CN116037887A - Multi-gate composite forming device for pneumatic filling hydraulic extrusion forging - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-gate composite forming complete equipment for pneumatic filling type oil pressure extrusion forging, which consists of a composite forming machine, a special low-pressure casting furnace for composite forming and a composite forming die. The casting furnace is directly connected with the casting machine, so that the intermediate circulation link of the alloy liquid is reduced, the heat dissipation energy consumption is reduced, and the alloy liquid is prevented from being polluted in the transferring process; alloy liquid is led into a die cavity from the lower part of the die, pure alloy liquid below the liquid level enters the die cavity, and meanwhile, the alloy liquid is subjected to multistage purification by using a sectional low-pressure casting furnace, so that impurities contained in the alloy liquid are removed. And the casting in the cooling solidification process is subjected to at least one-time extrusion forging operation by utilizing the high-thrust oil cylinder, so that the compactness of the weak position of the casting is greatly improved. The device can obtain a formed product slightly higher than extrusion casting, is equivalent to the production efficiency of extrusion casting, and is slightly lower than the production cost of extrusion casting.

Description

Multi-gate composite forming device for pneumatic filling hydraulic extrusion forging

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of light alloy forming and manufacturing, in particular to a multi-gate composite forming complete equipment for pneumatic filling and hydraulic extrusion forging.

Background

Low pressure casting and extrusion casting are two widely used aluminum alloy forming processes; the former relies on the low pressure casting furnace to utilize the air pressure to pour, fill, pressurize and shape, the advantage is that the apparatus is simple, the molten aluminum quality is good, the disadvantage is that the production cycle is longer, the precision and density of the cast part are lower; the aluminum water is transported to a pressing chamber by a machine side heat preservation furnace and aluminum water transporting device (commonly called as a soup feeding machine), the pressing chamber is in butt joint with a die, and the hydraulic cylinder drives a punch to charge the aluminum water and solidify under ultrahigh pressure.

The key parts such as a new energy automobile body and a chassis develop to the thin wall, high performance and large-scale direction, a plurality of small parts are integrally formed through advanced forming equipment, and the small parts are simplified into one part to become an important direction of effort in the industry, so that the endurance mileage of the electric automobile can be improved, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and higher requirements are also provided for the consistency of the process and the structural strength of formed parts. One important aspect is the presence of impurities in the alloy liquid which do not have a significant effect on conventional die castings, but which can cause failure and fracture of the integral die castings. Particularly for large-format, complex-structure integral die-cast shaped parts, scrap parts often also means great economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device for greatly improving the quality of the alloy liquid in the forming device.

At present, the forming process of the large aluminum alloy part has the following outstanding problems:

1) The alloy liquid purification degree is not enough, and particularly, the quality of the alloy liquid cannot be ensured in a factory environment;

2) The extrusion casting process is difficult to form parts with large projection areas;

3) Parts with large projection areas generally have weak strength, and the parts can be scrapped in a large amount due to the weak strength;

4) The forming equipment of the parts with large projection area is generally large in size, complex in structure and high in energy consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

The poor quality of alloy liquid directly leads to the qualification rate of the integrated die-casting forming part to be reduced, the extrusion casting process is difficult to form parts with large projection area, the positions with weak strength are commonly existed, and the forming equipment is generally large in size, complex in structure and high in energy consumption. In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to develop a novel forming process and complete equipment by combining the advantages of low-pressure casting and extrusion casting.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

(1) Performing air pressure filling on the die by using a special low-pressure casting furnace for composite forming, and closing a pouring gate after the filling is completed;

(2) The casting furnace is directly connected with the casting machine, so that the intermediate circulation link of the alloy liquid is reduced, the heat dissipation energy consumption is reduced, and the alloy liquid is prevented from being polluted in the transferring process;

(3) Introducing alloy liquid into a die cavity from the lower part of the die by using a liquid lifting pipe, wherein the liquid taking height is positioned below the liquid level of the alloy liquid, so that pure alloy liquid below the liquid level enters the die cavity;

(4) Multistage purification is carried out on the alloy liquid by utilizing a sectional type special low-pressure casting furnace for composite forming, and impurities contained in the alloy liquid are removed;

(5) At least one large thrust oil cylinder is utilized to carry out at least one squeeze forging operation on castings in the cooling solidification process, so that the density of weak positions of the castings is greatly improved;

(6) The casting mould is directly from getting liquid in its below casting furnace to the connected mode of casting furnace and casting mould is flexonics, and casting furnace and casting mould can very convenient separation, is convenient for clean and overhaul the casting furnace.

The specific scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the equipment main body consists of three parts, namely a composite forming machine, a special low-pressure casting furnace for composite forming (hereinafter referred to as a low-pressure casting furnace for convenience of description) and a composite forming die.

The compound forming machine consists of a machine seat, a shaping seat plate, a movable seat plate, a die assembly driving cylinder seat plate, a pull rod, a die assembly driving cylinder, a die assembly force-applying cylinder, an opening and closing nut assembly, an ejection cylinder and a central extrusion forging cylinder;

the machine seat is positioned on a workshop terrace, and a shaping seat plate, a pull bar, a movable seat plate, a die closing force applying cylinder, an opening and closing nut assembly, a large bar, a die closing driving cylinder seat plate and a die closing driving cylinder are sequentially and fixedly assembled above the machine seat; the position of the die closing driving cylinder seat plate is fixed, and a blanking rod B is vertically arranged in the movable seat plate;

a piston rod of the die closing force applying cylinder is fixedly connected with the large bar, and the opening and closing nut assembly is assembled on the external circular surface thread of the large bar;

the movable seat board is assembled and connected with the pull rod, and the movable seat board moves in the vertical direction along the axial direction of the movable seat board.

The internal space of the low-pressure casting furnace is divided into three parts, namely a soup adding groove, a standing groove and a pouring groove, wherein the soup adding groove and the standing groove are directly communicated through a bottom communication port;

a heating rod A, a temperature sensor A and a liquid level detection switch A are arranged in the standing groove;

a heating rod B, a temperature sensor B, a liquid level detection switch B, a liquid lifting pipe lower section and a casting air pressure control function piece are arranged in the casting groove;

the lower section of the liquid lifting pipe is inserted into the furnace body at the upper part of the pouring slot, and the relative positions of the lower section and the furnace body are kept fixed;

the upper part of the lift tube is arranged above the lower part of the lift tube, and the upper part and the lower part are not directly connected;

the lower section of the lift tube is communicated with the inner part of the upper section of the lift tube, and a meniscus is arranged between the lower section of the lift tube and the upper section of the lift tube; the top surface of the lower section of the liquid lifting pipe is a concave spherical surface, the bottom surface of the upper section of the liquid lifting pipe is a convex spherical surface, the upper surface of the meniscus is a concave spherical surface, and the lower surface is a convex spherical surface;

the diameter of one end of the lower section of the liquid lifting pipe, which extends out of the furnace body shell, is larger than that of the part of the lower section of the liquid lifting pipe, which extends out of the furnace body shell, in the furnace body shell, and a copper gasket is arranged between one end of the lower section of the liquid lifting pipe, which extends out of the furnace body shell, and the furnace body shell;

the lower end of the upper section of the lift tube is provided with a large-diameter section, the protective sleeve locks an assembly body formed by the upper section of the lift tube, the meniscus and the lower section of the lift tube through the large-diameter section, and the protective sleeve is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the furnace body shell.

The copper gasket and the meniscus are made of red copper. If the difference between the melting point of red copper and the melting point of alloy liquid is less than 150 ℃, the copper gasket (51) and the meniscus (50) are made of low-carbon steel.

An on-off valve assembly is arranged between the standing groove and the pouring groove; the on-off valve assembly consists of an on-off valve seat, an on-off valve rod and an on-off valve cylinder assembly.

The pouring gate sealing oil cylinder is positioned in the movable mould, and the pouring gate sealing plug is fixedly connected with the tail end of a piston rod of the pouring gate sealing oil cylinder.

The central extrusion forging punch is fixedly connected with the tail end of a piston rod of a central extrusion forging oil cylinder of the composite forming machine.

The upper section of the lift tube is connected with the sprue bush to form a runner, and a meniscus is arranged between the runner and the runner; the sprue bush is communicated with the die cavity and is coaxial with the sprue sealing plug, and the sprue bush and the sprue sealing plug form tight fit through taper.

The low-pressure casting furnace is positioned below the shaping seat plate and fixedly arranged on the vertical lifting device, and rollers are arranged at the bottom of the vertical lifting device; the vertical lifting device is arranged on the seat board and connected with the seat board through the translation device; the seat board is fixed on the workshop floor.

The translation device is used for adjusting the relative position of the vertical lifting device and the seat plate in the horizontal direction, and the vertical lifting device is used for adjusting the relative position of the low-pressure casting furnace and the seat plate in the vertical direction.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has remarkable advantages and beneficial effects, and is specifically embodied in the following aspects:

(1) And (3) air pressure filling: pouring the air pressure control function piece to pour the high-pressure inert gas into the pouring tank; the sprue sealing oil cylinder is retracted to drive the sprue sealing plug to be separated from the sprue bush; the alloy liquid sequentially passes through the lower section of the liquid lifting pipe, the meniscus, the upper section of the liquid lifting pipe and the sprue bush to reach and fill the cavity; the pneumatic filling is faster than the hydraulic filling, and the flow speed of the alloy liquid is reduced in the process of passing through the liquid lifting pipe, so that the filling process is more stable;

(2) Hydroforming: the extrusion forging pressure is applied by hydraulic pressure in the cooling solidification forming process of the alloy liquid, so that the pressure is higher; meanwhile, the device does not need a pressing chamber and an extrusion oil cylinder which are related to extrusion and die butt joint in the extrusion casting machine, and a lifting oil cylinder, a rotating oil cylinder, a control oil way and a control circuit. Compared with an extrusion casting machine, the mechanism of the equipment is simplified, and the equipment cost is reduced.

(3) Because the part is locally extruded and forged, rather than pressurizing the projection area of the whole cast part, the composite forming equipment with the same tonnage clamping force can produce castings with larger projection area. In other words, the mold locking force required by the composite forming machine is smaller (reduced by about 45 percent) to produce high-quality castings with the same projection area, so that the equipment cost is further reduced, and the production efficiency of parts is correspondingly improved.

(4) At high pressure, the alloy liquid cooling melting point rises, so the alloy liquid can be solidified at higher temperature, and the solidification time is shortened; compared with low-pressure casting, the production efficiency is improved by about 15% due to the shortened solidification time.

In summary, the present application can obtain a shaped product slightly higher than squeeze casting, equivalent to the production efficiency of squeeze casting, and slightly lower than the production cost of squeeze casting.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection portion of a lift tube;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite forming die;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the connection of a lift tube to a sprue bush.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein.

It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not mean that the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

It should be understood that in the present invention, "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements that are expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

It should be understood that in the present invention, "plurality" means two or more. "and/or" is merely an association relationship describing an association object, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. "comprising A, B and C", "comprising A, B, C" means that all three of A, B, C comprise, "comprising A, B or C" means that one of the three comprises A, B, C, and "comprising A, B and/or C" means that any 1 or any 2 or 3 of the three comprises A, B, C.

It should be understood that in the present invention, "B corresponding to a", "a corresponding to B", or "B corresponding to a" means that B is associated with a, from which B can be determined. Determining B from a does not mean determining B from a alone, but may also determine B from a and/or other information. The matching of A and B is that the similarity of A and B is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value.

As used herein, "if" may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection" depending on the context.

Embodiment one.

A first aspect of this embodiment is an apparatus to which the present invention relates.

A pneumatically filled hydraulic swaged multi-gate composite forming apparatus comprising: a composite forming machine, a low-pressure casting furnace dedicated for composite forming (hereinafter, simply referred to as a low-pressure casting furnace for convenience of description), a composite forming die, and a bed plate 26.

The composite forming machine consists of a machine base 1, a shaping seat plate 4, a movable seat plate 8, a die clamping driving cylinder seat plate 11, a pull rod 15, a die clamping driving cylinder 12, a die clamping force application cylinder 9, an opening and closing nut assembly 10, an ejection cylinder 13 and a central extrusion forging cylinder 14;

the machine base 1 is positioned on a workshop terrace, and a shaping seat plate 4, a pull bar 15, a movable seat plate 8, a die closing force applying cylinder 9, a split nut assembly 10, a large bar 121, a die closing driving cylinder seat plate 11 and a die closing driving cylinder 12 are sequentially and fixedly assembled above the machine base 1; the position of the die closing driving cylinder seat plate 11 is fixed, and a blanking rod B71 is vertically arranged in the movable seat plate 8;

a piston rod of the die closing force applying cylinder 9 is fixedly connected with the large bar 121, and the split nut assembly 10 is assembled on the external circular thread of the large bar 121;

the seat plate 8 is assembled and connected with a pull rod 15, and the former moves along the axial direction of the latter in the vertical direction.

The internal space of the low pressure casting furnace is divided into three parts, namely a soup adding groove 25, a standing groove 24 and a pouring groove 30, wherein the soup adding groove 25 and the standing groove 24 are directly communicated through a bottom communicating port;

the purpose of the three grooves is to: in the process of aluminum water flowing, the lower aluminum water always enters the next space, so that the quality of the aluminum water can be purified.

A heating rod A27, a temperature sensor A22 and a liquid level detection switch A23 are arranged in the standing groove 24;

the pouring tank 30 is internally provided with a heating rod B33, a temperature sensor B31, a liquid level detection switch B32, a liquid lifting pipe lower section 2 and a pouring air pressure control function piece 20;

the lower section 2 of the liquid lifting pipe is inserted into the furnace body at the upper part of the pouring slot 30, and the relative positions of the lower section and the furnace body are kept fixed;

a lift tube upper section 3 is arranged above the lift tube lower section 2, and the lift tube upper section 3 and the lift tube upper section are not directly connected;

the lower section 2 of the lift tube is communicated with the upper section 3 of the lift tube, and a meniscus 50 is arranged between the lower section and the upper section of the lift tube, as shown in figure 2; the top surface of the lower section 2 of the liquid lifting tube is a concave spherical surface, the bottom surface of the upper section 3 of the liquid lifting tube is a convex spherical surface, the upper surface of the meniscus 50 is a concave spherical surface, and the lower surface is a convex spherical surface;

the diameter of one end of the lower section 2 of the lift pipe, which extends out of the furnace body shell 53, is larger than that of the part of the lower section of the lift pipe, which is positioned in the furnace body shell 53, and a copper gasket 51 is arranged between the end of the lower section 2 of the lift pipe, which extends out of the furnace body shell 53, and the furnace body shell 53;

the lower end of the upper riser tube section 3 is provided with a large-diameter section through which the protective sleeve 52 locks the assembly of the upper riser tube section 3, the meniscus 50 and the lower riser tube section 2, and the protective sleeve 52 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the furnace shell 53.

The copper gasket 51 and meniscus 50 are both made of red copper.

The purpose of providing a meniscus 50 between the upper riser section 3 and the lower riser section 2 is to allow a flexible connection between the upper riser section 3 and the lower riser section 2 without affecting the circulation of alloy liquid between the two, even if the upper riser section 3 and the lower riser section 2 are not coaxial.

After the protective sleeve 52 locks the upper riser tube segment 3, meniscus 50 and lower riser tube segment 2, the apparatus can begin the forming process; because these parts will be in direct contact with the aluminium water at around 700 c, their temperature will also approach the aluminium water temperature, and the copper gasket 51 and meniscus 50 of red copper will soften at this high temperature, at which time the locking force of the protective sleeve 52 will be further increased, making the fit between the riser tube upper section 3, meniscus 50 and riser tube lower section 2 tighter and better sealing.

The protective sleeve 52 in this embodiment is connected to the furnace shell by a flange. It should be noted that the flange connection is an unnecessary technical feature of the present invention, and other mechanical connection modes, such as internal and external screw connection, mode taper fit, and lever locking buckle; or non-mechanical means of attachment, such as electromagnetic attraction, should be within the scope of the present invention.

An on-off valve assembly is arranged between the standing groove 24 and the pouring groove 30; the on-off valve assembly consists of an on-off valve seat 29, an on-off valve rod 28 and an on-off valve cylinder assembly 21.

As shown in fig. 3, the composite forming die consists of a fixed die 5, a movable die 6, a blanking rod A7, a gate sealing cylinder 16, a central forging punch 17 and a gate sealing plug 18;

the fixed die 5 is fixedly arranged above the shaping seat plate 4, and the movable die 6 is fixedly arranged below the movable seat plate 8;

the movable mould 6 is of a hollow layered structure and comprises a blanking rod B passing plate 61, a transition plate 62 and a blanking rod A locking plate 63; the blanking rod B71 is fixedly connected with the transition plate 62; the movable seat plate 8 is fixedly connected with the blanking rod B through a plate 61, the transition plate 62 is fixedly connected with a blanking rod A locking plate 63, and the blanking rod A locking plate 63 is fixedly connected with a blanking rod A7; the connection relation realizes the action execution function on one hand and is convenient to assemble on the other hand; for example, when the die is assembled, the blanking rod a and the blanking rod a locking plate 63 are assembled first, and if the relative positions of the transition plate 62 and the blanking rod a locking plate 63 are not adjustable, the smooth assembly is not possible; therefore, in this example, the transition plate 62 is fixedly connected with the blanking rod a locking plate 63 by means of a kidney-shaped hole matched with a bolt, so as to facilitate adjustment of the relative position between the two plates;

the sprue sealing oil cylinder 16 is positioned in the movable mould 6, the sprue sealing plug 18 is fixedly connected with the tail end of a piston rod of the sprue sealing oil cylinder 16, and the embodiment adopts a threaded connection mode;

the central extrusion forging punch 17 is fixedly connected with the tail end of a piston rod of the central extrusion forging cylinder 14 of the composite forming machine, and the embodiment adopts a threaded connection mode;

as shown in fig. 4, the upper section 3 of the lift tube is connected with the sprue bush 19 to form a runner, and a meniscus is arranged between the runner and the runner; the sprue bush 19 is communicated with the die cavity and is coaxial with the sprue sealing plug 18, and the sprue bush 19 and the sprue sealing plug 18 form tight fit through taper, and the taper value of the sprue sealing plug is 1:50 in this example.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, two gate closing cylinders 16, an ejection cylinder 13 and a mold closing force applying cylinder 9 are provided, and one central forging cylinder 14 is provided; in fact, the number of cylinders for each function described above may vary from form to form. For convenience in describing the solution of the present invention, only a simple arrangement is described herein.

The low-pressure casting furnace is positioned below the shaping seat plate 4.

A second aspect of this embodiment is a method of operating the device of the present invention.

Step one: closing the mould; the piston rod of the mold closing driving cylinder 12 stretches out to drive the movable seat plate 8 and the movable mold 6 to translate downwards, when the movable mold 6 is in contact with the fixed mold 5, the open-close nut assembly 10 is locked on the large bar 121, the piston rod of the mold closing force applying cylinder 9 stretches out, and then enough mold closing force F is applied to the movable mold 6 and the fixed mold 5; the sprue sealing oil cylinder 16 stretches out to drive the sprue sealing plug 18 to be inserted into the sprue bush 19;

step two: filling with air pressure; the aluminum liquid from the outside flows to the standing tank 24 through the soup-adding tank 25, and most of the residue remains in the soup-adding tank 25; pouring the air pressure control function 20 to inject high-pressure inert gas into the pouring tank 30; the sprue sealing cylinder 16 is retracted to drive the sprue sealing plug 18 to be separated from the sprue bush 19; the alloy liquid sequentially passes through the lower section 2 of the lift tube, the meniscus 50, the upper section 3 of the lift tube and the sprue bush 19 to reach and fill the cavity;

step three: oil press forging; the central forging cylinder 14 is extended, and the central forging punch 17 applies forging force to the forming piece in the cooling process; eliminating shrinkage cavities and shrinkage porosity in the formed piece through extrusion forging force, and forging and strengthening the formed piece;

step four: opening a die; the split nut assembly 10 is opened, and can move on the large bar 121, and the die closing force application cylinder 9 is unloaded; the piston rod of the mold closing driving cylinder 12 is retracted to drive the movable seat plate 8 and the movable mold 6 to translate upwards, and the movable mold 6 is separated from the fixed mold 5;

step five: the finished product is blanked, and the ejection cylinder 13 stretches out to drive the blanking rod B71, the transition plate 62, the blanking rod A7 locking plate 63 and the blanking rod A7 to vertically move downwards in sequence; the blanking rod A7 contacts with the finished product of the forming part, and separates the finished product from the movable die 6 to finish the blanking process of the finished product; the ejection oil cylinder 13 retracts to drive the blanking rod A and the blanking rod B71 to move upwards; the apparatus waits for the next forming operation.

Embodiment two.

The distinguishing technical features of the second embodiment include two aspects as compared with the first embodiment.

In the first aspect, the low-pressure casting furnace is positioned below the shaping seat plate 4 and is fixedly arranged on a vertical lifting device, and rollers are arranged at the bottom of the vertical lifting device; the vertical lifting device is arranged on the seat plate 26 and connected with the seat plate 26 through the translation device 40; the seat plate 26 is fixed on the floor of the workshop.

The translation device 40 adjusts the relative position of the vertical lifting device and the seat plate 26 in the horizontal direction, and the vertical lifting device adjusts the relative position of the low-pressure casting furnace and the seat plate 26 in the vertical direction.

In the implementation, the vertical lifting device adopts a scissor type lifter, and the control error of the lifting height is less than 50 mm; the translation device 40 is a round sizing block, and the relative position of the vertical lifting device and the seat plate 26 is adjusted by manually adjusting the unscrewing length of a central bolt of the round sizing block.

In a modified version, the translation device 40 can also be driven by a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder; the control error of the horizontal translation of the translation device 40 is less than 5 mm.

In a further possible development, the translation means 40 are replaced by horizontal locking means; the working method is that firstly, the horizontal locking device is loosened, the horizontal relative position of the low-pressure casting furnace and the seat plate 26 is manually adjusted, and then the horizontal locking device is locked after the adjustment is in place, and the position is kept.

In particular, since the low-pressure casting furnace has two moving directions in the horizontal plane, the number of the translation device 40 or the horizontal locking device is one or more.

The purpose of the above adjustment of the position of the low pressure casting furnace is to achieve smooth butt joint of the lower lift tube section 2 and the upper lift tube section 3, and to press the upper lift tube section 3 and the upper and lower meniscus 50 together and maintain a sufficient adhesion force in the process of locking the assembly composed of the upper lift tube section 3, the meniscus 50 and the lower lift tube section 2.

In the second aspect, the number of the heating rods a27 in the standing groove 24 is larger than one; the standing groove 24 and the pouring groove 30 are communicated through an on-off valve seat 29; the horizontal height of the heating rod A27 is consistent with the height of the top surface of the on-off valve seat 29;

a vertical blind hole is formed in the on-off valve seat 29, the upper end of the vertical blind hole is connected with the standing groove 24, and the lower end of the vertical blind hole is connected with the pouring groove 30; an on-off valve rod 28 and an on-off valve cylinder assembly 21 are arranged right above the vertical blind hole, and the on-off valve rod 28 is driven to vertically move upwards or downwards by the on-off valve cylinder assembly 21 so as to control the opening and closing of the vertical blind hole;

when the following conditions are met simultaneously, the on-off valve rod 28 controls the vertical blind hole to be opened, and aluminum water in the standing groove 24 can enter the pouring groove 30;

condition one: the temperature sensor A22 detects that the temperature reaches T1, the liquid level detection switch A23 is activated (the liquid level detection switch A23 is in contact with the aluminum water), so that the aluminum water in the standing groove 24 is filled at the moment, and the temperature reaches the preset temperature requirement;

condition II: the liquid level detection switch B32 is not activated (the liquid level detection switch B32 is not contacted with the aluminum water), which indicates that the aluminum water in the pouring tank 30 is deficient at the moment;

and (3) a third condition: the pouring air pressure control function 20 detects that the inside of the pouring tank 30 is in a low air pressure state (the air pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure) by the pouring air pressure control function 20 discharging the air in the pouring tank 30; the vacuum degree corresponding to the low air pressure state is-0.01 to-0.07 Mpa.

In one possible solution, the heating rod B33 in the casting trough 30 is arranged horizontally, setting the heating temperature to T2; t1 and T2 are 5-10 ℃ higher than the pouring temperature of the aluminum water;

in one possible development, the inner wall of the upper section 3 of the lift tube is embedded with heating coils in order to prevent solidification of the melt in the lift tube.

Embodiment three.

The technical effect achieved by the third embodiment is to determine the operating pressure of the center swage cylinder 14 and the number of swages of the center swage punch 17 according to the specific object to be formed, as compared with the first and second embodiments.

The object to be formed in this embodiment is a 20 inch aluminum alloy wheel, and the projected area of the part obtained from the side is about 58000mm by three-dimensional CAD software ² The pressure of 220MPa, which is the product of the projected area to be applied to the liquid alloy by the center swage punch 17 and the optimized forming pressure, is calculated according to the swaging process, to be about 12800KN, which is also the working pressure of the center swage cylinder 14.

Selecting and forging for 2 times through a central forging punch 17 according to the projection area; the first extrusion forging is immediately after the completion of the filling, and the second extrusion forging is 70 seconds after the completion of the filling; after the second swaging, the pressure is maintained until the formed part is completely solidified.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a many runner complex forming device of hydraulic pressure crowded forging is filled to atmospheric pressure which characterized in that: comprising the following steps: a forming machine, a low pressure casting furnace, a die and a seat plate (26);

the forming machine consists of a machine seat (1), a shaping seat plate (4), a movable seat plate (8), a die clamping driving cylinder seat plate (11), a pull rod (15), a die clamping driving cylinder (12), a die clamping force application cylinder (9), an opening and closing nut assembly (10), an ejection cylinder (13) and a central extrusion forging cylinder (14);

the internal space of the low-pressure casting furnace is divided into a soup adding groove (25), a standing groove (24) and a pouring groove (30), wherein the soup adding groove (25) and the standing groove (24) are directly communicated through a bottom communication port;

the die consists of a fixed die (5), a movable die (6), a blanking rod A (7), a gate sealing oil cylinder (16), a central extrusion forging punch head (17) and a gate sealing plug (18);

the seat plate (26) is fixed on the workshop floor.

2. The multi-gate composite forming device for pneumatic charging and hydraulic swaging according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the machine seat (1) is positioned on a workshop terrace, and a shaping seat plate (4), a pull rod (15), a movable seat plate (8), a die closing force applying cylinder (9), an opening and closing nut assembly (10), a large rod (121), a die closing driving cylinder seat plate (11) and a die closing driving cylinder (12) are sequentially and fixedly assembled above the machine seat (1); the position of the die closing driving cylinder seat plate (11) is fixed, and a blanking rod B (71) is vertically arranged in the movable seat plate (8); a piston rod of the die closing force applying cylinder (9) is fixedly connected with the large bar (121), and the opening and closing nut assembly (10) is assembled on the external circular thread of the large bar (121); the movable seat board (8) is assembled and connected with a pull rod (15), and the movable seat board moves along the axial direction of the movable seat board in the vertical direction;

a heating rod A (27), a temperature sensor A (22) and a liquid level detection switch A (23) are arranged in the standing groove (24); a heating rod B (33), a temperature sensor B (31), a liquid level detection switch B (32), a liquid lifting pipe lower section (2) and a casting air pressure control function piece (20) are arranged in the casting groove (30); the lower section (2) of the liquid lifting pipe is inserted into a furnace body shell (53) at the upper part of the pouring groove (30), and the relative positions of the lower section and the furnace body shell are kept fixed;

the fixed die (5) is fixedly arranged above the shaping seat plate (4), and the movable die (6) is fixedly arranged below the movable seat plate (8); the movable mould (6) is of a hollow layered structure and comprises a blanking rod B passing plate (61), a transition plate (62) and a blanking rod A locking plate (63); the blanking rod B (71) is fixedly connected with the transition plate (62); the movable seat board (8) is fixedly connected with the blanking rod B through a board (61), the transition board (62) is fixedly connected with the blanking rod A locking board (63), and the blanking rod A locking board (63) is fixedly connected with the blanking rod A (7); the pouring gate sealing oil cylinder (16) is positioned in the movable die (6), and the pouring gate sealing plug (18) is fixedly connected with the tail end of a piston rod of the pouring gate sealing oil cylinder (16); the central extrusion forging punch head (17) is fixedly connected with the tail end of a piston rod of a central extrusion forging oil cylinder (14) of the composite forming machine.

3. The multi-gate composite forming device for pneumatic charging and hydraulic swaging according to claim 2, characterized in that: a lift tube upper section (3) is arranged above the lift tube lower section (2), and the lift tube upper section are not directly connected;

the lower section (2) of the lift tube is communicated with the upper section (3) of the lift tube, and a middle-pass meniscus (50) is arranged between the lower section and the upper section; the top surface of the lower section (2) of the liquid lifting pipe is a concave spherical surface, the bottom surface of the upper section (3) of the liquid lifting pipe is a convex spherical surface, the upper surface of the meniscus (50) is a concave spherical surface, and the lower surface is a convex spherical surface;

the diameter of one end of the lower section (2) of the lift tube, which extends out of the furnace body shell (53), is larger than that of the part of the lower section of the lift tube, which is positioned in the furnace body shell (53), and a copper gasket (51) is arranged between one end of the lower section (2) of the lift tube, which extends out of the furnace body shell (53), and the furnace body shell (53);

the lower end of the upper section (3) of the lift tube is provided with a large-diameter section, the protective sleeve (52) locks an assembly body formed by the upper section (3) of the lift tube, the meniscus (50) and the lower section (2) of the lift tube through the large-diameter section, and the protective sleeve (52) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the furnace body shell (53);

a sprue bush (19) is arranged on the lower surface of the fixed die (5); the upper section (3) of the lift tube is connected with the sprue bush (19) to form a runner, and a meniscus is arranged between the runner and the runner; the sprue bush (19) is communicated with the die cavity and is coaxial with the sprue sealing plug (18), and the sprue bush (19) and the sprue sealing plug (18) form tight fit through taper.

4. A pneumatically charged hydraulic swaged multi-gate composite forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the copper gasket (51) and the meniscus (50) are made of red copper; if the difference between the melting point of red copper and the melting point of the alloy liquid is less than 150 ℃, the copper gasket (51) and the meniscus (50) are both replaced by low-carbon steel materials.

5. The multi-gate composite forming device for pneumatic charging and hydraulic swaging according to claim 1, characterized in that: an on-off valve assembly is arranged between the standing groove (24) and the pouring groove (30); the on-off valve assembly consists of an on-off valve seat (29), an on-off valve rod (28) and an on-off valve cylinder assembly (21).

6. The multi-gate composite forming device for pneumatic charging and hydraulic swaging according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the low-pressure casting furnace is positioned below the shaping seat plate (4), and is fixedly arranged on the vertical lifting device, and rollers are arranged at the bottom of the vertical lifting device; the vertical lifting device is arranged on the seat board (26) and connected with the seat board (26) through the translation device (40); the seat board (26) is fixed on the workshop floor;

the translation device (40) is driven by a hydraulic cylinder or an air cylinder, and the control error of horizontal translation is less than 5 mm;

the translation device (40) can be replaced by a horizontal locking device;

the number of the translation devices (40) or the horizontal locking devices is more than or equal to one.

7. The multi-gate composite forming device for pneumatic charging and hydraulic swaging according to claim 5, characterized in that: the conditions for controlling the molten aluminum to enter the pouring tank (30) by the on-off valve rod (28) are simultaneously satisfied:

condition one: the temperature sensor A (22) detects that the temperature reaches T1, and the liquid level detection switch A (23) is activated;

condition II: the liquid level detection switch B (32) is not activated;

and (3) a third condition: the pouring air pressure control functional part (20) detects that the pouring tank (30) is in a low air pressure state, and the corresponding vacuum degree can be set to a certain value between-0.01 and-0.07 Mpa;

the heating rod B (33) in the pouring tank (30) is horizontally arranged, and the heating temperature is set to be T2; t1 and T2 are 5-10 ℃ higher than the preset casting temperature of the alloy liquid; the inner wall of the upper section (3) of the lift tube is embedded with a heating coil.

8. A composite forming process using the apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the high-thrust oil cylinder is utilized to drive the punch to squeeze and forge the casting at least once in the cooling and solidifying process;

if the extrusion forging is performed twice, the first extrusion forging is immediately after the alloy liquid filling is completed; in the second extrusion forging, the current temperature of the alloy liquid is reduced by not more than 25% at most compared with the temperature in the filling process;

if the temperature of the alloy liquid in the second extrusion forging is reduced by more than 25% due to the reloading delay of the high-thrust oil cylinder, the working pressure of the high-thrust oil cylinder needs to be increased by 10-30%;

the pressure is maintained after the last swaging until the formed part has completely set.

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