CN114130989A - Extrusion casting die and technological method - Google Patents
Extrusion casting die and technological method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114130989A CN114130989A CN202111327018.9A CN202111327018A CN114130989A CN 114130989 A CN114130989 A CN 114130989A CN 202111327018 A CN202111327018 A CN 202111327018A CN 114130989 A CN114130989 A CN 114130989A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
Abstract
The invention discloses an extrusion casting die and a process method, wherein the die comprises an upper die and a lower die, and the upper side of the lower die is provided with a first cavity surface, a first inner pouring road surface and a liquid storage tank; a second cavity surface, a second inner pouring road surface and an extrusion punch are arranged on the lower side of the upper die, and the second cavity surface, the second inner pouring road surface and the extrusion punch are opposite to the first cavity surface, the first inner pouring road surface and the liquid storage tank respectively; when the upper die and the lower die are assembled, the second cavity surface and the first cavity surface are enclosed to form a cavity, the second inner pouring channel surface and the first inner pouring channel surface are enclosed to form an inner pouring channel, two ends of the inner pouring channel are respectively communicated with the cavity and the liquid storage tank, and the extrusion punch head extends into the liquid storage tank. The die has a simple structure, and the advantages of indirect extrusion casting, direct extrusion casting and double extrusion casting are integrated by using the extrusion casting technique implemented by the die, so that the production of multiple parts in one die can be realized, the production efficiency is improved, and the production of large complex composite material castings of metals or alloys with multiple components can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a die and a process method, in particular to an extrusion casting die and a process method.
Background
Squeeze casting, also known as liquid die forging, is a novel metal forming process. Squeeze casting can be classified into direct squeeze casting, indirect squeeze casting, and double squeeze casting.
Direct extrusion casting: the liquid or semi-solid metal is directly poured into the female die (lower die), the extrusion punch head is directly extruded on the liquid or semi-solid metal, so that the metal is filled into a die cavity formed by the punch head and the female die and is solidified into a casting under pressure. The casting produced by direct extrusion casting has compact structure and good mechanical property, and is suitable for the production of various materials and alloys, but the process mode is only suitable for thick-wall castings, and the defects of abnormal extrusion casting segregation, direct extrusion casting cold shut and the like are easily formed.
Indirect extrusion casting: the liquid or semi-solid metal is poured into the liquid storage tank (or material cylinder) of the injection feeding system, and is filled into the closed lock-type cavity under the pressure of the punch, and the extrusion punch transmits the pressure to the casting through the molten metal in the ingate. Because the ingate has pressure loss and blockage, the actual stress of the casting produced by indirect extrusion casting is small, so the casting is not compact enough, the defects of cracks and looseness are easily generated, the mechanical property of the casting is poor, and the method is only suitable for producing thin-wall parts and parts with complex shapes by casting alloy with good casting performance and is not suitable for producing deformed alloy part products with poor casting performance.
Double extrusion casting: the lower punch ascends to extrude (namely, the first extrusion), and after the liquid or semi-solid metal poured into the material cylinder is filled into the floating closed cavity, the upper punch descends to directly extrude (namely, the second extrusion) the casting. The process is easy to form compact (secondary extrusion part) and complex parts, but special equipment for secondary extrusion (namely, double extrusion) which is precisely controlled by a computer is required to be arranged, and the cost is higher. And because the reaction speed of mechanical or hydraulic equipment is not timely, the method has great limitation in practical application.
In view of the above, it is an urgent need in the industry to develop a simple, efficient and low-cost extrusion casting process, and an extrusion casting mold is the most critical core technology of extrusion casting.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an extrusion casting die and a process method aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the process method integrates the advantages of indirect extrusion casting, direct extrusion casting and double extrusion casting, can realize the production of multiple parts in one die, improves the production efficiency, and realizes the production of large complex composite material castings of metals or alloys with multiple components such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy, ferrous metal and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an extrusion casting die comprises an upper die and a lower die, wherein a first cavity surface, a first inner pouring road surface and a liquid storage tank are arranged on the upper side of the lower die; a second cavity surface, a second inner pouring channel surface and an extrusion punch are arranged on the lower side of the upper die, and the second cavity surface, the second inner pouring channel surface and the extrusion punch are opposite to the first cavity surface, the first inner pouring channel surface and the liquid storage tank respectively; when the upper die and the lower die are assembled, the second cavity surface and the first cavity surface are enclosed into a cavity from top to bottom, the second inner pouring channel surface and the first inner pouring channel surface are enclosed into an inner pouring channel from top to bottom, two ends of the inner pouring channel are respectively communicated with the cavity and the liquid storage tank, and the extrusion punch head extends into the liquid storage tank; after installation, the upper die and the lower die are respectively installed on an upper workbench and a lower workbench of a hydraulic press or a vertical extrusion casting machine.
Preferably, the number of the first cavity surface, the first inner runner surface, the liquid storage tank, the second cavity surface, the second inner runner surface and the extrusion punch is one or more, so that the number of the cavity and the inner runner is one or more.
Preferably, the reservoir is provided outside and/or inside the first cavity surface.
Preferably, when the number of the liquid storage tanks is multiple, the liquid or semi-solid metal components contained in each liquid storage tank are the same or different before extrusion casting. A plurality of metals or alloys of different compositions can be simultaneously poured into each reservoir to produce composite castings.
An extrusion casting process method implemented by using the extrusion casting die comprises the following steps:
1) die sinking and pouring
Preheating an upper die and a lower die, and quantitatively pouring liquid or semisolid metal into a liquid storage tank in a die opening state;
2) die assembly extrusion
Starting a hydraulic press or a vertical extrusion casting machine, enabling an upper die to descend, and completing the following processes:
2.1) closing the upper die and the lower die;
2.2) the extrusion punch head rapidly descends, and when the extrusion punch head contacts the upper surface of the liquid or semi-solid metal in the liquid storage tank, the extrusion punch head is pressurized to descend to push the liquid or semi-solid metal in the liquid storage tank to fill the cavity through the ingate;
2.3) after the liquid or semi-solid metal is filled, the extrusion punch head continues to pressurize and descend, and simultaneously apply certain mechanical pressure and maintain pressure for certain time to the metal in the die cavity, the ingate and the liquid storage tank, so that the metal is simultaneously formed, crystallized and solidified into a casting under high pressure;
3) mold opening and taking part
And in the state of opening the die, taking out the casting, and cutting off the redundant part except the corresponding part of the die cavity to obtain an extrusion casting product.
Preferably, in the step 1), the preheating temperature of the upper die and the lower die is 100-300 ℃, a release agent is sprayed on the lower side surface of the upper die and the upper side surface of the lower die in advance and dried, and the pouring temperature of the liquid or semi-solid metal is +/-200 ℃ of the liquidus temperature of the metal.
Preferably, the rapid descending speed of the extrusion punch in the step 2.2) is 100-500 mm/s, and the pressurizing descending speed is 10-500 mm/s; in the step 2.3), the injection specific pressure of the extrusion punch is 40-500 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is recorded as t seconds, the average wall thickness of the casting is recorded as delta millimeters, and the numerical values of t and delta satisfy the relation: t is δ × (0.1 to 10).
Preferably, the metal poured into the liquid storage tank in the step 1) is one or more of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy and ferrous metal, and the extrusion casting product obtained in the step 3) is an extrusion casting compounded by one or more of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy and ferrous metal.
Compared with the prior art, the extrusion casting die has a simple structure, and the extrusion casting process method implemented by utilizing the extrusion casting die integrates the advantages of indirect extrusion casting, direct extrusion casting and double extrusion casting into a whole, so that the following advantages can be realized:
the extrusion casting die is provided with a liquid storage tank and an inner pouring channel as in indirect extrusion casting, can control the mold filling speed of liquid or semi-solid metal, and can keep part of oxide skin, slag and crystalline hard shells in a material cake without flowing into casting metal, and can be used as in direct extrusion casting to solidify the casting under direct pressure so as to compact the casting structure and avoid casting cracks, so that the alloy with poor casting performance can be produced by the method; the invention can produce thin-wall and complex castings like indirect extrusion casting, can also produce thick-wall castings like direct extrusion casting, has compact casting structure and better mechanical property, can further improve the mechanical property of the castings through solution heat treatment subsequently, leads the mechanical property of the castings to be close to or reach the level of forgings with the same components, and leads the obtained casting products to be capable of being brazed;
secondly, the process method can be used for producing the alloys with poor casting performance and crack resistance, such as wrought alloys and the like;
the process method can eliminate direct extrusion casting cold shut, and reduce the defects of abnormal segregation and inclusion of extrusion casting;
and fourthly, after a plurality of cavities, a plurality of liquid storage tanks and a plurality of extrusion punches are arranged, the process method can realize the production of a plurality of pieces by one die, improve the production efficiency and realize the production of large complex composite material castings of metals or alloys with a plurality of components such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy, ferrous metal and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing an open state of an extrusion casting mold before casting in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a view showing a mold clamping state of the extrusion casting mold in example 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view showing an open state of an extrusion casting die in taking out a part in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a view showing an opened state of an extrusion casting mold before pouring in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a view showing a mold clamping state of the extrusion casting mold in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a view showing an open state of an extrusion casting die in taking out a part in example 2;
FIG. 8 is a view showing an opened state of an extrusion casting mold before pouring in example 3;
FIG. 9 is a view showing a mold clamping state of the extrusion casting mold in example 3;
FIG. 10 is a view showing an open state of an extrusion casting die in taking out a part in example 3;
FIG. 11 is a view showing an opened state of an extrusion casting mold after pouring in example 4;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the state where the squeeze punch of example 4 is moved down to contact the upper surface of the molten metal in the reservoir;
FIG. 13 is a view showing the state in which part of the molten metal in the extrusion punch is pressurized and moved down to the reservoir and the cavity is filled with the molten metal from the top to the top via the ingate in example 4;
FIG. 14 is a view showing the state after the extrusion punch is pressed down to the molten metal charging type in example 4;
FIG. 15 is a view showing an open state of an extrusion casting mold in taking out a work in example 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The extrusion casting mold of example 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, includes an upper mold 1 and a lower mold 2, and a first cavity surface 21, a first ingate surface 22, and a reservoir 23 are provided on an upper side of the lower mold 2; a second cavity surface 11, a second inner casting road surface 12 and an extrusion punch 13 are arranged on the lower side of the upper die 1, and the second cavity surface 11, the second inner casting road surface 12 and the extrusion punch 13 are respectively opposite to the first cavity surface 21, the first inner casting road surface 22 and the liquid storage tank 23; when the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 are closed, the second cavity surface 11 and the first cavity surface 21 are enclosed to form a cavity 31, the second inner pouring gate surface 12 and the first inner pouring gate surface 21 are enclosed to form an inner pouring gate 32, two ends of the inner pouring gate 32 are respectively communicated with the cavity 31 and the liquid storage tank 23, and the extrusion punch head extends into the liquid storage tank 23; after installation, the upper and lower dies 1 and 2 are mounted on upper and lower tables (not shown in the drawings) of a hydraulic press or a vertical squeeze casting machine, respectively.
A squeeze casting process method carried out using the squeeze casting die of example 1, comprising the steps of:
1) die sinking and pouring
Preheating the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 to 100-300 ℃, spraying a release agent on the lower side surface of the upper die 1 and the upper side surface of the lower die 2 in advance, and drying; in the mold opening state, a certain amount of 6063 aluminum liquid is quickly and smoothly poured into a liquid storage tank 23 through a pouring ladle 4 within 0.1-3 s, the pouring temperature is 550-850 ℃, and the aluminum liquid must smoothly flow and cannot roll in the pouring process;
2) die assembly extrusion
Starting a hydraulic press or a vertical extrusion casting machine, enabling the upper die 1 to descend, and completing the following processes:
2.1) closing the upper die 1 and the lower die 2;
2.2) the extrusion punch 13 rapidly descends at a speed of 100-500 mm/s, when the extrusion punch 13 contacts the upper surface of the aluminum liquid in the liquid storage tank 23, the extrusion punch 13 is rapidly switched to a pressurizing mode, and the extrusion punch 13 rapidly descends at a speed of 10-500 mm/s in a pressurizing mode to push the aluminum liquid in the liquid storage tank 23 to be filled into the cavity 31 through the inner pouring gate 32;
2.3) after the molten aluminum is filled, continuously pressurizing and descending the extrusion punch 13, simultaneously applying a certain mechanical pressure (the injection specific pressure is 40-500 MPa) to the molten aluminum in the cavity 31, the ingate 32 and the reservoir 23, and maintaining the pressure for a certain time, so that the molten aluminum is simultaneously formed, crystallized and solidified under high pressure to form a casting 5, wherein the pressure maintaining time is recorded as t seconds, the average wall thickness of the casting is recorded as delta millimeters, and the values of t and delta satisfy the relation: t is δ × (0.1 to 10);
3) mold opening and taking part
In the state of opening the die, after taking out the casting 5, cutting off the redundant part except the corresponding part of the die cavity 31 to obtain an extrusion casting product; and spraying the release agent on the lower side surface of the upper die 1 and the upper side surface of the lower die 2 again and drying the release agent, so that another production cycle can be started.
The extrusion casting mold according to embodiment 2 is different from embodiment 1 in that, in embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 5 to 7, the number of the first cavity surface 21 and the second cavity surface 11 is one, the number of the first ingate surface 22, the second ingate surface 12, the reservoir 23, and the extrusion punch 13 is two, the number of the cavities 31 and the ingates 32 is two, and the reservoir 23 is provided outside the two first cavity surfaces 21.
The extrusion molding die of embodiment 3 differs from embodiment 1 in that, in embodiment 3, as shown in fig. 8 to 10, the number of the first cavity surface 21, the first inner runner surface 22, the second cavity surface 11, and the second inner runner surface 12 is two, the number of the reservoir 23 and the extrusion punch 13 is one, and thus the number of the cavity 31 and the inner runner 32 is two, and the reservoir 23 is provided inside the two first cavity surfaces 21, that is, the reservoir 23 is provided between the two first cavity surfaces 21.
The extrusion casting mold of embodiment 4 is different from embodiment 1 in that, in embodiment 4, as shown in fig. 11 to 15, the number of the first cavity surface 21 and the second cavity surface 11 is two, the number of the first ingate surface 22 and the second ingate surface 12 is four, and the number of the liquid reservoir 23 and the extrusion punch 13 is three, so that the number of the cavities 31 is two, the number of the ingates 32 is four, one liquid reservoir 23 is provided inside the two first cavity surfaces 21, and two liquid reservoirs 23 are provided outside the two first cavity surfaces 21.
In the squeeze casting process method performed by the squeeze casting mold of example 4, in the mold opening and pouring step, a certain amount of copper alloy is poured into the liquid storage tanks 23 inside the two first cavity surfaces 21, and a required amount of aluminum alloy is poured into both the liquid storage tanks 23 outside the two first cavity surfaces 21, and the pouring operation of the copper alloy and the aluminum alloy is performed simultaneously, and finally, a bimetal composite casting 6 composed of the copper alloy and the aluminum alloy is obtained by squeeze casting.
Claims (8)
1. The extrusion casting die is characterized by comprising an upper die and a lower die, wherein a first cavity surface, a first inner pouring road surface and a liquid storage tank are arranged on the upper side of the lower die; a second cavity surface, a second inner pouring channel surface and an extrusion punch are arranged on the lower side of the upper die, and the second cavity surface, the second inner pouring channel surface and the extrusion punch are opposite to the first cavity surface, the first inner pouring channel surface and the liquid storage tank respectively; when the upper die and the lower die are assembled, the second cavity surface and the first cavity surface are enclosed into a cavity from top to bottom, the second inner pouring channel surface and the first inner pouring channel surface are enclosed into an inner pouring channel from top to bottom, two ends of the inner pouring channel are respectively communicated with the cavity and the liquid storage tank, and the extrusion punch head extends into the liquid storage tank; after installation, the upper die and the lower die are respectively installed on an upper workbench and a lower workbench of a hydraulic press or a vertical extrusion casting machine.
2. The extrusion casting mold as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the first cavity surface, the first inner runner surface, the reservoir, the second cavity surface, the second inner runner surface and the extrusion punch is one or more, respectively, so that the number of the cavity and the inner runner is one or more, respectively.
3. The extrusion casting mold as claimed in claim 2, wherein said reservoir is provided outside and/or inside said first cavity surface.
4. A squeeze casting mold according to claim 3, wherein said reservoirs are provided in a plurality of numbers, and the liquid or semi-solid metal contained in each of said reservoirs is of the same or different composition prior to squeeze casting.
5. A squeeze casting process method carried out using the squeeze casting die of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) die sinking and pouring
Preheating an upper die and a lower die, and quantitatively pouring liquid or semisolid metal into a liquid storage tank in a die opening state;
2) die assembly extrusion
Starting a hydraulic press or a vertical extrusion casting machine, enabling an upper die to descend, and completing the following processes:
2.1) closing the upper die and the lower die;
2.2) the extrusion punch head rapidly descends, and when the extrusion punch head contacts the upper surface of the liquid or semi-solid metal in the liquid storage tank, the extrusion punch head is pressurized to descend to push the liquid or semi-solid metal in the liquid storage tank to fill the cavity through the ingate;
2.3) after the liquid or semi-solid metal is filled, the extrusion punch head continues to pressurize and descend, and simultaneously apply certain mechanical pressure and maintain pressure for certain time to the metal in the die cavity, the ingate and the liquid storage tank, so that the metal is simultaneously formed, crystallized and solidified into a casting under high pressure;
3) mold opening and taking part
And in the state of opening the die, taking out the casting, and cutting off the redundant part except the corresponding part of the die cavity to obtain an extrusion casting product.
6. The extrusion casting process method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 1), the preheating temperature of the upper die and the lower die is 100-300 ℃, the release agent is sprayed on the lower side surface of the upper die and the upper side surface of the lower die in advance and dried, and the pouring temperature of the liquid or semi-solid metal is +/-200 ℃ of the liquidus temperature of the metal.
7. The extrusion casting process method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2.2), the rapid descending speed of the extrusion punch is 100-500 mm/s, and the pressurizing descending speed is 10-500 mm/s; in the step 2.3), the injection specific pressure of the extrusion punch is 40-500 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is recorded as t seconds, the average wall thickness of the casting is recorded as delta millimeters, and the numerical values of t and delta satisfy the relation: t is δ × (0.1 to 10).
8. The extrusion casting process method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the metal poured into the liquid storage tank in the step 1) is one or more of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy and ferrous metal, and the extrusion casting product obtained in the step 3) is an extrusion casting compounded by one or more of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy and ferrous metal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111327018.9A CN114130989A (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Extrusion casting die and technological method |
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| CN202111327018.9A CN114130989A (en) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Extrusion casting die and technological method |
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