CN116063227A - 截短侧耳素衍生物及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents

截短侧耳素衍生物及其合成方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN116063227A
CN116063227A CN202310217159.8A CN202310217159A CN116063227A CN 116063227 A CN116063227 A CN 116063227A CN 202310217159 A CN202310217159 A CN 202310217159A CN 116063227 A CN116063227 A CN 116063227A
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pleuromutilin
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林树乾
张家铭
衣云鹏
黄中利
赵增成
杨世发
殷斌
刘月月
李桂明
张荣玲
闫遵祥
宋士凯
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Poultry Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明涉及药物化学技术领域,尤其涉及截短侧耳素衍生物及其合成方法和应用。本发明重新设计了截短侧耳素衍生物,在C14侧链增加吡啶基团修饰,吡啶阳离子有望增强截短侧耳素类药物的透膜能力;筛选了抗菌活性良好的含吡啶侧链的截短侧耳素衍生物,合成并评价了其体内、体外抗菌活性,揭示了截短侧耳素衍生物作为进一步优化和发现新抗生素的先导化合物的治疗潜力。

Description

截短侧耳素衍生物及其合成方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学技术领域,尤其涉及截短侧耳素衍生物及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
细菌耐药性是指细菌对药物的敏感度降低或是产生高度耐受的情况,这使人类对细菌的预防能力和药物的治疗效果大大降低。耐药菌对人类的健康有着严重威胁,我们常说的耐药菌通常都存在多重耐药的情况,多重耐药菌指同时对三类或三类以上的抗生素有抗性的细菌。为了关注和指导与新抗生素有关的研究和开发,世卫组织公布了急需开发新型抗菌药物的病原体名单,其中ESKAPE(粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌)病原体被列为重点。细菌通过基因突变和基因传递获取耐药基因,ESKAPE病原体已经发展出对恶唑烷酮类、脂肽类、大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、内酰胺类、内酰胺酶抑制剂组合以及作为最后一道防线的抗生素(包括碳青霉烯类、糖肽类和多粘菌素)的耐药机制。
抗菌剂为人类和动物的健康做出了不可磨灭的贡献,抗菌剂被广泛用于动物疾病控制、预防和治疗,并在畜牧业中作为生长促进剂发挥了至关重要的作用。几种类型的抗菌剂,如抗生素、消毒剂和食品防腐剂,可用于微生物,以降低其生长能力,抑制繁殖,甚至杀死它们。一些天然的、半合成的和合成的制剂具有独特的机制,能够在代谢和生理层面上引起重大改变,如β-内酰胺类和糖肽类对细胞壁合成的改变,大环内酯类和四环素类对蛋白质合成的抑制,磺胺类对代谢途径的抑制,以及氟喹诺酮对DNA复制和翻译的干扰。畜禽饲料中抗菌剂的过度使用和误用导致了抗菌剂耐药性的迅速增加。多药耐药(MDR)造成了重大的经济和健康问题,影响了畜牧业和人类医疗保健,导致传统临床治疗失败。抗菌素耐药性是人类和动物健康的主要威胁。
截短侧耳素作为一种天然化合物于1951年首次被发现,从两种真菌(Pleurotusmutilus和P.passeckerianus)的培养物中分离出结晶形式。通过多种稳定性测试,证明截短侧耳素比大多数抗生素稳定,对革兰氏阳性菌有良好的抑菌活性。在阐明截短侧耳素的结构后,通过化学修饰合成了一系列新的衍生物,以提高其抗菌活性;修改的重点是C14侧链。
随着对截短侧耳素抗菌机制的深入研究,针对日益严重的细菌多药耐药性问题,生物安全面临严峻挑战。本研究在现有研究基础上,重新设计截短侧耳素衍生物,筛选抗菌活性良好的截短侧耳素衍生物,合成并评价其体内、体外抗菌活性,研究了系列药物的抗菌机制;揭示了截短侧耳素衍生物作为进一步优化和发现新抗生素的先导化合物的治疗潜力。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了截短侧耳素衍生物及其合成方法和应用,重新设计了截短侧耳素衍生物,在C14侧链增加吡啶基团修饰,吡啶阳离子有望增强截短侧耳素类药物的透膜能力;筛选了抗菌活性良好的含吡啶侧链的截短侧耳素衍生物,合成并评价了其体内、体外抗菌活性,揭示了截短侧耳素衍生物作为进一步优化和发现新抗生素的先导化合物的治疗潜力,解决了现有技术中存在的问题。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
本发明所提供的技术方案之一是:
一种具有以下结构通式(I)的截短侧耳素衍生物:
Figure BDA0004115311750000021
其中,R选自以下烷基链、脂肪酸、醇、醚、芳香环基团中的一种:
Figure BDA0004115311750000031
X为I或Br。
进一步地,R选自以下基团中的一种:
Figure BDA0004115311750000032
进一步地,R为
Figure BDA0004115311750000033
X为I。
本发明所提供的技术方案之二是:
一种合成如上所述的截短侧耳素衍生物的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)截短侧耳素衍生物中间体的合成
S1、中间体b的合成
称取截短侧耳素加入到甲基叔丁基醚中,边搅拌边加入4-甲苯磺酰氯,将NaOH溶液加入到上述溶液中,得混合物;上述混合物在60℃搅拌1小时后迅速冷却至0℃,得白色悬浊液,分别用甲基叔丁基醚和水洗涤,干燥后得到白色固体;
S2、中间体c合成:
将4-巯基吡啶加到甲醇溶液中,加入NaOH至上述溶液,在室温条件下搅拌后;加入溶有化合物b的二氯甲烷溶液,在室温下搅拌24小时;调节溶液pH至6,减压浓缩,加入乙酸乙酯重新溶解,加入饱和氯化钠洗涤萃取混合物,用无水硫酸钠干燥;浓缩有机相,用柱色谱法提纯;
Figure BDA0004115311750000041
(2)截短侧耳素衍生物e1-e29的合成
将1mmol化合物c和1mmol连接基团R-I在10mL乙腈溶液中搅拌回流,反应完成后,减压浓缩,加入10mL乙酸乙酯重新溶解,加入饱和氯化钠洗涤萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥;浓缩的粗产品采用柱色谱法提纯,即得;
Figure BDA0004115311750000042
进一步地,步骤(1)中混合物的制备操作为:准确称取7.57g的截短侧耳素,加入到25mL甲基叔丁基醚中,边搅拌边加入4.2g的4-甲苯磺酰氯,将5mL、10M的NaOH溶液加入到上述溶液中,得混合物。
进一步地,步骤(2)中4-巯基吡啶用量111mg,甲醇溶液用量1mL;NaOH用量40mg;化合物b用量585mg;二氯甲烷溶液用量3mL。
本发明所提供的技术方案之三是:
如前所述的截短侧耳素衍生物在制备抗菌剂药物中的应用。
如前所述的截短侧耳素衍生物在制备预防、和/或治疗多药耐药细菌感染疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明截短侧耳素衍生物的合成,用对甲苯磺酰氯激活截短侧耳素C21位的羟基,产生中间物b,随后与亲核试剂4-巯基吡啶反应,在碱性条件下产生关键的中间体c。中间物c与卤素的侧链反应,为目标分子提供吡啶阳离子,通过改变侧链末端的结构为它们提供不同的亲水单元和电子效应。e1-e29系列化合物直接与吡啶的N4连接,获得目标化合物的吡啶结构。其中,化合物e4、e11、e12和e27对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、MRSA和MRSE表现出比现有泰妙菌素更高的抗菌活性。通过对抗菌机制的研究,发现该系列衍生物可以有效地干扰细菌蛋白的表达,其中,e4表现出了独特且优异的抗菌活性、几乎不会产生耐药性,并具有稳定的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物e4对耐药性MRSA(A和B)和多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌菌株(C和D)的时间杀菌曲线;
图2为经本发明化合物e4诱导24天,MRSA(A)和K.pneumoniae(B)的耐药性发展情况;
图3为用不同浓度的本发明化合物e4处理的MRSA(ATCC 43300)的细菌生长曲线;
图4为本发明化合物e4抑制六种细菌迁徙的能力;
图5为化合物对全身多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus-sa1)感染小鼠模型的影响;
图6为用不同浓度的化合物e4治疗受感染小鼠的肺部效果图;
图7为本发明化合物e4对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213的细胞膜形态的影响;
图8为本发明化合物e4对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 29213)的抗菌机制研究;比例尺:25μm;
图9为在不同浓度下,本发明化合物e4和泰妙菌素对HEPG2细胞(A)和HEK293细胞(B)增殖的影响、e4的溶血活性(C),e4抑制MRSA(ATCC43300)溶血性毒素的产生(D),及e4的急性毒性试验(E)。
其中,图5中A、B分别为化合物e4和泰妙菌素对全身多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus-sa1)感染小鼠模型的影响;图5中C、D分别为用不同剂量的e4和泰妙菌素处理感染小鼠的肺部(C)和肝脏(D)中的金黄色葡萄球菌的细菌量;**P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义;
图6中A为阴性对照组,B为阳性对照组,C为e4 40mg/kg处理组,D为e4 20mg/kg处理组,E为泰妙菌素40mg/kg处理组,F为泰妙菌素20mg/kg处理组(F);
图7中A-E:不同浓度的化合物e4与金黄色葡萄球菌共同培养,bar:25μm;F-J:化合物e4对GFP金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 29213的抑制作用;bar:25μm;K:与不同浓度的e4共同培养后,β-半乳糖苷酶的释放;
图9中A为e4和泰妙菌素对HEPG2细胞增殖的影响;B为e4和泰妙菌素对HEK293细胞增殖的影响;C为e4的溶血活性;D为e4抑制MRSA(ATCC43300)溶血性毒素的产生;E为e4的急性毒性试验。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点,下面通过具体实施方式,结合附图,对本发明进行详细阐述。本发明的范围并不限于下述实施例。本领域的专业人员能够理解,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,可以对本发明进行各种变化和修饰。
下述实施例中所涉及的仪器、试剂、材料等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规仪器、试剂、材料等,可通过正规商业途径获得。下述实施例中所涉及的实验方法,检测方法等,若无特别说明,均为现有技术中已有的常规实验方法,检测方法等。
本发明截短侧耳素衍生物的合成方法如下:
1、截短侧耳素衍生物中间体的合成方法
1.1中间体b合成方法:
准确称取截短侧耳素(7.57g,20mmol)加入到25mL甲基叔丁基醚中,边搅拌边加入4-甲苯磺酰氯(4.2g,22mmol),将5mL NaOH(10M)溶液加入到上述溶液中。上述混合物在60℃搅拌1小时后迅速冷却至0℃,得到的白色悬浊液分别用3×10mL甲基叔丁基醚和水洗涤,干燥后得到白色固体,无需提纯可直接用于下一步。
1.2中间体c合成方法:
将4-巯基吡啶(111mg,1mmol)加到1mL甲醇溶液中,加入40mg NaOH至上述溶液,在室温条件下搅拌十分钟。加入溶有化合物b(585mg.1.1mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液3mL,在室温下搅拌24小时。调节溶液pH至6,减压浓缩,加入10mL乙酸乙酯重新溶解,加入饱和氯化钠洗涤萃取混合物,用无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩有机相,用柱色谱法提纯。
合成反应式如下:
Figure BDA0004115311750000071
2、截短侧耳素衍生物e1-e29的合成
将中间体化合物c(1mmol)和连接基团(1mmol)在10mL乙腈溶液中搅拌回流,薄层色谱法监测反应完成后,反应溶液减压浓缩,加入10mL乙酸乙酯重新溶解,加入饱和氯化钠洗涤萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。浓缩的粗产品用硅胶柱色谱法(二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:1-95:5)提纯。
合成反应式及所得的各化合物如下:
Figure BDA0004115311750000081
所有化合物采用1H NMR、13C NMR和LC-MS进行了结构鉴定,结构表征如以下示出的各实施例。
实施例1
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-丙基吡啶-1-鎓(e1)
白色粉末,产率:80%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.82(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),8.00(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.07–4.97(m,2H),4.57(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.41(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=2.9Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=12.8Hz,1H),2.12–2.01(m,3H),1.88(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.64(dd,J=23.2,12.4Hz,2H),1.49(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),1.42–1.35(m,1H),1.34(d,J=5.5Hz,3H),1.29(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),1.25(d,J=13.9Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.04–0.99(m,1H),0.86(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,166.6,161.2,143.0,141.4,123.6,115.7,73.0,71.4,61.2,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.8,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,24.4,16.7,14.9,12.0,10.6.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C30H44NO4S+]514.2991,found 514.2996。
实施例2
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-丙基吡啶-1-鎓(e2)
白色粉末,产率:76%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.83(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.7,11.1Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=26.7,14.5Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.44(s,2H),4.38(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),3.42(s,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),2.13–2.01(m,3H),1.84(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.64(dd,J=24.4,12.7Hz,2H),1.50(s,1H),1.37(d,J=13.5Hz,1H),1.33(s,4H),1.26(d,J=7.7Hz,4H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(s,1H),0.91(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.62(s,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,166.6,161.2,143.0,141.4,123.7,115.7,73.0,71.4,59.7,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.8,32.9,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,19.2,16.7,14.9,13.8,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C31H46NO4S+]528.3147,found528.3143。
实施例3
1-丁基-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e3)
白色粉末,产率:70%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.84(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),6.09(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=26.8,14.4Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.46(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),2.06(d,J=39.5Hz,3H),1.84(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.64(d,J=11.1Hz,2H),1.50(s,1H),1.36(s,1H),1.33(s,3H),1.26(s,2H),1.25(s,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.00(s,1H),0.91(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.7,166.6,161.1,143.0,141.4,123.6,115.7,72.9,71.4,59.6,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.7,32.9,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,19.2,16.7,14.9,13.8,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C31H46NO4S+]528.3147,found 528.3143。
实施例4
1-庚基-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e4)
黄色粉末,产率:48%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.82(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.07–4.96(m,2H),4.58(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.44(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.40(s,1H),2.22–2.16(m,1H),2.12–2.01(m,3H),1.85(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.68–1.59(m,2H),1.49(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),1.37(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),1.33(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),1.31(s,1H),1.28(s,2H),1.26(s,2H),1.24(d,J=3.2Hz,2H),1.23(s,2H),1.21(dd,J=14.5,6.4Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.86(t,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,166.6,161.2,143.0,141.3,123.7,115.7,73.0,71.4,59.9,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.7,31.5,30.9,30.5,29.2,28.5,27.0,25.8,24.9,22.4,16.7,14.9,14.4,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C34H52NO4S+]570.3617,found 570.3613。
实施例5
1-癸基-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e5)
White powder;yield:46%.1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.83(d,J=6.6
Hz,2H),8.00(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.1Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.06–4.97(m,2H),4.59(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.44(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=2.9Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.39(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.41(s,1H),2.18(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),2.13–2.04(m,2H),2.04–1.98(m,1H),1.93–1.77(m,2H),1.64(dd,J=24.2,12.8Hz,2H),1.49(d,J=10.1Hz,1H),1.39(t,J=13.9Hz,1H),1.34(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.32(s,1H),1.27–1.22(m,14H),1.10(s,1H),1.06(s,3H),1.00(dd,J=16.9,5.8Hz,1H),0.86(t,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,166.6,161.1,143.0,141.3,123.6,115.7,72.9,71.4,65.4,59.9,57.6,55.4,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.7,31.7,30.9,29.3,29.3,29.1,28.8,27.0,25.8,24.9,22.6,16.7,14.9,14.4,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C37H58NO4S+]612.4081,found612.4085。
实施例6
1-十二烷基-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e6)
White powder;yield:52%.1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.82(d,J=5.6
Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.04(d,J=17.8Hz,1H),4.99(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.58(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.44(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=2.8Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),2.41(s,1H),2.24–2.17(m,1H),2.12–2.01(m,3H),1.85(p,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.69–1.59(m,2H),1.49(q,J=4.4,3.6Hz,1H),1.36(s,1H),1.33(s,3H),1.31(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),1.30–1.18(m,20H),1.06(s,3H),1.04–0.99(m,1H),0.86(t,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ217.1,166.2,161.7,143.0,140.9,123.0,113.7,73.0,70.5,59.9,57.6,55.4,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.2,31.8,30.9,30.5,29.5,29.4,29.3,29.2,28.8,28.0,27.0,25.8,24.9,21.9,16.7,14.9,14.4,12.5.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C39H62NO4S+]640.4394,found 640.4396。
实施例7
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-异丙基吡啶-1-鎓(e7)
白色粉末,产率:51%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.91(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),8.00(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.05–4.97(m,2H),4.90–4.85(m,1H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.39(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.43(s,1H),2.19(dd,J=18.8,10.3Hz,1H),2.13–2.06(m,2H),2.04(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),1.68–1.59(m,2H),1.56(d,J=6.7Hz,6H),1.50(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),1.37(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),1.33(s,3H),1.31–
1.22(m,3H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,166.7,161.3,141.4,141.3,123.9,115.7,73.0,71.4,63.2,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.7,30.6,29.1,27.0,24.9,22.7,16.6,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C30H44NO4S+]514.2991,found514.2993。
实施例8
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-异丁基吡啶-1-鎓(e8)
白色粉末,产率:63%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.79(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),8.01(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.06–4.97(m,2H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.38(s,2H),4.29(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.17(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.12–2.01(m,3H),1.68–1.59(m,2H),1.52–1.47(m,1H),1.38(s,1H),1.33(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),1.25(d,J=14.0Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.87(d,J=6.6Hz,6H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.6,166.6,161.4,143.1,141.4,123.6,115.7,73.0,71.4,65.9,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.8,30.5,30.2,29.1,27.0,24.9,19.3,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C31H46NO4S+]528.3147,found 528.3143。
实施例9
1-烯丙基-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e9)
白色粉末,产率:32%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.76(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),8.01(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),6.16–6.06(m,2H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.42(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=17.1Hz,1H),5.11(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),5.06–4.98(m,2H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.43–4.35(m,2H),3.42(s,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),2.07(dd,J=29.9,8.0Hz,3H),1.64(d,J=11.5Hz,2H),1.49(s,1H),1.39(s,1H),1.34(s,3H),1.32(s,1H),1.28(d,J=12.6Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.00(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13CNMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.6,166.6,161.7,143.0,141.3,132.4,123.7,121.7,115.7,73.0,71.5,57.6,55.4,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,36.9,36.8,34.5,33.8,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C30H42NO4S+]512.2834,found512.2831。
实施例10
1-(丁-3-烯基)-4-[(2-{[(1S,2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R,14R)-3-羟基-2,4,7,14-四甲基-9-氧亚基-4-乙烯基三环[5.4.3.01,8]十四烷-6-基]氧基}-2-氧亚基乙基)硫基]吡啶-1-正离子(e10)
白色固体,产率:33%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.86–8.73(m,2H),8.03–7.95(m,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.77(d,J=14.3Hz,1H),5.57(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),5.08–4.95(m,4H),4.56(d,J=9.1Hz,3H),4.38(d,J=1.6Hz,2H),3.43(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.65(d,J=5.4Hz,2H),2.42(s,1H),2.19(dd,J=18.7,9.5Hz,1H),2.14–2.06(m,2H),2.04(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),1.69–1.59(m,2H),1.49(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),1.37(d,J=15.9Hz,1H),1.33(s,3H),1.29(d,J=12.6Hz,1H),1.25(d,J=13.9Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.6,166.6,161.3,143.0,141.4,133.5,123.4,119.5,115.7,72.9,71.4,58.8,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,35.1,34.5,33.7,30.5,29.2,27.0,24.9,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C31H44NO4S+]526.2991,found 526.2995。
实施例11
4-[(2-{[(1S,2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R)-3-羟基-2,4,7,14-四甲基-9-氧亚基-4-乙烯基三环[5.4.3.01,8]十四烷-6-基]氧基}-2-氧亚基乙基)硫基]-1-(丙-2-炔基)吡啶-1-正离子(e11)
白色固体,产率:37%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.80(dd,J=52.2,6.6Hz,2H),8.03(s,2H),6.24(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.46(s,1H),5.02(dd,J=32.8,14.5Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.41(d,J=3.8Hz,2H),3.42(s,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.8Hz,1H),2.13–2.02(m,3H),1.64(d,J=12.3Hz,2H),1.50(s,1H),1.35(s,5H),1.25(d,J=14.9Hz,3H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(s,1H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=3.5Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,166.5,162.6,142.6,141.3,139.8,123.8,115.7,105.0,94.1,81.3,76.4,73.0,71.5,57.6,45.4,44.6,42.0,36.9,36.8,34.5,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,16.7,15.0,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C30H40NO4S+]510.2678,found 510.2675。
实施例12
1-(丁-2-炔基)-4-[(2-{[(2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R,14R)-3-羟基-2,4,7,14-四甲基-9-氧亚基-4-乙烯基三环[5.4.3.01,8]十四烷-6-基]氧基}-2-氧亚基乙基)硫基]吡啶-1-正离子(e12)
白色固体,产率:43%。1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.05(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.74(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),6.30(dd,J=17.4,11.0Hz,1H),5.72(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.66(q,J=2.5Hz,2H),5.24–5.22(m,1H),5.12(dd,J=17.4,1.5Hz,1H),4.00–3.83(m,2H),3.31(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.27–2.17(m,2H),2.14(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),2.11–2.06(m,1H),2.06–2.02(m,1H),1.86(t,J=2.4Hz,3H),1.70(dd,J=14.6,3.2Hz,1H),1.65–1.56(m,2H),1.51–1.41(m,1H),1.39(s,1H),1.38(s,2H),1.31(dd,J=17.3,2.7Hz,2H),1.25(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),1.19(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),1.17(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),1.11(s,3H),1.07–1.01(m,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.65(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,Chloroform-d)δ216.6,165.7,162.3,142.1,138.9,123.1,117.5,88.8,74.5,71.6,69.5,58.0,50.7,45.4,45.0,44.0,41.9,36.6,36.0,34.5,34.4,30.4,26.8,26.6,24.8,17.1,14.9,11.5,3.9.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C31H42NO4S+]524.2834,found 524.2833。
实施例13
1-(丁-3-炔基)-4-[(2-{[(1S,2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R,14R)-3-羟基-2,4,7,14-四甲基-9-氧亚基-4-乙烯基三环[5.4.3.01,8]十四烷-6-基]氧基}-2-氧亚基乙基)硫基]吡啶-1-正离子(e13)
白色固体,产率:72%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.83(d,J=6.6Hz,2H),8.03(s,2H),6.10(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.09–4.97(m,2H),4.59(d,J=6.5Hz,3H),4.40(s,2H),3.42(s,1H),3.05(s,1H),2.92(s,2H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),2.07(dd,J=28.4,8.2Hz,3H),1.64(d,J=10.8Hz,2H),1.50(s,1H),1.35(d,J=15.5Hz,5H),1.27(d,J=17.2Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(s,1H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=7.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.6,166.6,161.9,143.1,141.3,123.3,115.7,79.7,75.5,73.0,71.5,57.6,55.4,45.4,44.6,43.3,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.8,30.9,29.2,27.0,25.4,20.6,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C31H42NO4S+]524.2834,found 524.2831。
实施例14
1-(羧甲基)-4-[(2-{[(1S,2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R)-3-羟基-2,4,7,14-四甲基-9-氧亚基-4-乙烯基三环[5.4.3.01,8]十四烷-6-基]氧基}-2-氧亚基乙基)硫基]吡啶-1-正离子(e14)
白色固体,产率:84%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.97(s,1H),8.75–8.72(m,2H),8.02(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.10(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.35(s,2H),5.02(d,J=15.1Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.40(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),3.42(s,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),2.09(d,J=9.9Hz,2H),2.05(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),1.64(d,J=22.0Hz,2H),1.50(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),1.36(d,J=15.7Hz,5H),1.28(d,J=12.6Hz,3H),1.07(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.63(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13CNMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,168.2,166.5,162.9,144.6,141.3,123.1,116.3,73.0,71.5,59.9,57.6,45.8,44.6,44.0,42.0,36.9,36.8,34.5,33.9,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,16.7,15.0,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C29H40NO6S+]530.2576,found 530.2574。
实施例15
1-(4-羧基丁基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e15)
白色固体,产率:53%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.15(s,1H),8.84(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),8.00(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.57(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.04(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),5.00(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.47(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=4.2Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.27(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.22–2.16(m,1H),2.12–2.01(m,3H),1.91–1.85(m,2H),1.65(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),1.52–1.43(m,3H),1.37(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),1.34(d,J=6.1Hz,3H),1.32(s,1H),1.29–1.23(m,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13CNMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,174.5,166.6,161.2,143.0,141.3,123.7,115.7,73.0,71.4,59.5,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,36.9,36.8,34.5,33.8,33.3,30.6,30.4,29.1,27.0,24.9,21.3,16.6,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for
[C32H46NO6S+]572.3046,found 572.3043。
实施例16
1-(5-羧基戊基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e16)
白色固体,产率:23%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.04(s,1H),8.84(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.09(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.00(s,2H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.45(s,2H),4.38(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),3.42(s,1H),2.41(s,1H),2.21(d,J=7.3Hz,3H),2.12–2.01(m,3H),1.87(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.64(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),1.52(d,J=7.7Hz,3H),1.33(s,4H),1.32(s,1H),1.26(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,174.7,166.6,161.1,143.0,141.4,123.6,115.7,73.0,71.4,59.6,57.6,56.8,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,36.9,36.8,34.5,33.8,30.7,30.5,29.1,27.0,25.3,24.9,24.2,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C33H48NO6S+]586.3202,found 586.3201。
实施例17
1-(6-羧基己基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e17)
白色固体,产率:37%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ11.96(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),8.83(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),7.99(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),6.08(dt,J=11.5,7.2Hz,1H),5.57(t,J=6.4Hz,1H),5.07–4.96(m,2H),4.60–4.55(m,1H),4.44(dd,J=12.9,5.5Hz,2H),4.41–4.34(m,2H),3.41(dd,J=13.1,7.1Hz,1H),2.41(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),2.19(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.12–2.06(m,1H),2.06–2.00(m,1H),1.89–1.81(m,2H),1.69–1.59(m,2H),1.49(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),1.35(d,J=12.3Hz,1H),1.34–1.32(m,2H),1.31(d,J=12.7Hz,2H),1.28(d,J=13.1Hz,2H),1.25(s,2H),1.23(s,3H),1.22(s,2H),1.05(d,J=4.7Hz,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.82(t,J=5.7Hz,3H),0.61(t,J=5.7Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO)δ217.5,174.9,166.6,161.1,143.0,141.4,123.7,115.7,73.0,71.4,59.9,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,34.1,33.7,30.5,29.1,29.0,28.8,27.0,25.8,24.9,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C34H50NO6S+]600.3359,found600.3356。
实施例18
1-(7-羧基庚基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e18)
白色固体,产率:45%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.98(s,1H),8.84(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),6.09(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.57(s,1H),5.01(d,J=13.8Hz,2H),4.58(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.45(s,2H),4.38(d,J=2.8Hz,2H),3.42(s,1H),3.17(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),2.41(s,1H),2.19(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),2.10(s,1H),2.06(d,J=30.2Hz,2H),1.85(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.64(d,J=9.3Hz,2H),1.48(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.34(s,1H),1.33(s,3H),1.31(d,J=9.1Hz,2H),1.27(d,J=13.2Hz,4H),1.24–1.19(m,3H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,174.9,166.6,161.1,143.0,141.3,123.6,115.7,73.0,71.4,59.8,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,36.9,36.8,34.5,34.0,33.7,30.9,30.5,29.2,28.8,28.5,27.0,25.7,24.9,24.8,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C35H52NO6S+]614.3515,found614.3512。
实施例19
1-(9-羧基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e19)
白色固体,产率:72%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.97(s,1H),8.82(s,2H),7.99(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),6.09(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.57(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.05–4.98(m,2H),4.58(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.44(s,2H),4.38(s,2H),3.42(s,1H),2.41(s,1H),2.18(s,3H),2.12–2.02(m,3H),1.85(s,2H),1.64(d,J=11.5Hz,2H),1.48(s,3H),1.38(td,J=13.7,3.6Hz,1H),1.34(s,1H),1.33(s,3H),1.30(s,1H),1.28(s,1H),1.25(s,4H),1.24(s,5H),1.21(d,J=11.2Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(s,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.53,174.95,166.63,161.12,142.99,141.34,123.64,115.68,72.95,71.41,59.85,57.62,55.39,45.40,44.60,44.01,42.02,40.53,36.95,36.76,34.45,34.12,33.72,30.91,30.52,29.15,29.08,28.96,28.79,27.00,25.78,24.92,16.66,14.93,12.01.13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ216.6,165.7,162.3,142.1,138.9,123.1,117.5,88.8,74.5,71.6,69.5,58.0,50.7,45.4,45.0,44.0,41.9,36.6,36.0,34.5,34.4,30.4,26.8,26.6,24.8,17.1,14.9,11.5,3.9.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C37H56NO6S+]642.3828,found 642.3825。
实施例20
1-(10-羧基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e20)
白色固体,产率:24%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.96(s,1H),8.83(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.03(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.99(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),4.58(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.44(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=2.6Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.41(s,1H),2.18(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),2.12–2.01(m,3H),1.85(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.68–1.59(m,2H),1.51–1.45(m,3H),1.37(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),1.34(d,J=7.9Hz,3H),1.31(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),1.28(s,2H),1.26(s,2H),1.24(s,8H),1.21(s,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,175.0,166.6,161.1,143.0,141.4,123.6,115.7,73.0,71.4,59.9,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,40.4,37.0,36.8,34.5,34.1,33.7,30.9,30.5,29.2,29.2,29.0,28.8,27.0,25.8,25.0,24.9,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C38H58NO6S+]656.3985,found 656.3988。
实施例21
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-(2-羟基乙基)吡啶-1-鎓(e21)
白色固体,产率:38%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.72(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.98(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),6.10(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.22(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=17.8Hz,1H),5.00(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.50(s,2H),4.38(d,J=10.2Hz,2H),3.81(d,J=5.0Hz,2H),3.42(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),2.13–2.02(m,3H),1.68–1.60(m,2H),1.53–1.48(m,1H),1.36(d,J=8.2Hz,3H),1.34(s,1H),1.30(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),1.27(s,1H),1.24(s,1H),1.07(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.63(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.5,166.6,161.2,143.4,141.3,123.2,115.8,723.0,71.5,62.2,60.4,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.8,30.6,29.1,27.0,24.9,16.7,15.0,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C29H42NO5S+]516.2784,found 516.2787。
实施例22
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-(3-羟基丙基)吡啶-1-鎓(e22)
白色固体,产率:59%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.80(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.98(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.09(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.04(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),5.00(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.74(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.57(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.52(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.38(d,J=4.7Hz,2H),3.43(d,J=5.2Hz,3H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),2.06(dd,J=38.2,8.3Hz,5H),1.63(d,J=22.0Hz,2H),1.50(s,1H),1.37(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),1.34(s,3H),1.32(s,1H),1.28(d,J=12.6Hz,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6
217.5,166.6,161.1,143.2,141.3,123.5,115.7,73.0,71.4,57.8,57.6,55.4,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.8,33.6,30.6,29.1,27.0,24.9,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C30H44NO5S+]530.2940,found 530.2945。
实施例23
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-(甲氧基甲基)吡啶-1-鎓(e23)
白色固体,产率:89%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.90–8.84(m,2H),8.08–8.02(m,2H),6.10(dd,J=17.8,11.2Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.08–4.99(m,2H),4.42(d,J=3.2Hz,2H),3.52(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),3.44–3.42(m,1H),2.43(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),2.19(dd,J=18.4,9.7Hz,1H),2.13–2.07(m,2H),2.05–2.02(m,1H),1.68–1.60(m,2H),1.52–1.48(m,1H),1.36(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),1.34(s,3H),1.30(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),1.28–1.25(m,2H),1.24(s,2H),1.01(d,J=4.2Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.63(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.6,166.8,163.8,142.1,141.4,123.4,115.9,89.1,72.9,71.5,57.7,57.6,45.8,44.6,44.1,42.4,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.9,30.3,29.1,26.7,24.8,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C29H42NO5S+]516.2784,found
516.2781。
实施例24
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-((四氢呋喃-2-基)甲基)吡啶-1-鎓(e24)
白色固体,产率:92%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.73(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.98(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),6.09(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.02(d,J=13.2Hz,2H),4.62(s,1H),4.57(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.38(s,2H),4.20(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),3.80(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.67(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),2.42(s,1H),2.18(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),2.09(d,J=10.5Hz,2H),2.04(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.85(d,J=2.9Hz,2H),1.65(s,1H),1.61(s,2H),1.50(s,1H),1.36(s,2H),1.34(s,3H),1.30(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),1.26(s,2H),1.24(s,2H),1.06(s,3H),1.01(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),0.82(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.62(d,J=5.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6)δ217.6,166.6,161.4,143.5,141.4,123.2,115.7,77.4,73.0,72.0,68.1,62.7,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,40.5,37.0,36.8,34.5,33.8,30.5,29.1,27.0,25.9,24.9,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C32H46NO5S+]556.3097,found556.3094。
实施例25
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-(4-甲基苄基)吡啶-1-鎓(e25)
白色固体,产率:43%。1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.02(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.12(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.26(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),5.92(s,2H),5.68(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),5.05(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.84(d,J=28.9Hz,2H),3.29(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.27(s,3H),2.21(s,1H),2.19(s,1H),2.12(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.10(s,2H),2.03(s,1H),2.02(s,1H),1.69(d,J=14.6Hz,1H),1.59(d,J=13.7Hz,2H),1.41(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),1.37(s,1H),1.34(s,3H),1.30–1.27(m,1H),1.24(d,J=29.3Hz,1H),1.16(d,J=32.4Hz,1H),1.07(s,3H),1.05(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),0.80(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,Chloroform-d)δ216.7,165.7,161.4,142.7,140.1,138.8,130.4,123.0,129.5,123.1,117.4,74.5,71.5,63.1,58.0,45.4,45.0,44.0,41.8,36.6,36.0,34.5,34.4,30.9,30.3,26.5,24.8,21.3,17.5,14.8,11.5.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C35H46NO4S+]576.3247,found 576.3249。
实施例26
1-{[4-(2-氰基苯基)苯基]甲基}-4-[(2-{[(1S,2R,3S,4S,6R,7R,8R,14R)-3-羟基-2,4,7,14-四甲基-9-氧亚基-4-乙烯基三环[5.4.3.01,8]十四烷-6-基]氧基}-2-氧亚基乙基)硫基]吡啶-1-正离子(e26)
白色固体,产率:65%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.02(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),8.05(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.97(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),7.81(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=7.6Hz,3H),7.62(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),6.08(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.56(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.02(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.96(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),3.40(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),2.38(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),2.16(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),2.10–2.01(m,3H),1.64(s,2H),1.47(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),1.37(s,1H),1.33(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),1.30(s,1H),1.29(s,3H),1.25(s,1H),1.24(s,2H),0.99(s,1H),0.81(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.59(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6
217.5,166.6,162.1,144.1,143.1,141.3,139.1,135.6,134.4,134.1,130.6,130.0,129.2,129.1,124.1,118.9,115.7,110.6,73.0,71.5,62.0,57.6,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,36.9,36.7,34.4,33.8,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,16.7,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C41H47N2O4S+]663.3265,found 663.3262。
实施例27
4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)-1-(4-甲氧基苄基)吡啶-1-鎓(e27)
白色固体,产率:53%。1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.96(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.99(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.51(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.98(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.06(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),5.63(s,2H),5.54(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.97(d,J=21.7Hz,2H),4.60(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.36(d,J=3.3Hz,2H),3.75(s,3H),3.39(s,1H),2.35(s,1H),2.19(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.09(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),2.01(d,J=5.6Hz,2H),1.63(d,J=4.2Hz,2H),1.47(s,1H),1.35(d,J=16.5Hz,1H),1.29(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),1.26(s,3H),1.24(s,2H),1.03(s,3H),1.00(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),0.81(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.57(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,DMSO-d6
217.9,166.6,161.6,160.4,142.7,141.3,130.8,127.1,124.0,115.7,115.0,73.4,71.4,62.0,57.6,55.7,45.4,44.6,44.0,42.0,36.9,36.7,34.4,33.8,30.5,29.1,27.0,24.9,16.6,14.9,12.0.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C35H46NO5S+]592.3097,found592.3094。
实施例28
1-(4-(叔丁氧羰基)苄基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-3-氧代-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e28)
白色固体,产率:43%。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.18(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),7.90(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.64(s,2H),7.62(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.26(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),6.18(s,2H),5.68(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.83(d,J=23.7Hz,2H),3.29(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.18(d,J=9.8Hz,2H),2.12(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.02(t,J=8.1Hz,2H),1.68(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),1.59(s,1H),1.50(s,9H),1.39(t,J=12.1Hz,2H),1.34(s,3H),1.28(d,J=16.2Hz,2H),1.22–1.16(m,2H),1.06(d,J=11.0Hz,3H),1.05–0.99(m,1H),0.80(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ216.6,165.5,164.8,161.8,143.0,138.5,137.0,133.4,130.6,129.3,123.1,117.4,81.7,74.4,71.6,62.3,58.0,45.4,45.0,44.0,41.8,36.6,36.4,36.0,34.4,30.3,28.1,26.8,26.6,24.8,17.0,14.8,11.5.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C39H52NO6S+]662.3515,found662.3518。
实施例29
1-(3-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)苄基)-4-((2-(((3aR,4R,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12R)-8-羟基-4,7,9,12-四甲基-7-乙烯基十氢-4,9a-丙烷环戊二烯-5-基)氧基)-2-氧代乙基)硫)吡啶-1-鎓(e29)
白色固体,产率:71%。1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.18(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),7.90(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.64(s,2H),7.62(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.26(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),6.18(s,2H),5.68(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.16(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),5.06(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),3.83(d,J=23.7Hz,2H),3.29(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.18(d,J=9.8Hz,2H),2.12(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.04–2.00(m,2H),1.68(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),1.62–1.56(m,2H),1.50(s,10H),1.43–1.36(m,2H),1.34(s,3H),1.28(d,J=16.2Hz,2H),1.22–1.16(m,2H),1.07(s,3H),1.05–0.99(m,1H),0.80(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.61(d,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(150MHz,Chloroform-d)δ216.6,165.5,164.8,161.8,143.0,138.5,137.0,133.4,130.6,129.3,123.1,117.4,81.7,74.4,71.6,62.3,58.0,45.4,45.0,44.0,41.8,36.6,36.4,36.0,34.4,30.3,28.1,26.8,26.6,24.8,17.0,14.8,11.5.HRMS(ES)calcd[M]+for[C39H53N2O6S+]677.3624,found677.3626。
一、截短侧耳素衍生物的抑菌活性研究
1.1最小抑菌浓度测定
实验方法:将-80℃保存的菌种,室温下溶解,在LB琼脂板上划线,培养16小时,挑取单菌落接种于MHB液体培养基中,培养16小时,将菌液划线于LB琼脂板上,培养16小时,再次挑取单菌落接种于MHB肉汤中,将所用菌液稀释至OD600=0.5,保存备用。
准确称取化合物12.8mg和泰妙菌素,分别溶解于1mLDMSO溶液中,加入9mL无菌水,混匀后取1mL药液向其中加入9mL无菌水,药液最终浓度为128μg/mL(1%DMSO),保存备用。
本试验选取化合物e1-e29为研究对象,根据美国临床实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)的规定,以泰妙菌素为对照药物,测定了对革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、MRSA、肺炎链球菌、MRSE、枯草芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌)和革兰氏阴性菌(肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠感菌、变形杆菌)的最小抑菌浓度。在无菌96孔板中第1-12列全部加入100μL MHB肉汤,在第1列中加入100μL配好的药液(128μg/mL),用排枪吹打混匀,第一列每孔取100μL加入到第二列,用排枪吹打混匀,从第二列每孔取100μL加入至第三列,吹打混匀,重复操作至第12列,将第12列每孔取出100μL液体弃去,每个化合物做两组平行对照,96孔板中第一列至第12列药液浓度分别为64μg/mL、32μg/mL、16μg/mL、8μg/mL、4μg/mL、2μg/mL、1μg/mL、0.5μg/mL、0.25μg/mL、0.125μg/mL、0.0625μg/mL、0.03125μg/mL,将96孔板放置在37℃培养箱中培养16小时,确定小孔内完全抑制细菌生长的最低药物浓度。
表1化合物e1-29的抗菌活性(最小抑制浓度,MIC,μg/mL)
Figure BDA0004115311750000251
Figure BDA0004115311750000261
1.2抗菌活性和构效关系分析
如上表1,通过测试这些化合物对几种标准细菌菌株的抗菌活性。它们对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、MRSA和MRSE普遍表现出中等的抗菌活性。除e17外,具有羧酸结构的化合物(e14-e20)显示出较差的抗菌活性,这可能是由于羧酸的阴离子与吡啶阳离子结构形成盐桥,阻止它们与目标部位结合。
化合物e4、e11、e12和e27对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、MRSA和MRSE表现出比泰妙菌素更高的抗菌活性。将疏水结构引入胸腺肽的侧链显示出由弱到中等的抗菌活性(最小抑制浓度,MICs=0.0625-8μg/mL)。化合物e4在低浓度下对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923、MRSA ATCC 43300、MRSE ATCC 51625、肺炎链球菌ATCC 49619和肺炎克雷伯菌CMCC(B)46117表现出极好的抑制活性,比泰妙菌素低2-16倍。
化合物e4在低浓度(0.0625μg/mL)下对MRSA和MRSE表现出极好的抑制作用,分别比泰妙菌素低8倍和4倍。化合物e4对枯草芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的抗菌活性明显高于泰妙菌素。
上述结果表明,适当的脂溶性和较小的脂水分配系数更有利于提高截短侧耳素衍生物抗菌活性,这可能与它们能更好地与生物目标结合有关。
1.3对抗生素耐药菌的抗菌活性
本发明探讨了e4对多药耐药菌的抗菌活性。药敏纸片试验显示化合物e4对多数耐药菌株都具有活性,包括能表达截短侧耳素类药物耐药基因erm、cfr和lsaA的菌株(表2)。化合物e4克服了金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌表达的erm基因介导的耐药性,其最小抑菌浓度比泰妙菌素低16-64倍(表2)。同样,化合物e4克服了由norR、norA和MgrA基因组合介导的对亲水性喹诺酮类药物(如诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、氧氟沙星和环丙沙星)的耐药性,化合物e4与其它截短侧耳素衍生物不同,其对耐药的革兰氏阴性菌、大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌显示出抗菌活性,最小抑菌浓度为2-16μg/mL。
表2化合物e4的体外抗菌活性
Figure BDA0004115311750000271
1.4时间杀菌曲线研究
为研究化合物e4在体外的抗菌活性,进行了时间-杀菌曲线试验。试验使用了临床分离的携带多种耐药基因和表型的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株(S.aureus-sa1:一种临床分离的耐药金黄色葡萄球菌,对红霉素、氯霉素、氨苄青霉素、链霉素、泰妙菌素和多西环素显示出强烈的耐药性)和MRSA。两株细菌分别接种在MHB肉汤中,37℃下培养16小时,然后用MHB肉汤分别稀释到106CFUs/mL,加入不同浓度的化合物e4,使e4最终的浓度为0.5×、1×、3×和6×MIC。在不同的时间点对培养基进行采样,用10倍稀释法对样品进行稀释。稀释后的样品均匀涂抹在MHA平板上,每组试验重复三次,将平板放置在37℃培养箱中培养16小时,对菌落数量进行计数。
如图1所示,显示了e4对MRSA(ATCC 43300)和多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的试验结果。6×MIC的e4在8小时内将MRSA和多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌数量降低到2-3log10CFU/mL。6×MIC的化合物e4处理MRSA,MRSA的数量在8小时内减少到2log10CFU/mL,但3×MIC化合物e4处理组的细菌数量减少2-3log10CFU/mL。对于多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌,化合物e4在1×MIC时表现出明显的抑制作用,e4在0.5×MIC浓度下,8小时内细菌数量明显减少100倍。然而,泰妙菌素组只在6×MIC浓度下杀死细菌(MIC=128μg/mL),化合物e4和泰妙菌素之间的浓度差异只有96倍(化合物e4的MIC为8μg/mL)。这一结果表明,e4对多药耐药菌有更强的抑制作用,快速的杀菌作用将降低细菌对抗生素产生耐药性的概率,缩短治疗时间,增加了化合物e4的临床潜力。
1.5诱导耐药研究
为了评估e4的自发耐药性,用泰妙菌素作为阳性对照进行了诱导耐药性试验。
根据图2试验结果,化合物e4在24天内对MRSA的MIC值增加了8倍,而泰妙菌素的MIC值增加了64倍,肺炎克雷伯菌也观察到类似的结果。根据试验结果,分离的耐药MRSA菌株没有交叉耐药性(表3),耐药的MRSA对e4表现出敏感性,MIC为0.5μg/mL。化合物e4耐药的MRSA在普通肉汤培养基中连续传代,e4的MIC恢复到0.5μg/mL。结果表明,e4几乎不会产生耐药性。
表3化合物e4和泰妙菌素对耐药菌的交叉抗菌活性测试(MIC,μg/mL)
Figure BDA0004115311750000281
Figure BDA0004115311750000291
a对化合物e4耐药的MRSA。b对泰妙菌素耐药的MRSA。
1.6抗生素后效应(PAE)和抗生素后亚MIC效应(PA-SME)研究
抗菌后效应(PAE)和抗生素后亚MIC效应(PA-SME)是评价抗菌药物的重要指标。
对化合物e4的研究,本试验采用的菌株为MRSA。
PAE试验方法:设置三个组分别为0×、2×和4×MIC。将MRSA接种至MHB肉汤中,过夜培养16小时,取三份培养后的肉汤分别稀释至~109CFU/mL,分别向肉汤中加入化合物e4,e4最终浓度分别为0×、2×和4×MIC,37℃摇床培养1h。从各组中分别取出1mL肉汤,加入至9mL无菌肉汤中进行10倍稀释,重复稀释三次,此步骤为重置体系,计此时为0小时,分别在0h、1h、2h、3h、4h、5h、6h、7h、8h从各组取菌液稀释、涂在MHA琼脂板上,置于37℃培养箱中培养16h,计数。每次取样涂板重复三次。
PA-SME试验方法:重置体系之前设置两个实验组2×MIC和4×MIC。将MRSA接种至MHB肉汤中,过夜培养16小时,取三份培养后的肉汤分别稀释至~109CFU/mL,分别向肉汤中加入化合物e4,e4最终浓度分别为2×和4×MIC,37℃摇床培养1h。从各组中分别取出1mL肉汤,加入至9mL无菌肉汤混匀进行10倍稀释,重复稀释三次,每组分别配置两管,向配置好的肉汤中加入化合物e4,使肉汤中化合物e4的浓度分别为0.25×MIC和0.5×MIC,此步骤为重置体系,重置体系后为四组,计此时为0h。分别在0h、1h、2h、3h、4h、5h、6h、7h、8h、9h、10h从各组取菌液稀释、涂在MHA琼脂板上,置于37℃培养箱中培养16h,计数。每次取样涂板重复三次。
如图3所示,2×MIC和4×MIC浓度e4处理的MRSA的PAE分别为2.308小时和2.535小时,这一结果表明,化合物e4具有更好的抗生素后效应,4×MIC和2×MIC之间的PAE差异较小,表明化合物e4具有类似的快速流出率。4×MIC和2×MIC的PA-SME分别为2.753小时和2.622小时,这也意味着使用0.5×MIC浓度的e4处理过的MRSA,再次使用2×MIC处理时,抑菌时间延长到约2.7小时。
1.7抗生素对细菌迁徙能力影响的研究
本发明用游泳运动实验研究e4对细菌活力的影响:配制含有不同浓度化合物e4的琼脂板(1%胰蛋白酶、0.5%氯化钠和0.3%琼脂),选取大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、MRSA、MRSE、野生葡萄球菌、变形杆菌进行试验,将上述菌株分别接种至MHB肉汤中培养16小时,用MHB稀释各菌液至OD600=0.5,取菌液1μL分别加入到不同浓度e4琼脂板中心,琼脂板放置在37℃培养箱中培养48小时,用游标卡尺测量菌落的直径。
如图4,与阴性对照相比,1×MIC浓度的化合物e4明显抑制了细菌的迁徙能力。在2-4×MIC浓度下,与不使用抗生素的对照组相比,所有测试的分离物的游泳和蜂拥都明显减少。
1.8小鼠全身感染模型及体内疗效
鉴于e4对多药耐药菌具有良好的体外抗菌活性,我们在BABL/C小鼠腹腔感染模型中使用多重耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌-sa1测试其体内活性。
试验采用体重在18-22g的SPF级别的昆明小鼠进行化合物e4的体内药物活性测试,选取菌株为多药耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌,选取泰妙菌素作为对照药物。
将化合物e4溶解于5%DMSO、30%PEG300和无菌PBS缓冲液中,保存备用。将多药耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌接种至MHB肉汤中37℃培养16小时,5000转离心10min,收集沉淀物并用无菌PBS缓冲液重新溶解,用琼脂板计数法对细菌数目进行确定。小鼠正常喂养一周后进行分组,药物e4和泰妙菌素分别设置0mg/kg、2.5mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg、20mg/kg、40mg/kg共10组,每组6只小鼠,雌雄各半。试验第一天给药150mg/kg环磷酰胺,正常喂养四天后给药100mg/kg环磷酰胺,同时晚上断粮,根据预实验结果,本实验使用了109CFU/mL细菌量接种至小鼠腹腔,注射细菌1h后,按各组给药量对小鼠进行腹腔注射给药治疗,0mg/kg组给予生理盐水,继续喂养小鼠,连续观察七天,统计小鼠的死亡时间以及死亡数量,并用统计学分析计算小鼠的ED50值。
如图5所示,10mg/kg的化合物e4显示出明显的保护作用(66%),而40mg/kg的泰妙菌素的保护作用较弱,对金黄色葡萄球菌-sa1的生存率为50%。e4和泰妙菌素的处理显示出剂量依赖性的保护作用,并使小鼠的存活率不同,ED50分别为5.68和47.48mg/kg。这一结果表明,化合物e4在体内的抑制作用优于替米林,表明化合物e4可以成为一种有效的抗菌剂。
为了进一步评估e4的体内疗效,用e4和泰妙菌素治疗2天后,对感染小鼠的肺部和肝脏的细菌量进行了检查(图5中C和D)。e4的40和20毫克/千克时,肺部的多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌负荷分别减少了4.17和3.29log 10CFU/mL,而40和20毫克/千克的替米林导致细菌负荷分别减少了1.94和1.35log10 CFU/mL。
由于金黄色葡萄球菌是肺内感染的重要病原体。我们进一步评估了化合物e4对MRSA引起的肺组织损伤的缓解作用,如图6所示。与40mg/kg的e4组相比,用40mg/kg泰妙菌素治疗的小鼠的肺组织显示出明显的肺泡间隔增厚和轻微的中性粒细胞浸润。相反,20mg/kg泰妙菌素处理的小鼠的肺部组织学显示肺泡间隔增厚,肺毛细血管充血,有淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸润。
二、截短侧耳素衍生物的抗菌机制研究
2.1GFP蛋白的抑制试验
将表达GFP的金黄色葡萄球菌培养到对数期中期,并通过离心机收集。随后通过离心收集细胞,用PBS缓冲液重新悬浮。将金黄色葡萄球菌悬液和e4(1×MIC,4×MIC)在37℃下培养1小时。随后通过离心法收集细胞。PBS缓冲液重新悬浮后,用荧光显微镜进行成像。
扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像(图7中A-E)显示,在浓度为1×MIC的化合物e4主要诱导细菌破碎,而在浓度为4×MIC时,e4抑制细菌生长,诱导细菌细胞膜穿孔,并抑制细菌分裂。相比之下,阳性对照药物泰妙菌素在两种浓度下都主要抑制了细菌的分裂。
我们用表达GFP的金黄色葡萄球菌验证了e4对蛋白质的抑制作用。与对照组相比,e4有效地抑制了GFP的表达,从而降低了绿色荧光强度(图7中F-J)。通过细菌计数,我们还发现用1×MIC和4×MIC的化合物e4处理1小时后,细菌的数量明显减少。这一结果表明,e4可以有效地干扰细菌蛋白的表达。
基于SEM的结果,o-硝基苯基-β-D-半乳糖苷(ONPG)被用来评估细胞膜的完整性。正常情况下,ONPG不能通过细胞膜进入细菌体内。当细胞膜被穿透时,ONPG进入细菌并与β-半乳糖苷酶相互作用,产生邻硝基苯酚。如图6中K所示,e4诱导细菌细胞壁穿孔,进而产生大量的邻硝基苯酚(邻硝基苯酚的最大吸收峰为415nm)。该结果表明,细菌穿孔与化合物e4的浓度相关。
2.2DAPI/PI荧光染色研究
使用4’,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)和碘化丙啶(PI)荧光染料染色来检测对细胞膜的抗菌效果:将MHB中的金黄色葡萄球菌用PBS缓冲液清洗,然后用PBS缓冲液稀释至1×108CFU/mL。金黄色葡萄球菌悬浮液和e4(1×、3×和6×MIC)在37℃下培养。2小时后将DAPI和PI(终浓度为10μg/mL和20μg/mL)加入细菌悬液中。然后将细菌悬液在黑暗中孵育50分钟。随后通过离心机收集细胞,并用PBS缓冲液清洗两次。用PBS缓冲液重新悬浮后,用荧光显微镜进行成像。
该研究进一步确认了化合物e4破坏细菌细胞膜的能力。DAPI是一种具有蓝色荧光的DNA特异性探针。PI只在受损的细胞膜上产生强烈的红色荧光,它可以被用于膜的完整性。如图8所示,用不同浓度的化合物e4处理金黄色葡萄球菌。与泰妙菌素处理组的细菌相比,e4处理组表现出中等强度的红色荧光,表明e4破坏了细菌的细胞膜。这一结果进一步表明,高浓度的e4不仅能抑制细菌蛋白质的合成,还能破坏细菌的细胞膜。
三、截短侧耳素衍生物的安全性评估
3.1细胞毒性和溶血毒性分析
细胞毒性试验:
本实验使用了具有完整生长活力的HEK293T和HEPG2细胞,使用细胞计数板对细胞进行计数,设置7.5μg/mL、15μg/mL、30μg/mL、60μg/mL、120μg/mL、250μg/mL、500μg/mL、1000μg/mL剂量组,将约105个密度的细胞接种到96孔板中,在37℃下培养24小时,去除培养基,然后加入培养基100μL,加入化合物e4 10μL,使各组e4的浓度达到剂量浓度,孵育6小时,然后加入10μLCCK-8工作液。在37℃孵育4小时后,用酶标仪在450nm处检测培养基。
溶血毒性试验:
兔红细胞在2000rpm下离心5分钟,用PBS洗三次。将不同浓度的化合物e4加入在PBS中复溶的兔红细胞中。1% Triton X-100溶液和PBS分别作为阳性和阴性对照。将样品置于37℃,培养5分钟,再次离心(2000rpm,5分钟)。取上清液,用酶标仪在450nm处测量吸光度。
使用人类肝细胞癌(HEPG2)和人类胚胎肾(HEK293)细胞进行了细胞毒性试验。CCK-8试验显示在浓度达到60μg/mL时,化合物e4没有细胞毒性的迹象(图9中A和B)。化合物e4和泰妙菌素对两种细胞类型的毒性相似。
由于吡啶阳离子化合物可以溶血,我们探讨了e4对红细胞的溶血作用。化合物e4在200μg/mL时显示溶血率低于14%,其MIC值仅为0.063μg/mL(图9中C)。测试了MRSA与不同浓度的e4共同培养后在兔红细胞上的溶血情况。结果显示在图9中D,0.25×、0.5×和1×MIC组的上清液血红蛋白水平低于对照组的水平。化合物e4以浓度依赖的方式抑制MRSA产生α-溶血素。与对照组相比,0.25×、0.5×和1×MIC组的吸光度分别降低25%、34%和93%。
3.2小鼠口服急性毒性试验
为研究e4在体内的安全性,我们用BABL/C小鼠进行了口服毒性试验。
试验采用60只体重在18-22g的SPF级昆明小鼠,小鼠饲养在12小时光照和12小时黑暗周期的环境中,给予充足的食物和干净的饮用水,将60只小鼠随机分为六组,每组小鼠分别给以1000mg/kg、750mg/kg、500mg/kg、250mg/kg、125mg/kg和0mg/kg剂量的化合物e4,观察并记录小鼠的死亡情况,持续14天。
结果显示,用631mg/kg处理的小鼠在14天内的存活率超过80%(图9中E)。由Bliss测定的LD50值为879mg/kg。体内和体外的毒性试验表明,e4的毒性很低。
综上,本发明筛选出了一系列活性良好的截短侧耳素衍生物,合成了带有吡啶阳离子的新型截短侧耳素衍生物。大多数化合物在体外对革兰氏阳性球菌(肺炎杆菌、MRSA、MRSE、金黄色葡萄球菌和耐药菌)、大肠杆菌MG1655和大肠杆菌MG1655ΔacrB普遍表现出良好的抗菌活性。化合物e4是对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌,特别是金黄色葡萄球菌和多药耐药金黄色葡萄球菌最有效的药物。通过测试细菌对化合物e4的耐药性,连续诱导后没有发现明显的耐药性。此外,e4对各种耐药菌具有明显的抗菌活性。
GFP蛋白抑制试验结果表明,e4与PTC的结合模式与来法莫林相似,说明e4可以抑制细菌蛋白质的合成。扫描电镜、o-硝基苯基-β-半乳糖苷试验和PI显示,化合物e4可以破坏细菌的细胞壁。这些实验表明,e4通过以上两种不同的作用机制杀灭细菌。
小鼠全身感染模型显示,对多药耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的ED50为5.68mg/kg,同时体内和体外的毒性试验显示,e4的毒性很低,截短侧耳素衍生物e4可作为进一步优化和发现新抗生素的先导化合物。
上述具体实施方式不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制,对于本技术领域的技术人员来说,对本发明实施方式所做出的任何替代改进或变换均落在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明未详述之处,均为本技术领域技术人员的公知技术。

Claims (8)

1.一种具有以下结构通式(I)的截短侧耳素衍生物:
Figure FDA0004115311740000011
其中,R选自以下烷基链、脂肪酸、醇、醚、芳香环基团中的一种:
Figure FDA0004115311740000012
X为I或Br。
2.根据权利要求1所述的截短侧耳素衍生物,其特征在于,R选自以下基团中的一种:
Figure FDA0004115311740000013
3.根据权利要求1所述的截短侧耳素衍生物,其特征在于,R为
Figure FDA0004115311740000021
X为I。
4.一种合成如权利要求1-3任一所述的截短侧耳素衍生物的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)截短侧耳素衍生物中间体的合成
S1、中间体化合物b的合成
称取截短侧耳素加入到甲基叔丁基醚中,边搅拌边加入4-甲苯磺酰氯,将NaOH溶液加入到上述溶液中,得混合物;上述混合物在60℃搅拌1小时后迅速冷却至0℃,得白色悬浊液;分别用甲基叔丁基醚和水洗涤,干燥后得到白色固体;
S2、中间体化合物c的合成:
将4-巯基吡啶加到甲醇溶液中,加入NaOH至上述溶液,在室温条件下搅拌后;加入溶有化合物b的二氯甲烷溶液,在室温下搅拌24小时;调节溶液pH至6,减压浓缩,加入乙酸乙酯重新溶解,加入饱和氯化钠洗涤萃取混合物,用无水硫酸钠干燥;浓缩有机相,柱色谱法提纯;
Figure FDA0004115311740000022
(2)截短侧耳素衍生物e1-e29的合成
将1mmol化合物c和1mmol连接基团R-X在10mL乙腈溶液中搅拌回流,反应完成后,减压浓缩,加入10mL乙酸乙酯重新溶解,加入饱和氯化钠洗涤萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥;浓缩的粗产品采用柱色谱法提纯,即得;
Figure FDA0004115311740000031
5.根据权利要求4所述的合成截短侧耳素衍生物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中混合物的制备操作为:准确称取7.57g的截短侧耳素,加入到25mL甲基叔丁基醚中,边搅拌边加入4.2g的4-甲苯磺酰氯,将5mL、10M的NaOH溶液加入到上述溶液中,得混合物。
6.根据权利要求4所述的合成截短侧耳素衍生物的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中4-巯基吡啶用量111mg,甲醇溶液用量1mL;NaOH用量40mg;化合物b用量585mg;二氯甲烷溶液用量3mL。
7.如权利要求1-3任一所述的截短侧耳素衍生物在制备抗菌剂药物中的应用。
8.如权利要求1-3任一所述的截短侧耳素衍生物在制备预防、和/或治疗多药耐药细菌感染疾病的药物中的应用。
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