CN116064187A - 一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油 - Google Patents
一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,主要由齿轮油复合剂、异丁烯极压抗磨剂、高效纳米抗磨剂、硫代磷酸三苯酯摩擦改进剂、4,4'‑二辛基二苯胺抗氧剂、加氢基础油、烷基萘基础油、聚α烯烃基础油、防锈剂、金属自修复剂和降凝剂组成。其优点是:1.采用异丁烯极压抗磨剂、高效纳米抗磨剂、硫代磷酸三苯酯摩擦改进剂,使其具有优异的抗磨性能,可减少摩擦系数,提高齿轮间的抗磨性能,从而降低磨损,延长齿轮寿命与齿轮油换油周期;2.采用4,4'‑二辛基二苯胺抗氧剂、烷基萘基础油、聚α烯烃基础油,具有优异的热与氧化安定性,延长齿轮油的换油周期;3.采用高效防锈剂与金属自修复剂,延长齿轮组与齿轮油的寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油领域,涉及到一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油。
背景技术
齿轮油是车辆传动系统的重要组成部分,在齿轮运转过程中起到润滑减磨、冷却散热、防腐防锈等作用,对于延长齿轮组寿命起到关键作用。
随着技术的进步,以及节能减排、环保的趋势,国内市场对于齿轮油换油周期的要求也越来越高,其中矿物油型齿轮油换油周期一般为4~8万公里,合成油型齿轮油可达15~20万公里,而欧系重型卡车对于齿轮油使用寿命要求更加高,部分欧系车重型卡车如沃尔沃、奔驰等,齿轮油要求的换油周期可达30万公里。齿轮油换油周期主要由抗磨性、抗氧化性、防腐防锈等性能以及对齿轮的保护作用决定,所以良好的齿轮油要求有良好的极压抗磨性、抗氧化性、剪切安定性、金属保护性能。
目前,关于车辆齿轮油的公开技术有很多。CN112608786A公开了一种长里程汽车齿轮油及其制备方法,由3.9wt%HiTEC@R3339、6wt%纳克V1000基础油、55wt%150BS、34.7wt%恒力150N、0.4wt%的降凝剂、50ppm消泡剂组成,其发明的齿轮油单次换油周期可达150000公里,具有良好的燃油经济性、低温性能等优点,但15万公里换油里程已不足以满足现今齿轮油的用油现状。
CN112126494A公开了一种超长换油周期的齿轮油及其制备方法,由PAO5-15份、聚甲基丙烯酸酯类降凝剂0.5-2份、粘度指数改进剂0.5-3份、季戊四醇酯0.5-1.5、长效复合剂0.5-2份、烷基萘基础油0.5-2份、消泡剂0.05-0.15份、防锈剂0.05-0.3份、油性剂0.01-0.1份、清净剂0.05-0.3份、极压抗磨剂0.5-1.5份和金属减活剂0.01-0.1份组成,其发明的齿轮油具有超50万公里的超长换油里程,具有优良的抗氧化、抗磨性能等特点。该专利未对延长齿轮寿命进行深入研究,齿轮寿命影响齿轮油换油里程,齿轮磨损掉落的金属颗粒影响齿轮油的性能指标,延长换油周期同时需要研究齿轮油如何更有效地延长齿轮寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,重点解决低换油里程,齿轮磨损严重,在接近换油周期时抗磨性不足的缺点,能对齿轮金属起到修复的功能从而有效延长齿轮使用寿命,并延长齿轮油的使用寿命。
本发明所提供的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其技术方案如下:
按重量份配比:
齿轮油复合剂 2-4
高效纳米极压抗磨剂 1-3
摩擦系数改进剂 0.5-2
防锈剂 0.5-2
金属自修复剂 0.1-0.6
抗氧剂 0.2-2
降凝剂 0.1-0.5
基础油 90-96。
所述的高效纳米抗磨剂为:二烷基苯︰硼化聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺(30-60)nm的磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒︰纳米石墨烯︰硫含量大于25%的硫化异丁烯重量配比为:2-10︰1-7︰0-5︰1-7︰1-9的混合物。
所述(40-60)nm磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒,其制备方法如下:
首先制备磷酸铝的浓盐酸溶液,将所制备的磷酸铝浓盐酸溶液盛装在装有搅拌器的透明容器中,用功率为(500-2500)W的激光照射磷酸铝的浓盐酸溶液,同时开启搅拌器,当溶液出现微微浑浊时,改变为功率为(1000-1500)W的激光脉冲辐照,所得的沉淀物即为磷酸铝的球形纳米颗粒;将上述所得纳米颗粒通过碱洗,并通过纳米级滤膜过滤提纯后即可得(40-60)nm磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒。
所述摩擦系数改进剂为硫代磷酸三苯酯T309、硫化烯烃棉籽油T405中的一种。
所述防锈剂为十二烯基丁二酸T746、苯丙三氮唑T706、十二烯基丁二酸酯T747中的至少一种。
所述的金属自修复剂为粒度范围在30nm-80nm的微纳米锡粉。其目的在于该金属自修复剂能以润滑油为载体进入到齿轮箱工作环境中,补偿齿轮磨损间隙,使零件恢复原始形状,优化齿轮间隙,延长齿轮寿命。
所述抗氧剂为4,4'-二辛基二苯胺T5570、N-苯基-α萘胺T-531中的至少一种。
所述齿轮油复合剂为美国雅富顿公司生产销售的齿轮油复合剂HiTEC@R6320,所述降凝剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯类降凝剂,所述基础油为二类加氢基础油、烷基萘、聚α烯烃中的至少一种或其混合物。
本发明一种长换油周期齿轮油具有如下特点:
1.采用高效纳米抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂,具有优良的抗磨特性。
2.采用胺类高效抗氧剂与高效防锈剂,具有优良的抗氧防锈性能,提升齿轮油抗氧化安定性,延长换油周期。
3.采用微纳米锡粉金属自修复剂,有效修复零件,延长齿轮组寿命,同时延长齿轮油的寿命。
4.具有优良的黏度保持能力,可达60万公里的长换油周期。
具体实施
以下实施例对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不受这些实施例所限制。对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换,而不脱离本发明方案的精神,其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围。
实施例1
1.(40-60)nm磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒是这样实现的:
首先制备磷酸铝的浓盐酸溶液,将所制备的磷酸铝的浓盐酸溶液盛装在装有搅拌器的透明容器中,用功率为500-2500W的激光照射磷酸铝的浓盐酸溶液,同时开启搅拌器,当溶液出现微微浑浊时,改变为功率为1000-1500W的激光脉冲辐照,所得的沉淀物即为磷酸铝的球形纳米颗粒;将上述所得纳米颗粒通过碱洗,并依次通过(40-60)nm、(60-100)nm纳米级滤膜过滤提纯后即可得到(40-60)nm磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒。
2.高效纳米极压抗磨剂是这样实现的:
所述的高效纳米极压抗磨剂为:二烷基苯︰硼化聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺︰(40-60)nm的磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒︰纳米石墨烯︰硫含量为30%的硫化异丁烯按重量为配比为:4︰3︰2︰3︰5的混合物。
3.长换油周期齿轮油的制备方法为:按配方重量份配比,将3.5份HiTEC@R6320齿轮油复合剂、1份高效纳米极压抗磨剂、0.8份硫代磷酸三苯酯T309摩擦改进剂、0.5份苯丙三氮唑T706︰十二烯基丁二酸酯T747为3︰7的防锈剂、0.3份粒度为50nm的微纳米锡粉、0.8份4,4'-二辛基二苯胺T5570抗氧剂、0.6份聚甲基丙烯酸酯类降凝剂、92.5份台塑500N︰上海纳克公司的PAO150︰烷基萘AN23为:8:1:1的基础油在(52-65)℃下使其混合均匀即可得到一种长换油周期齿轮油。
实施例2
1.步骤同实施例1,高效纳米极压抗磨剂是这样实现的:
所述的高效纳米极压抗磨剂为:二烷基苯︰硼化聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺︰(40-60)nm的磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒︰纳米石墨烯︰硫含量为30%的硫化异丁烯按重量配比为:3︰5︰5︰2︰6的混合物。
2.长换油周期齿轮油的制备方法为:按配方重量份配比,将2.5份HiTEC@R6320齿轮油复合剂、2份高效纳米极压抗磨剂、1.2份硫代磷酸三苯酯T309摩擦改进剂、0.8份苯丙三氮唑T706︰十二烯基丁二酸酯T747为3︰7的防锈剂、0.5份粒度为50nm的微纳米锡粉、1.0份4,4'-二辛基二苯胺T5570抗氧剂、0.6份聚甲基丙烯酸酯类降凝剂、91.6份台塑500N︰上海纳克公司的PAO150︰烷基萘AN23为:9:1:2的基础油在(52-65)℃下使其混合均匀即可得到一种长换油周期齿轮油。
实施例3
1.步骤同实施例1,高效纳米极压抗磨剂是这样实现的:
所述的高效纳米极压抗磨剂为:二烷基苯︰硼化聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺︰(40-60)nm的磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒︰纳米石墨烯︰硫含量为30%的硫化异丁烯按重量配比为:2︰4︰6︰1︰7的混合物。
2.长换油周期齿轮油的制备方法为:按配方重量份配比,将2份HiTEC@R6320齿轮油复合剂、2.6份高效纳米极压抗磨剂、1.6份硫代磷酸三苯酯T309摩擦改进剂、1.2份苯丙三氮唑T706︰十二烯基丁二酸酯T747为3︰7的防锈剂、0.3份粒度为50nm的微纳米锡粉、1.4份4,4'-二辛基二苯胺T5570抗氧剂、0.6份聚甲基丙烯酸酯类降凝剂、90.3份台塑500N︰上海纳克公司的PAO150︰烷基萘AN23为:15:1:5的基础油在(52-65)℃下使其混合均匀即可得到一种长换油周期齿轮油。
比较例4
1.按配方重量份配比,将3.3份HiTEC@R6320齿轮油复合剂、0.6份聚甲基丙烯酸酯类降凝剂、91.8份台塑500N︰烷基萘AN23为:2:5的基础油在(52-65)℃使其混合均匀即可得到一种长换油周期齿轮油。
实施例1~3和比较例4的长换油周期车辆齿轮油的相关性能采用以下方法测试:
1.长换油周期车辆齿轮油100℃运动粘度测试方法:参照GB/T 265中的规定进行;
2.40℃运动粘度测试方法:参照GB/T 265中的规定进行;
3.粘度指数计算方法:参照GB/T 1995中的规定进行;
4.剪切安定性测试方法:NB/SH/T 0845中的规定进行;
5.倾点的测试方法:参照GB/T3535中的规定进行;
6.铜片腐蚀的测试方法:参照GB/T 5096中的规定进行;
7.表观黏度:参照GB/T11145中的规定进行;
8.戊烷不溶物:参照GB/T8926 A中的规定进行;
8.高温高剪切黏度的测试方法:参照SH/T 0703中的规定进行;
9.蒸发损失(质量分数)的测试方法:参照SH/T 0059中的规定进行;
10.摩擦系数的测试方法:参照SH/T 0189-2017中的规定进行;
11.抗微点蚀的测试方法:参照NB/SH/T 0922中的规定进行。
上述实施例1-3与对比例4的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油的理化指标如下表1所示。
剪切安定性表示齿轮油在高温剪切后油膜强度的保持能力以及润滑性能的保持能力,油膜强度越高,齿轮油保护齿轮的能力越强,影响齿轮寿命。由表1可看出实例1-3剪切后粘度降低值较低(与比较例4对比),说明实例1-3在高温剪切后能保持较强的油膜强度,从而延长齿轮油使用寿命。
铜片腐蚀表示齿轮油对铜金属的腐蚀性大小,表1数据所示,将标准方法进行拓展,延长试验时间,实例1-3对铜金属腐蚀性较小,在长换油周期的过程中能对铜金属起到保护的作用,从而延长齿轮油寿命。
微点蚀试验能测定齿轮油的对于齿轮的抗磨损性能,失效等级越高,齿轮油的抗磨损性能越好,使用寿命越长。实例1-3与比较例相比具有更好的抗磨损性能,说明实例1-3的抗磨性更好,使用寿命更长,以及具有一定的自修复性能。
对上述车辆齿轮油进行行车模拟试验,参照GB/T30034-2013内的项目对模拟里程为60万公里的齿轮油进行检验,所示结果如下表2所示。
由表1可看出,本发明一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油与现有技术(比较例4)相比,实例1-3具有较好的抗腐蚀性能,优异的抗微点蚀性能,能在长换油里程的齿轮中有效保护齿轮零部件并具有一定的金属自修复能力,可有效防止零部件变形,以及降低金属颗粒产生提高齿轮油的使用寿命。抗磨性能与抗剪切安定性较好且具有较低的摩擦系数,降低齿轮间的磨损,从而有效延长齿轮与齿轮油寿命。由表2可看出,实例1-3在行驶60万公里后齿轮油粘度保持能力较好,具有较好的抗氧化性能,且具有优异的防腐防锈性能,模拟60万公里行驶后各项性能皆在重负荷车辆齿轮油换油指标范围内。
终上所述,本发明一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油具有超60万公里的换油里程,能有效保护并自修复车辆齿轮零件,并具有优异的抗氧防锈性能。
Claims (7)
1.一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其特征在于,按重量份比包括:
齿轮油复合剂 2-4
高效纳米极压抗磨剂 1-3
摩擦改进剂 0.5-2
防锈剂 0.5-2
金属自修复剂 0.1-0.6
抗氧剂 0.2-2
降凝剂 0.1-0.6
基础油 90-96。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其特征在于,所述的高效纳米极压抗磨剂为:二烷基苯︰硼化聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺︰40-60nm磷酸铝球形纳米颗粒︰纳米石墨烯︰硫含量大于25%的硫化异丁烯,按重量配比为:2-10︰1-7︰0-5︰1-7︰1-9的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其特征在于,所述的摩擦改进剂为硫代磷酸三苯酯T309、硫化烯烃棉籽油T405中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其特征在于,所述的防锈剂为十二烯基丁二酸T746、苯丙三氮唑T706、十二烯基丁二酸酯T747中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其特征在于,所述的金属自
修复剂为粒度范围在30nm-80nm的微纳米锡粉。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其特征在于,所述的抗氧剂为4,4'-二辛基二苯胺T5570、N-苯基-α萘胺T-531中的至少一种。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种长换油周期车辆齿轮油,其特征在于,所述的齿轮油复合剂为HiTEC○R6320,所述的降凝剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯类降凝剂、聚α烯烃类降凝剂中的一种,所述的基础油为二类加氢基础油、烷基萘、聚α烯烃中的至少一种或其混合物。
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