CN116043043A - Quadruple smelting process of high-temperature alloy - Google Patents
Quadruple smelting process of high-temperature alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000519995 Stachys sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/20—Arc remelting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quadruple smelting process of a high-temperature alloy, which adopts Vacuum Induction (VIM) +electroslag remelting (ESR) +first vacuum consumable remelting (VAR) +second remelting (VAR) quadruple smelting process to smelt, so as to prepare the high-temperature alloy with high purity; the invention effectively reduces the gas and the impurities in the consumable ingot through the first vacuum consumable remelting, further reduces the purity of the consumable ingot through the second vacuum consumable remelting, further improves the stability of the consumable smelting process, eliminates the voltage and vacuum fluctuation in the second vacuum consumable remelting smelting process, avoids the phenomenon of arcing in the consumable process, can effectively reduce the risk of metallurgical defects, and can meet the severe quality requirements of aviation industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-temperature alloy preparation, in particular to a four-way smelting process of a high-temperature alloy.
Background
GH4169 alloy is the most widely used superalloy at present, but the main strengthening phase gamma' of the alloy exceeding 650 ℃ rapidly overages, and therefore the long-term use temperature is limited to below 650 ℃. The GH4169G alloy is a novel high-temperature alloy improved by adopting a P, B microalloy strengthening method on the basis of the GH4169 alloy, the high-temperature durability and creep property of the GH4169 alloy can be effectively improved by improving the P, B content, and the long-term use temperature is increased to 680 ℃.
At present, a triple smelting process, namely Vacuum Induction (VIM) +electroslag remelting (ESR) +vacuum consumable remelting (VAR), is commonly adopted for high-temperature alloys at home and abroad, however, the requirements on the stability of parameters of the vacuum induction and the electroslag remelting process and the production control are extremely high in the smelting process, the quality of electroslag ingots is low if the production links are not performed in place, the voltage and the vacuum degree fluctuation in the final consumable smelting process are extremely easy to be large, the edge arcing phenomenon occurs in the consumable process, the consumable ingot crown or shelf and the like are caused to fall down, the liquid level fluctuates, the metallurgical defects of serious segregation, slag inclusion, white spots and the like of cast ingots are caused, and cast ingots are scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quadruple smelting process of a high-temperature alloy, which adopts Vacuum Induction (VIM) +electroslag remelting (ESR) +vacuum consumable remelting (VAR) quadruple smelting process to smelt, so as to prepare the high-purity high-temperature alloy, further improve the stability of the consumable smelting process, reduce the occurrence rate of metallurgical defects and meet the severe quality requirements of aviation industry.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a quadruple smelting process of a high-temperature alloy, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Batching according to the composition of GH4169 or GH4169G superalloy;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting, namely adding main material components of Ni, mo and Fe in a melting period, adding C, vacuumizing for smelting, refining after the main material components are melted, adding alloy elements Cr, al, ti, nb, P, B in batches, melting and refining, analyzing molten steel components, and tapping and casting to obtain a vacuum induction electrode after the element components in the molten steel meet target requirements;
(3) Electroslag remelting is carried out, the vacuum induction electrode is subjected to finishing treatment, then argon protection is adopted for electroslag remelting, and then the electroslag ingot is air-cooled after demoulding;
(4) Grinding the surface of the electroslag ingot to the natural color of metal, and then carrying out the primary vacuum consumable smelting to obtain a consumable ingot;
(5) And performing secondary vacuum consumable smelting, forging the consumable ingot into an electrode, grinding the surface of the electrode to the natural color of metal, and performing secondary vacuum consumable smelting to obtain the high-temperature alloy.
Preferably, in the step (2), the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 3.0Pa in the vacuum induction smelting process.
Preferably, the casting temperature is 1420-1480 ℃ during the tapping process.
Preferably, in the step (3), the melting speed is set to 3.0-4.0 kg/min in the electroslag remelting process.
Preferably, in the step (4), the melting speed is set to 3.5-4.5 kg/min in the first vacuum consumable smelting process.
Preferably, in the step (5), the melting speed is set to 3.0-4.0 kg/min in the second vacuum consumable smelting process.
Preferably, in the step (5), the content of O in the superalloy prepared by the secondary vacuum consumable smelting is less than or equal to 0.0005wt% and the content of N is less than or equal to 0.0060wt%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the conventional triple smelting process, the quadruple smelting process of the high-temperature alloy effectively reduces the gas and inclusion content of the steel ingot through the first vacuum consumable remelting, and the second vacuum consumable remelting can further improve the purity of the steel ingot, the vacuum consumable process is more stable, the voltage and vacuum degree fluctuation in the consumable smelting process is eliminated, the edge arcing phenomenon in the consumable process is avoided, the metallurgical defect risk can be effectively reduced, and the strict quality requirements of the aviation industry can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a four-up smelting process for superalloys of the present invention;
in fig. 2, (a) is a first vacuum consumable part voltage and vacuum degree curve of example 1, and (b) is a second vacuum consumable part voltage and vacuum degree curve of example 1;
in fig. 3, (a) is a first vacuum consumable part voltage and vacuum degree curve of example 2, and (b) is a second vacuum consumable part voltage and vacuum degree curve of example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Referring to fig. 1, the quadruple smelting process of the high-temperature alloy provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Batching according to the composition of GH4169 or GH4169G superalloy;
the specific process is as follows: the raw materials used for batching are clean according to the components of high-temperature alloys such as GH4169 or GH4169G, wherein the main chemical components (weight percentage) of the GH4169 or GH4169G high-temperature alloys are shown in the table 1, and the balance is unavoidable impurities;
TABLE 1 main chemical composition (wt%) of GH4169 or GH4169G superalloy
(2) Vacuum induction smelting, namely adding main material components of Ni, mo and Fe in a melting period, adding C, vacuumizing for smelting, refining after the main material components are melted, adding alloy elements Cr, al, ti, nb, P, B in batches, melting and refining, analyzing molten steel components, and tapping and casting to obtain a vacuum induction electrode after the element components in the molten steel meet target requirements;
the specific process is as follows: firstly, adding main material components of Ni, mo, fe and the like in a melting period, simultaneously adding C, carrying out high-vacuum and high-power smelting, degassing by utilizing a C-O reaction, refining after the main material is melted down, and reducing the O, N content in molten steel; then adding alloy elements Cr, al, ti, nb, P, B and the like in batches, melting and refining; finally, taking molten steel for component analysis, and when the element components in the molten steel meet the target requirements, namely the element components in the molten steel meet the content requirements in table 1, tapping and casting to obtain a vacuum induction electrode; in the process, the vacuum degree is controlled to be less than or equal to 3.0Pa, and the casting temperature is controlled to be 1420-1480 ℃ in the tapping process.
(3) Electroslag remelting is carried out, the vacuum induction electrode is subjected to finishing treatment, then argon protection is adopted for electroslag remelting, and then the electroslag ingot is air-cooled after demoulding;
the specific process is as follows: firstly, finishing the vacuum induction electrode to remove surface oxide skin, then adopting argon to protect electroslag to carry out electroslag remelting, and then demoulding an electroslag ingot and then air-cooling; wherein in the electroslag remelting process, the melting speed is set to 3.0-4.0 kg/min.
(4) Grinding the surface of the electroslag ingot to the natural color of metal, and then carrying out the primary vacuum consumable smelting to obtain a consumable ingot;
the specific process is as follows: grinding the surface of the electroslag ingot to the original color of metal, not allowing the surface of the electroslag ingot to have oxide skin, other pollutants and the like, and then performing vacuum consumable smelting for the first time to obtain a consumable ingot, wherein the smelting speed is set to be 3.5-4.5 kg/min.
(5) And performing secondary vacuum consumable smelting, forging the consumable ingot into an electrode, grinding the surface of the electrode to the natural color of metal, and performing secondary vacuum consumable smelting to obtain the high-temperature alloy.
The specific process is as follows: forging a consumable ingot into an electrode matched with the consumable ingot in size, grinding the surface of the electroslag ingot to the metal natural color, not allowing oxide skin, other pollutants and the like to exist on the surface of the consumable ingot, and performing secondary vacuum consumable smelting to obtain a high-temperature alloy, wherein the smelting speed is set to be 3.0-4.0 kg/min; wherein in the high-temperature alloy prepared by the secondary vacuum consumable smelting, the O content is less than or equal to 0.0005wt% and the N content is less than or equal to 0.0060wt%.
The four-way smelting process of the superalloy of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples;
example 1
In the quadruple smelting process of the high-temperature alloy, the GH4169 high-temperature alloy is used as a target component, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) And (3) batching: the GH4169 alloy is prepared according to chemical components, the specific requirements are shown in table 1, and the materials are clean;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting: firstly, adding main material components such as Ni, mo, fe and the like in a melting period, simultaneously adding C, carrying out high-vacuum and high-power smelting, carrying out degassing by utilizing a C-O reaction, refining after the main material components are melted, and reducing the O, N content in molten steel; then adding Cr, al, ti, nb, P, B and other alloys in batches, melting and refining; finally, taking a molten steel sample for component analysis, and tapping and casting the vacuum induction electrode after the chemical components of the molten steel meet the control target requirements according to the table 1. Wherein the vacuum degree in the smelting process is controlled to be less than or equal to 3.0Pa, and the casting temperature of the vacuum induction electrode in the tapping process is controlled to be 1420-1480 ℃.
(3) Electroslag remelting smelting: and (3) finishing the vacuum induction electrode to remove surface oxide skin, adopting an argon protection electroslag furnace to carry out electroslag remelting, setting the melting speed to 3.0-4.0 Kg/min, and air-cooling after demoulding an electroslag ingot.
(4) Primary vacuum consumable smelting: grinding the surface of the electroslag ingot to the original metal color without allowing oxide skin, other pollutants and the like, and then performing vacuum consumable smelting to obtain a consumable ingot, wherein the smelting speed is set to be 3.5-4.5 Kg/min.
(5) And (3) smelting in a secondary vacuum consumable mode: forging a consumable ingot to an electrode matched with the self-size of the consumable ingot, grinding the surface of the consumable ingot to the original metal color, not allowing oxide skin, other pollutants and the like to exist, and then performing vacuum consumable smelting to obtain a high-temperature alloy, wherein the smelting speed is set to be 3.0-4.0 Kg/min; wherein, in the high-temperature alloy, the content of O is less than or equal to 0.0004wt percent, and the content of N is less than or equal to 0.0056wt percent.
Example 2
In this example, GH4169 during the tapping process was replaced with GH4169G alloy, and the remainder was the same as in the example.
In the high-temperature alloy finally prepared in the embodiment, the O content is less than or equal to 0.0003wt percent, and the N content is less than or equal to 0.0037wt percent.
Example 1 and example 2 the quadruple smelting process of the superalloy according to the invention produces GH4169 and GH4149G alloys, respectively, the gas contents of the head and tail of the consumable ingots obtained by the twice vacuum consumable remelting smelting of example 1 and example 2 are shown in table 2, and the voltage and vacuum fluctuation conditions in the twice vacuum consumable remelting smelting process of example 1 and example 2 are shown in fig. 2a, fig. 2b, fig. 3a and fig. 3 b.
TABLE 2 gas content (wt%) in examples 1GH4169 and GH4149G
As shown in table 2, fig. 2a, fig. 2b, fig. 3a, fig. 3b, the voltage and vacuum level curves in the vacuum remelting consumable processes of example 1 and example 2 after the second vacuum consumable remelting smelting were very stable and the gas contents O and N of the consumable ingot heads and tails were lower compared to the first vacuum consumable remelting smelting (i.e., conventional triple smelting process). Therefore, by adopting the smelting process provided by the invention, voltage and vacuum fluctuation in the consumable smelting process can be eliminated, the phenomenon of arcing in the consumable process can be avoided, the dropping of the ingot crown in the consumable process can be reduced, the risk of metallurgical defects can be effectively reduced, the purity of the steel ingot can be further improved, and the severe quality requirement of the aviation industry can be met.
In view of the foregoing, the embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered.
Claims (7)
1. A quadruple smelting process of a high-temperature alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Batching according to the composition of GH4169 or GH4169G superalloy;
(2) Vacuum induction smelting, namely adding main material components of Ni, mo and Fe in a melting period, adding C, vacuumizing for smelting, refining after the main material components are melted, adding alloy elements Cr, al, ti, nb, P, B in batches, melting and refining, analyzing molten steel components, and tapping and casting to obtain a vacuum induction electrode after the element components in the molten steel meet target requirements;
(3) Electroslag remelting is carried out, the vacuum induction electrode is subjected to finishing treatment, then argon protection is adopted for electroslag remelting, and then the electroslag ingot is air-cooled after demoulding;
(4) Grinding the surface of the electroslag ingot to the natural color of metal, and then carrying out the primary vacuum consumable smelting to obtain a consumable ingot;
(5) And performing secondary vacuum consumable smelting, forging the consumable ingot into an electrode, grinding the surface of the electrode to the natural color of metal, and performing secondary vacuum consumable smelting to obtain the high-temperature alloy.
2. The superalloy quadruple smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the vacuum degree is not more than 3.0Pa in the vacuum induction smelting process.
3. The superalloy quadruple smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the casting temperature is 1420 to 1480 ℃ during tapping.
4. The method for preparing a four-in-one smelting process of a superalloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the melting speed is set to 3.0-4.0 kg/min in the electroslag remelting process.
5. The method for preparing the superalloy quadruple smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the smelting speed is set to be 3.5-4.5 kg/min in the first vacuum consumable smelting process.
6. The method for preparing the superalloy quadruple smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the smelting speed is set to 3.0-4.0 kg/min in the second vacuum consumable smelting process.
7. The method for preparing the superalloy by the four-in-one smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the O content is not more than 0.0005wt% and the N content is not more than 0.0060wt% in the superalloy prepared by the second vacuum consumable smelting.
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| CN110551955A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-10 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for reducing internal residual stress of GH4169 alloy large-size disc forging |
| CN111876649A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-11-03 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Smelting process of high-niobium high-temperature alloy large-size ingot and high-niobium high-temperature alloy large-size ingot |
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| CN110551955A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-12-10 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for reducing internal residual stress of GH4169 alloy large-size disc forging |
| CN111876649A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-11-03 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Smelting process of high-niobium high-temperature alloy large-size ingot and high-niobium high-temperature alloy large-size ingot |
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