CN116082336A - 一种铜催化合成多官能化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铜催化合成多官能化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116082336A CN116082336A CN202310194305.XA CN202310194305A CN116082336A CN 116082336 A CN116082336 A CN 116082336A CN 202310194305 A CN202310194305 A CN 202310194305A CN 116082336 A CN116082336 A CN 116082336A
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 125000003406 indolizinyl group Chemical class C=1(C=CN2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 title claims description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000008049 diazo compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- YLFBFPXKTIQSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CO[P+](=O)OC YLFBFPXKTIQSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006757 chemical reactions by type Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001989 diazonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002478 indolizines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 25
- HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolizine Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2C=CC=C21 HOBCFUWDNJPFHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- -1 indolizine compound Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- YVPJCJLMRRTDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl diazoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=[N+]=[N-] YVPJCJLMRRTDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N Testostosterone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@H](CC4)O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazynium Chemical compound [NH+]#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical class C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- YWUIUNGMQOICND-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2z)-2-diazo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=[N+]=[N-] YWUIUNGMQOICND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WPWHSFAFEBZWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl radical Chemical compound [CH2]CCC WPWHSFAFEBZWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMPAPJBFYQSNFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-sulfanylimidazole Chemical class SN1C=CN=C1 ZMPAPJBFYQSNFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,2-benzodiazepine Chemical compound N1N=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTDHPBVHCNWIEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diazo-N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 JTDHPBVHCNWIEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBBKWIFIXPBQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diazonio-1-phenylmethoxyethenolate Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 JBBKWIFIXPBQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGCZTXZTJXYWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropanal Chemical compound O=CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 YGCZTXZTJXYWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091005482 5-HT4 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004384 Histamine H3 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000981 Histamine H3 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006736 Huisgen cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006845 Michael addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromocopper(1+) Chemical compound Br[Cu+] ODWXUNBKCRECNW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- LIGACIXOYTUXAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacyl bromide Chemical class BrCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LIGACIXOYTUXAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IMCGHZIGRANKHV-AJNGGQMLSA-N tert-butyl (3s,5s)-2-oxo-5-[(2s,4s)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]-3-propan-2-ylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)C[C@H]1[C@H]1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)C1 IMCGHZIGRANKHV-AJNGGQMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N tropane Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C XLRPYZSEQKXZAA-OCAPTIKFSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/122—Halides of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,涉及有机合成领域。本发明提供的方法,以1,4‑两性硫代吡啶盐与重氮化合物为原料,在铜催化剂的作用下反应制备三官能化中氮茚化合物。本发明公开的制备三官能化中氮茚的方法,简单易于操作,反应底物适用范围广,收率较高,方法新颖。此外,该类化合物具有较强荧光发射强度,在制药工业、合成化学和材料科学方面具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成领域,具体涉及一种铜催化合成多官能化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法。
背景技术
氮茚化合物广泛存在于天然产物,合成药物和农用化学品中。这些化合物具有良好的生物活性和药物活性,它们广泛用于抗菌,抗病毒,抗炎,和心血管药,如睾酮3R还原酶抑制剂,作为5-HT4受体拮抗剂,并作为中枢神经系统抑制剂。因此,氮茚化合物的合成一直备受药物学家、生物学家和化学家的关注。
中氮茚衍生物是一类含有10个Π电子和跨环氮原子的杂环化合物,是吲哚的等电子体。中氮茚天然产物以及它们的很多类似物具有非常重要的生物活性,如细胞毒性、诱变性、抗癌性、抗菌以及抗生物氧化性等。
在过去的几十年中,中氮茚在药物分子,电致发光材料和荧光染料等领域具有广泛的应用前景,受到了越来越多的关注。其中,多取代中氮茚衍生物是中氮茚衍生物中的一种重要合成物,具有多种特殊性能,且被用于多个领域。特别是当中氮茚环上有三个取代基时,它就具有抑制组胺H3受体、抗痉挛及消炎等药物活性,通过1,3-偶极环加成能生成这种类型的中氮茚化合物。
专利CN 102276601 B公开了一种中氮茚衍生物的制备方法。它是以乙醛酸烷基酯、α-溴代苯乙酮衍生物和吡啶为原料,在碳酸钠存在下,在有机溶剂中回流反应12~24小时,经过水洗和萃取、浓缩、柱层析或重结晶纯化过程得到中氮茚衍生物。
专利CN 105801576 A提供了一种中氮茚化合物的合成方法,该方法以吡啶叶立德与苯丙炔醛为原料,在碱性环境中温和的条件下合成中氮茚衍生物。
专利CN 114014858 A公开了多取代中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,该方法由卤代化合物和吡啶衍生物、喹啉衍生物或异喹啉直接制取的N-取代吡啶鎓盐,在亚硝酸盐存在下和缺电子烯烃反应,制备出的多取代中氮茚衍生物,大大降低了现有技术制备多取代中氮茚衍生物的生产成本。
在近十年的研究中,人们不断努力开发高效的合成中氮茚衍生物的方法,并致力于实现中氮茚的C-H区域选择性官能化。在这一领域,本领域研究人员在中氮茚区域选择性的C-H二硒基化、二羰基化、甲酰胺化、二硫代氨基甲酸酯化、二硫化和解构性环芳构化上取得了很大的研究进展,但是构建含有酯基,酰胺,三氟甲基,氰基,磷酸二乙酯等官能团的中氮茚类化合物还未见报道。
基于此,本发明选择了一种具有多种反应性、空气稳定、无异味、易操作的1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐为原料,其通过分子内环加成反应与重氮类化合物产生的卡宾前体进行亲核反应,得到[4+1]环化产物多官能化中氮茚衍生物。官能化中氮茚具有较低生物毒性,和较高生物活性等良好优点,广泛应用于制药、发光材料等行业。本发明公开了一种高效的铜催化合成多官能化中氮茚的新方法,并对合成的化合物的紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱进行测试,表明该类化合物具有较强荧光发射强度。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的问题,提供了一种铜催化合成多官能化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,该方法反应底物适用范围广、高效、无添加剂、收率高,所得产物具有较强的荧光发射强度。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明提供了一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,以1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐与重氮化合物为原料,在铜催化剂的作用下反应,反应式为:
其中,
R、R1、R2各自独立选自氢原子;取代或未取代的烷基、膦酸二甲酯基、酮羰基、醛基、卤素、胺基、氰基、酰胺基或酯基;
A选自如所述反应式中位置被N+取代的环烷基、杂环基。
优选地,
R选自氢原子;取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R1选自氢原子;取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R2选自氢原子;取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基、膦酸二甲酯基、C1-C20酮羰基、C1-C20醛基、卤素、胺基、氰基、酰胺基或C1-C20酯基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
A选自如所述反应式中位置被N+取代的C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20杂环基。
优选地,
R选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R1选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R2选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C10烷基、膦酸二甲酯基、C1-C10酮羰基、C1-C10醛基、卤素、胺基、氰基、酰胺基或C1-C10酯基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
A选自如所述反应式中位置被N+取代的C3-C10环烷基、C3-C10杂环基,所述杂环基的杂原子选自硫、氮、氧。
优选地,
R选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C6烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R1选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C6烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R2选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C6烷基、膦酸二甲酯基、卤素、胺基、氰基、酰胺基或C1-C6酯基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
A选自如所述反应式中位置被N+取代的吡咯环、苯环、萘环。
进一步优选地,R选自氢原子或甲基;
R1为甲基;
R2选自甲酸乙酯基、三氟甲基、膦酸二甲酯基、酰胺基或氰基;
A选自以下结构式:
优选地,所述铜催化剂选自CuBr和CuI中的至少一种。
优选地,所述铜催化剂的浓度为2-8mol%;进一步优选地,所述铜催化剂的浓度为5mol%。
优选地,所述反应使用的溶剂选自DCE、MeCN、MeOH和Toluene中的至少一种;进一步优选地,所述反应使用的溶剂选自DCE和Toluene中的至少一种。
优选地,所述反应的条件为:反应温度为70-110℃,反应时间为10-20h;进一步优选地,所述反应的条件为:反应温度为80℃,反应时间为12h。
优选地,所述原料1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐与重氮化合物的摩尔比为1:1.2-1.5。
优选地,所述铜催化剂与原料1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐的摩尔比为20:1。
优选地,所述溶剂与原料1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐的摩尔比为0.5-2:1。
优选地,所述的一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,所述反应式为:
其中,基团R、R1、R2为烷基。
优选地,所述的一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,所述反应式为:
其中,基团R为烷基。
优选地,所述的一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,所述反应式为:
其中,基团R为烷基。
优选地,所述的一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,所述反应式为:
优选地,所述的一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,所述反应式为:
优选地,所述的一种铜催化合成多官能团化中氮茚衍生物的制备方法,所述反应式为:
除非有说明,本文所用的术语“烷基”包括具有特定数目碳原子的支链和直链饱和的脂肪烃基团,包括所有异构体。烷基的常用缩写例如甲基可以用“Me”或CH3表示,乙基可以用“Et”或CH2CH3表示,丙基可以用“Pr”或CH2CH2CH3表示,丁基可以用“Bu”或CH2CH2CH2CH3表示等。例如“C1-4烷基”(或“C1-C4烷基”)是指具有特定数目碳原子的直链或支链烷基,包括所有异构体。C1-4烷基包括正、异、仲和叔丁基、正和异丙基,乙基和甲基。术语“C1-10烷基”等具有类似的含义。
术语“烷氧基”表示通过氧桥连接的标明数目碳原子的直链和支链烷基。
术语“卤素”(或“卤代”)是指氟、氯、溴和碘(或者称为氟代(F)、氯代(Cl)、溴代(Br)和碘代(I))。
术语“芳基”是指芳香的单和多碳环系统,其中在多环系统中各个碳环是稠合的或通过单键相互连接。一般芳基包括苯基、萘基和亚联苯基。
术语“杂环”是指碳原子及非碳原子构成的环状结构,环中的非碳原子举例如氮、氧和硫等。一般杂环基包括吡啶、喹啉、托烷、吩噻嗪、苯并二氮杂卓、呋喃、吡唑酮和嘧啶。
本发明所述的铜催化合成三取代官能化中氮茚的方法,其机理在于:其表达式如图1所示。其机理可能是:首先,重氮化合物与铜(I)催化剂相互作用生成铜卡宾中间体A,并释放氮气。然后将卡宾部分插入1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐1a中,得到环化络合物B。除去中间体B中的铜(I)催化剂,生成相应的吡啶并[2,1-c][1,4]噻嗪中间体C,再经分子Michale加成生成稠合中间体D。中间体D通过脱硫反应和互变异构化反应生成中中氮茚3a。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明技术方案制备三官能化中氮茚的方法,简单易于操作,反应底物适用范围广,收率较高,方法新颖。此外,该类化合物具有较强荧光发射强度,在制药工业、合成化学和材料科学方面具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明铜催化合成三取代官能化中氮茚的方法的机理表达式;
图2是本发明合成的三取代官能化中氮茚3a的紫外吸收光谱;
图3是本发明合成的三取代官能化中氮茚3a的荧光发射光谱。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,但下述实施例仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。值得说明的是,本发明中使用的原料均为普通市售产品,对其来源不做具体限定。实施例中的所用的技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的含义。
本专利涉及到的专业术语及缩写解释如下:
DCE:二氯乙烷;MeCN:乙腈;MeOH:甲醇;Toluene:甲苯;CuBr:溴化铜;CuI:碘化铜
实施例1:
将75.9mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐、51.3mg(0.45mmol)重氮乙酸乙酯底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入DCE(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物3a,82%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.49(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),8.33(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.42–7.34(m,1H),7.03(dd,J=10.6,3.7Hz,1H),4.36(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.00(s,3H),3.91(s,3H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ166.3,162.9,160.4,137.9,130.5,127.9,126.7,119.9,115.4,111.7,103.2,60.4,52.8,51.9,14.3.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C15H15NO6[M]+305.0899;Found 305.0900.
实施例2:
将75.9mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐、79.2mg(0.45mmol)重氮乙酸苄酯底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入DCE(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物,72%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CCDCl3)δ9.49(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),8.34(d,J=9.0HHz,1H),7.38(ddd,J=25.7,11.8,4.9Hz,6H),7.03(t,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.33(s,2H),3.88(s,4H),3.71(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ166.2,162.7,160.5,138.2,135.9,130.5,128.6,128.5,128.3,127.9,127.1,126.9,119.9,115.6,111.9,102.7,66.5,52.7,52.1.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C20H17NO6[M]+367.1056;Found 367.1054.
实施例3:
将90.9mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代异喹啉盐、51.3mg(0.45mmol)重氮乙酸乙酯底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入DCE(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物,63%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.50–9.42(m,1H),9.30(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.72–7.68(m,1H),7.65–7.57(m,2H),7.19(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.41(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.98(s,3H),3.93(s,3H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ166.56,163.90,160.44,134.71,130.34,129.84,129.31,128.02,127.39,126.98,124.51,123.93,116.04,113.39,108.08,61.26,52.67,52.25,14.16.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C19H17NO6[M]+355.1056;Found 355.1056.
实施例4:
将75.9mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐、49.5mg(0.45mmol)重氮三氟乙烷底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入Toluene(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物,79%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.48(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.34–7.25(m,1H),7.09–6.95(m,1H),3.98(s,3H),3.91(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ165.2,160.4,134.3(q,J=2.7Hz),127.8,126.7(q,J=2.6Hz),125.6,123.2(q,J=267.5Hz),117.9,115.2,111.4,102.2(q,J=37.7Hz),53.2,52.2.
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-54.98.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C13H10F3NO4[M]+301.0562;Found 301.0556.
实施例5:
将75.9mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐、30.2mg(0.45mmol)重氮乙腈底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入DCE(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物,75%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.44(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.47–7.38(m,1H),7.11(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.02(s,3H),3.94(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.4,160.2,139.3,129.6,128.3,126.9,125.7,118.1,116.3,113.7,113.5,84.6,53.3,52.4.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C13H10N2O4[M]+258.0641;Found 258.0643.
实施例6:
将75.9mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐、78.8mg(0.45mmol)N-苯基重氮乙酰胺底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入DCE(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物,82%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.40(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),8.44(dd,J=9.1,1.3Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=3.6Hz,4H),7.30(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.03(dt,J=13.9,6.4Hz,2H),4.62(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.90(s,3H),3.82(s,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ168.3,163.4,160.6,138.5,137.7,128.8,127.7,127.5,127.3,125.9,125.7,120.7,115.7,111.7,107.5,53.2,52.1,43.6.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C20H18N2O5[M]+366.1216;Found 366.1209.
实施例7:
将75.9mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐、80.1mg(0.45mmol)重氮甲基膦酸二乙酯底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入DCE(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物,53%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.49(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.35–7.30(m,1H),7.05(td,J=7.0,1.0Hz,2H),4.22–4.11(m,2H),4.04(qd,J=7.5,2.9Hz,3H),3.98(s,3H),3.91(s,6H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ166.1,166.1,160.4,160.4,140.0,139.8,132.7,132.6,129.5,127.9,126.4,125.9,119.8,115.3,112.6,112.5,98.8,96.7,62.2,62.2,52.9,52.01,16.3,16.2.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C16H20NO7P[M]+369.0977;Found 369.0986.
实施例8:
将76.8mg(0.3mmol)如下所示的1,4-两性硫代咪唑盐、51.3mg(0.45mmol)重氮乙酸乙酯底物加入带有搅拌子的反应管中,随后加入5mol%催化剂CuBr再加入DCE(2ml)溶剂使其溶解后,在80℃的搅拌器中搅拌12小时,旋干后用硅胶层析分离得到目标产物,41%产率。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.59(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.73(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.19(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.01(s,3H),3.88(s,3H),3.79(s,3H),1.26(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ163.1,162.7,160.5,136.2,123.5,111.1,109.5,105.8,97.2,60.2,52.8,51.8,36.1,29.9.
HRMS(GC/QTOF)m/z:Calcd for C14H16N2O6[M]+308.1008;Found 308.1007.
对比例1:
与实施例1的区别仅在于催化剂由CuBr替换为CuO,产率为0%。
对比例2:
与实施例1的区别仅在于催化剂由CuBr替换为CuI,产率为63%。1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS和实施例1产物一致。
对比例3:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将反应温度改为50℃、反应时间改为5h,产率为54%。1HNMR、13C NMR和HRMS和实施例1产物一致。
对比例4:
与实施例1的区别仅在于,将5mol%CuBr改为10mol%,产率为80%。1H NMR、13CNMR和HRMS和实施例1产物一致。
通过对本方法合成的化合物的紫外吸收和荧光发射光谱进行测试,表明该类化合物具有较强荧光发射强度。
最后应当说明的是,以上内容仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案进行的简单修改或者等同替换,均不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (15)
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
R选自氢原子;取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R1选自氢原子;取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R2选自氢原子;取代或未取代的C1-C20烷基、膦酸二甲酯基、C1-C20酮羰基、C1-C20醛基、卤素、胺基、氰基、酰胺基或C1-C20酯基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
A选自如所述反应式中位置被N+取代的C3-C20环烷基、C3-C20杂环基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
R选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R1选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C10烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R2选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C10烷基、膦酸二甲酯基、C1-C10酮羰基、C1-C10醛基、卤素、胺基、氰基、酰胺基或C1-C10酯基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
A选自如所述反应式中位置被N+取代的C3-C10环烷基、C3-C10杂环基,所述杂环基的杂原子选自硫、氮、氧。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,
R选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C6烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R1选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C6烷基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
R2选自氢原子;取代或未取代C1-C6烷基、膦酸二甲酯基、卤素、胺基、氰基、酰胺基或C1-C6酯基,所述取代的取代基选自C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基、卤素、芳基;
A选自如所述反应式中位置被N+取代的吡咯环、苯环、萘环。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜催化剂选自CuBr和CuI中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜催化剂的浓度为2-8mol%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜催化剂的浓度为5mol%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应使用的溶剂选自二氯乙烷、乙腈、甲醇和甲苯中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应使用的溶剂选自二氯乙烷和甲苯中的至少一种。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的条件为:反应温度为70-110℃,反应时间为10-20h。
12.根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应的条件为:反应温度为80℃,反应时间为12h。
13.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐与重氮化合物的摩尔比为1:1.2-1.5。
14.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜催化剂与原料1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐的摩尔比为20:1。
15.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂与原料1,4-两性硫代吡啶盐的摩尔比为0.5-2:1。
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