refinement, deformation recrystallization refinement and heat treatment refinement to obtain an ultrafine grain structure.
In a preferred embodiment, the chemical composition and corresponding weight percentage of the carburized bearing steel provided by the present invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.34 percent of Si, 3.42 percent of Mn, 0.90 percent of Cr, 0.95 percent of Ni, 0.22 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.01 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities. In another preferred embodiment, the chemical composition and corresponding weight percentage of the carburized bearing steel provided by the present invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.34 percent of Si, 3.40 percent of Mn, 0.90 percent of Cr, 0.96 percent of Ni, 0.22 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities. In a further preferred embodiment, the chemical composition and the corresponding weight percentage of the carburized bearing steel provided by the present invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.35 percent of Si, 3.41 percent of Mn, 1.18 percent of Cr, 0.94 percent of Ni, 0.21 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities. In another preferred embodiment, the chemical composition and corresponding weight percentage of the carburized bearing steel provided by the present invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.35 percent of Si, 2.95 percent of Mn, 0.91 percent of Cr, 0.95 percent of Ni, 0.21 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.01 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a carburized bearing steel for a high-speed railway, comprising the steps of:
(1) forging: the heating temperature is 1130-1180 ℃, the initial forging temperature is 1180 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
(2) carburizing: the temperature of the carburizing treatment is 930 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 28-30 h;
(3) primary quenching and tempering: the quenching temperature is 880 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4.5 h; the tempering temperature is 550-660 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-6 h;
(4) isothermal quenching: the heating temperature is 800-805 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-20 min, the salt bath temperature is 320-340 ℃, and the isothermal time is 30-40 min.
In a preferred embodiment, the carburized bearing steel provided by the present invention is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
(1) forging: the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, the initial forging temperature is 1180 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
(2) carburizing: the temperature of the carburizing treatment is 930 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 28 h;
(3) primary quenching and tempering: the quenching temperature is 880 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; the tempering temperature is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours;
(4) isothermal quenching: the heating temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, the salt bath temperature is 320 ℃, and the isothermal time is 35 min.
In another aspect, the invention also provides carburized bearing steel prepared by the method of the invention, wherein the steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.19-0.23% of C, 0.25-0.40% of Si, 2.8-3.6% of Mn, 0.90-1.20% of Cr, 0.9-1.20% of Ni, 0.20-0.30% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.005-0.20% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
Preferably, the carburized bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.20-0.22% of C, 0.34-0.36% of Si, 2.9-3.6% of Mn, 0.90-1.18% of Cr, 0.90-1.00% of Ni, 0.20-0.25% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.01-0.10% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
In a preferred embodiment, the chemical composition and corresponding weight percentages of the carburized bearing steel produced by the method of the present invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.34 percent of Si, 3.42 percent of Mn, 0.90 percent of Cr, 0.95 percent of Ni, 0.22 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.01 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities. In another preferred embodiment, the chemical composition and corresponding weight percentages of the carburized bearing steel produced by the method of the present invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.34 percent of Si, 3.40 percent of Mn, 0.90 percent of Cr, 0.96 percent of Ni, 0.22 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities. In another preferred embodiment, the chemical components and the corresponding weight percentages prepared by the method provided by the invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.35 percent of Si, 3.41 percent of Mn, 1.18 percent of Cr, 0.94 percent of Ni, 0.21 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities. In another preferred embodiment, the chemical composition and corresponding weight percentage of the carburized bearing steel provided by the present invention are as follows: 0.21 percent of C, 0.35 percent of Si, 2.95 percent of Mn, 0.91 percent of Cr, 0.95 percent of Ni, 0.21 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.01 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities.
The carburized bearing steel prepared by the chemical composition and the corresponding preparation method provided by the invention has a surface structure which is obviously different from that of the prior art, and specifically, the surface structure of the bearing steel provided by the invention is bainite + acicular martensite + nano austenite + acicular carbide. Furthermore, the residual austenite in the surface structure of the bearing steel provided by the invention is mainly in the form of ultra-fine grain lath, the size width of the ultra-fine grain lath is less than or equal to 100nm, the residual austenite of the ultra-fine grain lath is relatively stable, and the contact fatigue performance of the bearing steel is favorably improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The composition of the carburized bearing steel used in this example is shown in Table 1. Wherein the steel with the number of 1# is G20CrNi2MoA carburizing bearing steel, and the steel with the number of 2# to 5# is the carburizing bearing steel.
TABLE 1 chemical composition of steel
Note: the balance of Fe and impurities.
The carburized bearing steel with the serial number of 2# to 5# is prepared by the following steps:
(1) forging: the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, the initial forging temperature is 1180 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
(2) carburizing: the temperature of the carburizing treatment is 930 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 28 h;
(3) primary quenching and tempering: the quenching temperature is 880 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; the tempering temperature is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours;
(4) isothermal quenching: the heating temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, the salt bath temperature is 320 ℃, and the isothermal time is 35 min.
The carburized bearing steel obtained by the preparation is subjected to a thrust piece contact fatigue test (the test method is shown in JB/T10510-2005 Rolling bearing Material contact fatigue test method), and the test results are shown in Table 2.
The comparison shows that the service life of the carburized bearing steel provided by the invention is prolonged by more than 2.6-4 times compared with the traditional G20CrNi2MoA carburized bearing steel by adjusting the alloy elements and the heat treatment process.
Claims (7)
1. The carburized bearing steel for the high-speed railway is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
0.19-0.23% of C, 0.25-0.40% of Si, 2.8-3.6% of Mn, 0.90-1.20% of Cr, 0.9-1.20% of Ni, 0.20-0.30% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.005-0.20% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities;
wherein the carburizing bearing steel is prepared by the following method:
(1) forging: the heating temperature is 1130-1180 ℃, the initial forging temperature is 1180 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
(2) carburizing: the temperature of the carburizing treatment is 930 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 28-30 h;
(3) primary quenching and tempering: the quenching temperature is 880 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4.5 h; the tempering temperature is 550-660 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-6 h;
(4) isothermal quenching: heating at 800-805 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15-20 min, controlling the salt bath temperature to 320-340 ℃ and controlling the isothermal time to 30-40 min;
wherein the surface structure of the carburizing bearing steel is bainite, acicular martensite, nano austenite and acicular carbide.
2. The carburized bearing steel of claim 1, characterized in that it has the following chemical composition and respective weight percentages:
0.20-0.22% of C, 0.34-0.36% of Si, 2.9-3.6% of Mn, 0.90-1.18% of Cr, 0.90-1.00% of Ni, 0.20-0.25% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.01-0.10% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurities.
3. The carburized bearing steel of claim 1, characterized in that it has the following chemical composition and respective weight percentages: 0.21 percent of C, 0.34 percent of Si, 3.42 percent of Mn, 0.90 percent of Cr, 0.95 percent of Ni, 0.22 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.01 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities.
4. The carburized bearing steel of claim 1, characterized in that it has the following chemical composition and respective weight percentages: 0.21 percent of C, 0.34 percent of Si, 3.40 percent of Mn, 0.90 percent of Cr, 0.96 percent of Ni, 0.22 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities.
5. The carburized bearing steel of claim 1, characterized in that it has the following chemical composition and respective weight percentages: 0.21 percent of C, 0.35 percent of Si, 3.41 percent of Mn, 1.18 percent of Cr, 0.94 percent of Ni, 0.21 percent of Mo, 0.01 percent of Cu, 0.05 percent of Nb, 0.005 percent of P, 0.002 percent of S and the balance of Fe and impurities.
6. A method for producing a carburized bearing steel for high-speed railways according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) forging: the heating temperature is 1130-1180 ℃, the initial forging temperature is 1180 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
(2) carburizing: the temperature of the carburizing treatment is 930 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 28-30 h;
(3) primary quenching and tempering: the quenching temperature is 880 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-4.5 h; the tempering temperature is 550-660 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-6 h;
(4) isothermal quenching: the heating temperature is 800-805 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15-20 min, the salt bath temperature is 320-340 ℃, and the isothermal time is 30-40 min.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the steps of the method are as follows:
(1) forging: the heating temperature is 1150 ℃, the initial forging temperature is 1180 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 950 ℃;
(2) carburizing: the temperature of the carburizing treatment is 930 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 28 h;
(3) primary quenching and tempering: the quenching temperature is 880 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; the tempering temperature is 600 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 hours;
(4) isothermal quenching: the heating temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 15min, the salt bath temperature is 320 ℃, and the isothermal time is 35 min.
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| JP3579558B2 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 2004-10-20 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Bearing steel with excellent resistance to fire cracking |
| CN100503893C (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2009-06-24 | 燕山大学 | Process for producing gear with hard bainite structure on surface |
| WO2019142947A1 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-07-25 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Carburized bearing steel component, and steel bar for carburized bearing steel component |
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