CN115874029A - Grain refinement method for high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part - Google Patents
Grain refinement method for high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 4
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical group C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to a grain refinement method for a high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part, which comprises blank → hollow forging → quenching + primary tempering + secondary tempering, wherein the hollow forging is directly quenched + tempered, the forging heating temperature is controlled to be 900-980 ℃, and the coarsening of the grain size of the forging heating is prevented; controlling the forging deformation amount to be 45-65%, so that the structure and the carbide are fine in form and uniform in distribution; after the hollow forging is finished, the full-power temperature is increased to the quenching temperature of 930-1000 ℃ after stress is eliminated, the temperature is kept, the steel plate is taken out of the furnace for quenching and cooling, the cooling mode is water cooling, the water cooling-air cooling-full water cooling mode is adopted, row type organization heredity of coarse martensite or bainite is avoided, uniform and fine tempered martensite structures and fine carbide precipitated phases are obtained, crystal grains are fine and uniform, and the purposes of matching high strength and high toughness and prolonging the fatigue life are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production of high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow parts, and particularly relates to a grain refining method for a high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part, which can homogenize and refine the structure of the hollow part with the characteristics of mixed-crystal and coarse-crystal high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel.
Background
The high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part is a main pressure-bearing part of high-temperature and high-pressure equipment, bears higher instantaneous high temperature, high pressure, mechanical friction and ablation in the use process, has more complex working conditions, requires the selected material to have higher comprehensive performance, and particularly has fine and uniform tissues so as to improve the strength and toughness and meet the requirement of fatigue life.
The traditional process route of the high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel quenched and tempered blank for bearing pressure at present is blank → forging → complete annealing after forging or normalizing + spheroidizing annealing and hydrogen diffusion → rough machining → double normalizing + quenching and tempering. The structure refinement is realized by complete annealing after forging, double normalizing and quenching and tempering, but the problems exist that the high alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V is hypereutectoid steel, complete annealing is carried out after forging, and net-shaped secondary cementite is separated out, so that the hardness of the steel is increased, the brittleness is increased, the strength, the plasticity and the impact toughness are obviously reduced, and the cutting performance is deteriorated, and the net-shaped structure is shown in figure 1. If the normalizing, spheroidizing annealing and hydrogen diffusion are carried out after forging, because the alloy content of the material is high, the normalizing air-cooling is carried out, quenched martensite is easily formed on the surface, bainite tissue is easily formed inside, even if the spheroidizing time is extremely long, granular pearlite tissue cannot be obtained, coarse martensite or bainite orientation needles cannot be eliminated, the tissue inheritance is strong, the tissue cannot be refined by subsequent performance heat treatment, coarse crystals and mixed crystals are serious, and the tissue morphology is shown in figure 2. The two modes can not realize the purposes of uniform and refined tissue and enhancement of obdurability, thereby affecting the fatigue life and even endangering the life safety of operators.
The high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel is a part which is mainly used for bearing high temperature and high pressure of weaponry and high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure vessels, has more complex working conditions and requires a material with higher comprehensive mechanical property, ensures the fatigue life and the safety of the weaponry and the high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure vessels, and can meet the design and use requirements of the weaponry and the high-pressure and ultrahigh-pressure vessels only by proper production process design.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for refining the crystal grains of a high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part produced by weapon equipment and a high-temperature ultrahigh-pressure container main body pressure-bearing element, which can meet the use requirements, and the product specification of the invention is a hollow forging with the outer diameter of 400-200 mm and the inner hole of 80-130 mm, and can bear higher instantaneous high temperature, high pressure, mechanical friction and ablation.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a grain refining method for a high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part comprises the following technical route and steps: the technical route is as follows: blank → hollow forging → quenching + primary tempering + secondary tempering, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), hollow forging is carried out on the blank: strictly controlling the forging heating temperature for refining the structure, wherein the heating temperature is 50-150 ℃ above Ac3, raising the temperature to 900-980 ℃ at full power, preserving the temperature, the preserving time is 2-4 h/100mm, discharging from a furnace and forging, and ensuring that the forging temperature is 30-80 ℃ above Ac 3; hollow forging is carried out on an SXP-65 type 1400t precision forging machine by adopting a core rod with the diameter of 80-130 mm, and the forging is finished in one step without allowing to return to a furnace; the deformation is 45% -65%;
step 2), quenching after forging: heating the hollow forging after the step 1) to a quenching temperature, wherein the quenching heating temperature is 930-1000 ℃, taking the hollow forging out of a furnace for quenching after heat preservation is finished, and the quenching medium is water;
step 3), primary tempering: loading the hollow forging finished in the step 2) into a tempering furnace at 570-620 ℃ for first tempering, and performing air cooling and thermal correction after heat preservation;
step 4), secondary tempering: and (4) putting the hollow forging in the step 3) into a tempering furnace at 530-580 ℃ for secondary tempering, and performing air cooling and thermal correction after heat preservation.
In the step 2), in order to ensure that the workpiece cannot be quenched and cracked due to the existence of forging stress and structural stress, the hollow forging piece is directly put into a furnace after being forged, the temperature is equalized and the stress is removed at the temperature of 600-650 ℃, the temperature is equalized visually, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h/100mm; then raising the temperature to 930-1000 ℃ with full power, carrying out quenching heating temperature equalization and heat preservation, wherein the temperature equalization and heat preservation time is 1.5h/100mm, and then discharging from the furnace for quenching after the heat preservation is finished.
In the step 2), in order to refine the structure and obtain the mechanical property matching of high strength and high toughness, a cooling mode after quenching adopts water cooling, and simultaneously, in order to avoid cracking caused by thermal stress and structural stress in the quenching process of the workpiece, a water cooling-air cooling-full water cooling mode is adopted in the early stage of quenching; the specific quenching cooling mode comprises the following steps: a. air cooling: 1.5-2.5 min/100mm; b. water cooling: 2-2.5 min/100mm, wherein the initial water temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃; c. air cooling for 0.5-1 min; d. water tank water injection and water cooling: 3-5 min/100mm; d. discharging water in a water tank, and air cooling for 0.5-1 min; e. water tank water injection and water cooling: 10-20 min/100mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a manufacturing technology of a high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part, which comprises the technical route of blank → hollow forging → quenching + primary tempering + secondary tempering and the hollow forging and heat treatment processes, and obtains uniform and fine tissue and mechanical property matching of high strength and high toughness under the condition of ensuring that the hollow part does not crack, thereby meeting the design and use requirements of main compression elements of high-temperature and high-pressure bearing equipment. The technical route of hollow forging, quenching, primary tempering and secondary tempering and the hollow forging and heat treatment process meet the comprehensive performance requirements of high temperature and high pressure, mechanical friction on the inner wall and severe ablation working conditions, greatly shorten the production period and reduce the production cost.
The technical route of the invention is designed as follows: blank → hollow forging → quenching + primary tempering + secondary tempering; the technical scheme is mainly implemented by controlling the hollow forging and the direct quenching process after forging.
Designing hollow forging: the high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel has stubborn tissue inheritance and more carbide forming elements, adopts a hollow forging design, controls the forging temperature, requires the forging heating temperature to be 900-980 ℃, and prevents the forging heating grain size from coarsening; the forging deformation is controlled to be 45-65%, so that the structure and the carbide are fine in shape and uniform in distribution.
Designing a quenching process after forging: the high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel related by the invention has high carbon content and alloy content, is hypereutectoid steel, reduces tissue inheritance and reticular cementite precipitation, influences obdurability and processability, finishes hollow forging, increases full power temperature to the quenching temperature of 930-1000 ℃ after stress removal, keeps the temperature, takes out from a furnace, quenches and cools, and adopts the cooling mode of water cooling, air cooling and full water cooling.
The traditional process route 1 is blank → forging → complete annealing after forging + spheroidizing annealing and hydrogen diffusion → rough machining → double normalizing + tempering; the process is characterized in that the process of annealing completely is carried out along with furnace cooling, the cooling is slow, after rough machining and before tempering, double normalizing pretreatment is carried out, the energy loss is large, the production period is long, after the workpiece is finally tempered, the net-shaped cementite can not be completely eliminated, the tensile strength of the mechanical property is 1450-1550 MPa, the impact energy is 15-22J at minus 40 ℃, and the grain size is 6-5 grade; the traditional process route 2 is blank → forging → normalizing + spheroidizing annealing and hydrogen diffusion → rough machining → double normalizing + tempering, after the final treatment of the workpiece, the tensile strength of the mechanical property is more than or equal to 1500MPa, the impact energy is 18-25J at minus 40 ℃, the grain size is 7-3 grade, the mixed crystal is serious, and the grains are coarse.
The high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel produced by the production technology reduces the workload of rough machining after hollow forging, cancels double normalizing pretreatment before quenching, greatly shortens the production period, reduces the energy consumption and the production cost, ensures that the tensile strength of a workpiece is more than 1600MPa after final heat treatment, ensures that the impact energy at minus 40 ℃ is more than 22J, and ensures that the grain size of the workpiece reaches 9 grades. The post-forging heat treatment curve and the structure refinement morphology are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the fully annealed reticulated cementite structure of this steel grade prior to the practice of the present invention patent.
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of mixed crystal and coarse crystal inherited by the steel before the invention is applied.
FIG. 3 is a graph of a post-forging heat treatment process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a uniform fine texture profile after final heat treatment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the selected material is high alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel, 36Cr2Ni5Mo2V1. The specification of the blank is the blank with the outer diameter phi 350mm and the inner diameter phi 150mm, and the specification of the product is the outer diameter phi 250mm and the inner diameter phi 110mm.
The technical route and the steps are as follows: blank → hollow forging → quenching + primary tempering + secondary tempering.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1), hollow forging is carried out on the blank: strictly controlling the forging heating temperature for refining the structure, wherein the heating temperature is 50-150 ℃ above AC3, raising the full power to 900-980 ℃, preserving the heat for 5h, discharging from the furnace and forging, and the air cooling time is less than or equal to 8min to ensure that the forging temperature is near Ac 3; in an SXP-65 type 1400t precision forging machine, phi 110 core rod hollow forging is adopted, and one-step direct forging is finished without returning to a furnace; the deformation is 45-65%, and the drawing speed is 1-2 m/min;
step 2), quenching after forging: heating the hollow forging subjected to the step 1) to a quenching temperature, wherein the quenching heating temperature is 930-1000 ℃, taking the hollow forging out of a furnace for quenching after heat preservation is finished, and the quenching medium is water;
in the step 2), in order to ensure that the workpiece does not quench and crack due to the existence of forging stress and structural stress, the hollow forged piece needs to be directly put into a furnace after being forged, the temperature is equalized for 3 hours at the temperature of 600-650 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 4 hours; then raising the temperature to 930-1000 ℃ with full power, carrying out quenching heating temperature equalization and heat preservation, wherein the temperature equalization and heat preservation time is 1.5h, the heat preservation time is 1.5h, and discharging from the furnace for quenching after the heat preservation is finished;
in the step 2), in order to refine the structure and obtain the mechanical property matching of high strength and high toughness, the cooling mode after quenching adopts water cooling, and simultaneously, in order to avoid cracking caused by thermal stress and structural stress in the quenching process of the workpiece, the mode of water cooling-air cooling-full water cooling is adopted in the early stage of quenching; the specific quenching cooling mode comprises the following steps: a. air cooling: 1.5-2.5 min/100mm; b. water cooling: 2-2.5 min/100mm, wherein the initial water temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃; c. air cooling for 0.5-1 min; d. water cooling: 3-5 min/100mm; d. air cooling with water for 0.5-1 min; e. water cooling: 10-20 min/100mm.
Step 3), primary tempering: loading the hollow forging finished in the step 2) into a tempering furnace at 570-620 ℃ for tempering for the first time, and performing water cooling and thermal correction after heat preservation;
step 4), secondary tempering: and (3) putting the hollow forging finished in the step 3) into a tempering furnace at 530-580 ℃ for secondary tempering, and performing air cooling and thermal correction after heat preservation.
Through hollow piece forging, direct quenching and tempering, row-type structure inheritance of large martensite or bainite orientation needles is avoided, uniform and fine tempered martensite structures and fine carbide precipitated phases are obtained, crystal grains are fine and uniform, high-strength and high-toughness matching is achieved, the grain size of a workpiece reaches 9 grades, the tensile strength is larger than or equal to 1600MPa, the impact energy at-40 ℃ is larger than 22J, the fatigue life is greatly prolonged, and the requirements of the design and the use fatigue life and the safety of main compression elements of high-temperature and high-pressure bearing equipment are met.
Claims (3)
1. A grain refining method for a high-alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow part is characterized by comprising the following steps of: blank → hollow forging → quenching + primary tempering + secondary tempering, which comprises the following steps:
step 1), hollow forging is carried out on the blank: strictly controlling the forging heating temperature for refining the structure, wherein the heating temperature is 50-150 ℃ above AC3, raising the full power to 900-980 ℃, preserving the heat, the preserving time is 2-4 h/100mm, discharging from the furnace and forging, and ensuring that the forging temperature is 30-80 ℃ above Ac 3; hollow forging is carried out on an SXP-65 type 1400t precision forging machine by adopting a core rod with the diameter of 80-130 mm, and the forging is finished in one step without allowing to return to a furnace; the deformation is 45% -65%;
step 2), quenching after forging: heating the hollow forging subjected to the step 1) to a quenching temperature, wherein the quenching heating temperature is 930-1000 ℃, taking the hollow forging out of a furnace for quenching after heat preservation is finished, and the quenching medium is water;
step 3), primary tempering: loading the hollow forging finished in the step 2) into a tempering furnace at 570-620 ℃ for first tempering, and performing air cooling and thermal correction after heat preservation;
step 4), secondary tempering: and (3) putting the hollow forging finished in the step 3) into a tempering furnace at 530-580 ℃ for secondary tempering, and performing air cooling and thermal correction after heat preservation.
2. The method for grain refinement of high alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow member as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), in order to ensure that the workpiece cannot be quenched and cracked due to the existence of forging stress and structural stress, the hollow forging piece is directly put into a furnace after being forged, the temperature is equalized and the stress is removed at the temperature of 600-650 ℃, the temperature is equalized visually, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h/100mm; then raising the temperature to 930-1000 ℃ with full power, carrying out quenching heating temperature equalization and heat preservation, wherein the temperature equalization and heat preservation time is 1.5h/100mm, and discharging from the furnace for quenching after the heat preservation is finished.
3. The method for grain refinement of high alloy Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel hollow member as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), in order to refine the structure and obtain the mechanical property matching of high strength and high toughness, a cooling mode after quenching adopts water cooling, and simultaneously, in order to avoid cracking caused by thermal stress and structural stress in the quenching process of the workpiece, a water cooling-air cooling-full water cooling mode is adopted in the early stage of quenching; the specific quenching cooling mode comprises the following steps: a. air cooling: 1.5-2.5 min/100mm; b. water filling and water cooling of the water tank: 2-2.5 min/100mm, wherein the initial water temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃; c. discharging water in the water tank, and air cooling for 0.5-1 min; d. water tank water injection and water cooling: 3-5 min/100mm; d. discharging water in the water tank, and air cooling for 0.5-1 min; e. water tank water injection and water cooling: 10-20 min/100mm.
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