CN113444889A - Method for uniformly distributing aluminum and titanium of nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot - Google Patents
Method for uniformly distributing aluminum and titanium of nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN113444889A CN113444889A CN202110547614.1A CN202110547614A CN113444889A CN 113444889 A CN113444889 A CN 113444889A CN 202110547614 A CN202110547614 A CN 202110547614A CN 113444889 A CN113444889 A CN 113444889A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001417935 Platycephalidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of nickel-based alloy, and particularly relates to a method for uniformly distributing aluminum and titanium of a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot, which comprises the following steps of: 1) melting a nickel-based metal raw material under a vacuum condition, and casting into a vacuum induction cast ingot after refining; 2) carrying out first electroslag remelting by taking the vacuum induction cast ingot as an electrode to obtain a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot; 3) forging a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar, and marking the top and the bottom of the nickel-based alloy electrode bar respectively; 4) and taking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as an electrode, and carrying out secondary electroslag remelting by arcing at the top to obtain the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot with uniformly distributed aluminum and titanium. Under the condition of not changing the current production equipment, the invention utilizes the grasped burning loss rule to control the content distribution of aluminum and titanium elements which are easy to generate burning loss, so as to obtain the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot with uniform and consistent components, provide guarantee for the consistency of subsequent product performance, and improve the consistency of the components in the length direction of the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alloy smelting, and particularly relates to a method for uniformly distributing aluminum and titanium of a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot.
Background
The nickel-based alloy is a high-temperature alloy prepared by taking Ni and Cr as matrixes and adding Fe, Mo, Al, Ti, Nb, B, C and the like.
For nickel-based alloys, Al, Ti and Nb are important alloying elements in nickel-based alloys, and the Al and Ti can form a chemical composition with Ni element to form Ni3 A reinforcing phase gamma' phase of (Al, Ti), Nb being able to form a chemical composition with Ni3A reinforcing phase of Nb, gamma'.
Precipitation strengthening type nickel-based alloys rely primarily on gamma prime and gamma prime phases for strengthening, and this strengthening effect is directly related to the elemental content of Al and Ti in the alloy. However, the high titanium low aluminum nickel base alloy will burn to a certain extent during the electroslag remelting process, which will affect the performance consistency and stability of the alloy. The reason is that Al and Ti are active and easily-oxidized elements, and gradient change of Al and Ti content occurs along the longitudinal direction in the remelting process, which easily exceeds the limit of some materials with narrow component ranges, and can cause the problems of low product yield, unstable performance, poor consistency and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for uniformly distributing aluminum and titanium of a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot aiming at the corresponding defects in the prior art, under the condition of not changing the current production equipment, the content distribution of aluminum and titanium elements is controlled by secondary electroslag remelting by utilizing the existing found burning loss rule, the electroslag ingot with uniform and consistent components is obtained, the consistency of the subsequent product performance is guaranteed, and the consistency of the components of the electroslag ingot is improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following scheme: a method for enabling aluminum and titanium of a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot to be uniformly distributed comprises the following steps:
1) melting a nickel-based metal raw material under a vacuum condition, and casting into a vacuum induction cast ingot after refining;
2) carrying out first electroslag remelting by taking the vacuum induction cast ingot as an electrode to obtain a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot;
3) forging a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar, and marking the top and the bottom of the nickel-based alloy electrode bar respectively;
4) and (3) taking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as an electrode, arcing the top of the electrode bar, and carrying out secondary electroslag remelting to obtain the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot with uniformly distributed aluminum and titanium.
The melting in step 1) is carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace.
The refining in step 1) is carried out by stirring for 20 minutes at a temperature of 1450 ℃.
The first and second electroslag remelting steps are as follows:
the starting stage adopts current control, and the current stepless speed change: the initial current is 4000A, the current is increased according to 300A/min after the initial current is kept for 5min until the current is 10500A, the current is kept for 20min, and then the current is reduced according to 50A/min until the current is 9000A;
controlling current and voltage in a smelting stage, wherein the voltage is 50V, the initial current is 9000A, and the current is reduced by 5A/min after 300 +/-25 kg of electrodes are melted until the current is 8500A;
and thirdly, current control is adopted in the filling stage, and the current is continuously reduced: after the electrode is melted to 120 plus or minus 10kg, feeding begins, and the current is reduced according to 150A/min until the current is 4000A;
and fourthly, stopping smelting when the electrode is melted to 20 +/-10 kg, and obtaining the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot.
And the first electroslag remelting and the second electroslag remelting adopt a quinary slag system.
The five-element slag system comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaF255-68% of Al2O313 to 20%, CaO 7 to 12%, MgO 5 to 10%, SiO22 to 5 percent.
And 3) forging the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as follows:
(1) forging
Cogging and forging the nickel-based alloy electrode bar into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar, wherein the forging temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-6 hours, the deformation is 20-60%, and the finish forging temperature is 850-1000 ℃;
(2) saw cutting
Sawing the nickel-based alloy electrode bar into flat heads;
(3) baking
Baking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar for 4 hours at 200 ℃;
(4) sanding
And cooling the baked nickel-based alloy electrode bar, and sanding surface oxide scales.
The nickel-based metal raw material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-70% of Ni, 16-35% of Cr, 0.05-1.5% of Al, 0.1-1.5% of Ti, 0.5-2% of Nb and the balance of Fe.
The invention has the following beneficial effects that the method comprises the following steps:
1) melting a nickel-based metal raw material containing aluminum and titanium under a vacuum condition, refining and casting into a vacuum induction cast ingot;
2) carrying out first electroslag remelting by taking the vacuum induction cast ingot as an electrode to obtain a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot;
3) forging the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar according to the required specification, and marking the top and the bottom of the nickel-based alloy electrode bar respectively;
4) and (3) taking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as an electrode, carrying out arc striking remelting on the top of the electrode bar, and carrying out secondary electroslag remelting to obtain the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot with uniformly distributed aluminum and titanium.
In the electroslag remelting of nickel-based alloy containing aluminum and titanium elements, the aluminum and titanium elements in the obtained electroslag ingot are obviously changed regularly from the bottom to the top of the electroslag ingot, and the regular change is mostly unidirectional, for example, the bottom of the electroslag ingot is relatively low in Ti and the top of the electroslag ingot is relatively low in Ti, and the bottom of the electroslag ingot is relatively low in Al and the top of the electroslag ingot is relatively low in Al.
In summary, through the second electroslag remelting, the end with high titanium and aluminum contents is used as the arc starting end for the second remelting, and the fluctuation of Al and Ti in the length direction of the electroslag ingot can be greatly reduced by utilizing the burning loss rule discovered at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a method for making aluminum and titanium of a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot uniformly distributed comprises the following steps:
1) melting a nickel-based metal raw material containing aluminum and titanium under a vacuum condition, refining and casting into a vacuum induction cast ingot;
the nickel-based metal raw material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-70% of Ni, 16-35% of Cr, 0.05-1.5% of Al, 0.1-1.5% of Ti, 0.5-2% of Nb and the balance of Fe.
In this embodiment, the nickel-based metal raw material comprises, by weight: 58% of Ni, 30% of Cr, 0.9% of Nb, 0.7% of Mn, 0.5% of Ti, 0.1% of Al and the balance of Fe.
In this example, the melting in step 1) was carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace, and the refining was carried out by stirring at 1450 ℃ for 20 minutes.
2) Carrying out first electroslag remelting by taking the vacuum induction cast ingot as an electrode to obtain a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot;
in this embodiment, the diameter of the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot is 400 mm.
3) Forging the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar according to the required specification, and marking the top and the bottom of the nickel-based alloy electrode bar respectively;
and 3) forging the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as follows:
(1) forging
Cogging and forging the nickel-based alloy electrode bar into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar, wherein the forging temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-6 hours, the deformation is 20-60%, and the finish forging temperature is 850-1000 ℃;
in the embodiment, a fast forging machine is selected to forge the nickel-based alloy electrode rod according to the required specification of phi 248 +/-5 mm, the length of the nickel-based alloy electrode rod is 2300mm, and the weight of the nickel-based alloy electrode rod is 1500 kg.
(2) Saw cutting
Sawing the nickel-based alloy electrode bar into flat heads;
(3) baking
Baking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar for 4 hours at 200 ℃ to ensure that the nickel-based alloy electrode bar has no water and obvious moisture;
(4) sanding
And after the baked nickel-based alloy electrode bar is cooled, removing 100% of oxide skin on the surface of the nickel-based alloy electrode bar by sanding, and exposing the metallic luster.
4) And (3) taking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as an electrode, arcing the top of the electrode bar, and carrying out secondary electroslag remelting to obtain the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot with uniformly distributed aluminum and titanium.
The first electroslag remelting and the second electroslag remelting adopt a five-element slag system, and the five-element slag system comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaF255-68% of Al2O313 to 20%, CaO 7 to 12%, MgO 5 to 10%, SiO22 to 5 percent.
In the embodiment, the five-element slag system has a slag amount of 45kg, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaF261% of Al2O317% of CaO, 9% of CaO, 8% of MgO, and SiO2The content was 5%.
The first and second electroslag remelting steps are as follows:
the starting stage adopts current control, and the current stepless speed change: the initial current is 4000A, the current is increased according to 300A/min after the initial current is kept for 5min until the current is 10500A, the current is kept for 20min, and then the current is reduced according to 50A/min until the current is 9000A;
controlling current and voltage in a smelting stage, wherein the voltage is 50V, the initial current is 9000A, and the current is reduced by 5A/min after 300 +/-25 kg of electrodes are melted until the current is 8500A;
and thirdly, current control is adopted in the filling stage, and the current is continuously reduced: after the electrode is melted to 120 plus or minus 10kg, feeding begins, and the current is reduced according to 150A/min until the current is 4000A;
and fourthly, stopping smelting when the electrode is melted to 20 +/-10 kg, and obtaining the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot.
After the first electroslag remelting, sampling and analyzing the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot:
5 sampling positions are uniformly arranged between the top and the bottom of the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot, and the content of Ti and Al elements in each sampling position is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Element(s) | Position 1 (top) | Position 2 | Position 3 | Position 4 | Position 5 (bottom) |
| Al | 0.03% | 0.048% | 0.066% | 0.075% | 0.11% |
| Ti | 0.51% | 0.49% | 0.48% | 0.45% | 0.42% |
Therefore, the content difference of Al element and Ti element in the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot prepared by single electroslag remelting is 0.08%, 0.09% and the distribution of Al element and Ti element is not uniform.
And sampling and analyzing the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot obtained after the second electroslag remelting, wherein the content of Ti and Al elements at each sampling position is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Element(s) | Position 1 (top) | Position 2 | Position 3 | Position 4 | Position 5 (bottom) |
| Al | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.03% |
| Ti | 0.43% | 0.44% | 0.45% | 0.43% | 0.42% |
Therefore, the difference of Al element content in the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot prepared by the method for secondary electroslag remelting is 0.01%, the difference of Ti element content is 0.03%, and the Al element and the Ti element in the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot are uniformly distributed, so that the method is very suitable for manufacturing the nickel-based alloy welding wire.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and modifications of the present invention by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for enabling aluminum and titanium of a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot to be uniformly distributed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) melting a nickel-based metal raw material under a vacuum condition, and casting into a vacuum induction cast ingot after refining;
2) carrying out first electroslag remelting by taking the vacuum induction cast ingot as an electrode to obtain a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot;
3) forging a nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar, and marking the top and the bottom of the nickel-based alloy electrode bar respectively;
4) and (3) taking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as an electrode, arcing the top of the electrode bar, and carrying out secondary electroslag remelting to obtain the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot with uniformly distributed aluminum and titanium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the melting in step 1) is carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the refining in step 1) is carried out by stirring for 20 minutes at a temperature of 1450 ℃.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the first and second electroslag remelting steps are as follows:
the starting stage adopts current control, and the current stepless speed change: the initial current is 4000A, the current is increased according to 300A/min after the initial current is kept for 5min until the current is 10500A, the current is kept for 20min, and then the current is reduced according to 50A/min until the current is 9000A;
controlling current and voltage in a smelting stage, wherein the voltage is 50V, the initial current is 9000A, and the current is reduced by 5A/min after 300 +/-25 kg of electrodes are melted until the current is 8500A;
and thirdly, current control is adopted in the filling stage, and the current is continuously reduced: after the electrode is melted to 120 plus or minus 10kg, feeding begins, and the current is reduced according to 150A/min until the current is 4000A;
and fourthly, stopping smelting when the electrode is melted to 20 +/-10 kg, and obtaining the nickel-based alloy electroslag ingot.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the first electroslag remelting and the second electroslag remelting adopt a quinary slag system.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the five-element slag system comprises the following components in percentage by weight: CaF255-68% of Al2O313 to 20%, CaO 7 to 12%, MgO 5 to 10%, SiO22 to 5 percent.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: and 3) forging the nickel-based alloy electrode bar as follows:
(1) forging
Cogging and forging the nickel-based alloy electrode bar into a nickel-based alloy electrode bar, wherein the forging temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-6 hours, the deformation is 20-60%, and the finish forging temperature is 850-1000 ℃;
(2) saw cutting
Sawing the nickel-based alloy electrode bar into flat heads;
(3) baking
Baking the nickel-based alloy electrode bar for 4 hours at 200 ℃;
(4) sanding
And cooling the baked nickel-based alloy electrode bar, and sanding surface oxide scales.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the nickel-based metal raw material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-70% of Ni, 16-35% of Cr, 0.05-1.5% of Al, 0.1-1.5% of Ti, 0.5-2% of Nb and the balance of Fe.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114231750A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-25 | 河钢股份有限公司 | Ti and Al control method for electroslag remelting of nickel-based gas valve alloy steel |
| CN114317996A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-12 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing low-gas-content high-titanium low-aluminum nickel-cobalt alloy electroslag remelting electrode |
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| CN114317996B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-04-28 | 抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of low-gas-content high-titanium low-aluminum nickel cobalt alloy electroslag remelting electrode |
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