CN103990775A - Metal extruding, casting and forging forming method and products of method - Google Patents
Metal extruding, casting and forging forming method and products of method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103990775A CN103990775A CN201410251953.5A CN201410251953A CN103990775A CN 103990775 A CN103990775 A CN 103990775A CN 201410251953 A CN201410251953 A CN 201410251953A CN 103990775 A CN103990775 A CN 103990775A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metal extruding, casting and forging forming method and products of the method, and particularly relates to the extruding, casting and forging forming method of light alloy or light alloy composite materials in the same die, and the products of the method. The extrusion casting technology and the continuous casting and continuous forging technology are improved, and the method mainly solves the problem that the plastic deformation of the continuous-casting and continuous-forging critical deformation. According to the technical scheme, an unfilled cavity is reserved at the casting stage, the volume of the cavity needs to be larger than the size corresponding to the workpiece forging critical deformation, and then at the forging stage, through plunger extrusion, the cavity is fully filled in the plastic deformation process or grain refinement filling process. The method is a novel metal hot working forming method, casting, forging and semi-solid state processing are integrated, and the method is suitable for manufacturing high-performance force bearing parts and airtight parts like aluminum wheels and connecting rods.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to manufacturing process and goods thereof, the especially light-alloy of metal or metal-base composites or manufacturing process and the goods thereof that light-alloy composite completes casting, forges in same set of mould.
Background technology
Extrusion casint and die forging all belong to existing metal heat processing and forming method.Extrusion casint is that liquid metal material is full of to mold cavity under gravity or mechanical force, then makes molten metal crystallization and freezing under elevated pressures.Weak point is, though extruding specific pressure, higher than Castingother method, but still can not make workpiece produce obvious plastic deformation.
Die forging is to solid metallic blank heating, then puts into forging die, and after forging press pressurization, solid metallic blank produces plastic deformation and is full of forging die cavity.Die forging is mainly applicable to the workpiece of simple shape; For complex-shaped workpiece, the machined cutting output of forging is more much bigger than foundry goods, and therefore the production cost of die forging part is higher than extrusion casint.
Existing semi-solid metal forming method is first by processing such as machinery, electromagnetic agitation or ultrasonic waves, prepare the semi solid slurry of spherical or nearly spheric grain or by semi-solid blank remelting, control again fraction solid and in solid-liquid mixture, account for 35%～65%, then pressurize semi solid slurry is filled to mold cavity, and solidify completely under pressure.The feature of semi-solid state forming technique is: before filling die cavity, must have a process of preparing spherical or nearly spheric grain semi solid slurry.
Existing casting-forging process integration is first to make strand with mold, then after strand is reheated, puts into forging die and forge; Need two molds, two complete equipments, twice heating, production cost is high.Can be with reference to Chinese patent " cast forging process of aluminum vehicle wheel " (application number 200580012476.6), " combination process for casting and forging of connecting rod " (application number 85106018).
Existing continuous casting continuous forging technology is the development to extrusion casint, casting-forging process integration etc., is characterized in: metal material is full of mold cavity under liquid state, after it solidifies, at once the solid-state metallic material in same set of mould is forged; Because its forging amount is the formation such as shrinkage cavity and porosity, pore and solidification shrinkage based on filling up workpiece, therefore forging amount is less than normal, be generally less than and forge critical strain amount, so that workpiece amount of plastic deformation is less than die forging.This technology can be with reference to " continuous casting continuous forging technology ", and Chen Ping Guang, Chen Kun write, China Machine Press's in April, 2004 first edition; Chinese patent " method of metal fluid die-casting forging dual control once-forming " (application number 200410052493.X).
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of extruding metal autoform method, be less than the deficiency of forging critical strain amount to overcome continuous casting continuous forging workpiece amount of plastic deformation; Another object of the present invention is to provide metal or the metal-base composite-material product prepared by described extruding metal autoform method.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is such, and a kind of extruding metal autoform method is included in same set of mould and completes casting, forging, it is characterized in that, comprises following steps and process conditions:
Step 1, equipment is prepared, mould is prepared, molten metal is prepared; The pouring temperature of described molten metal must not be higher than this material the pouring temperature in extrusion casint or gravitational casting;
Step 2, matched moulds, locked mode;
Step 3, casting; Adopt gravity-assist pouring or low pressure casting or drift injection or electromagnetic pouring mode, quantitative molten metal is injected to die cavity, running channel or the extrusion chamber of mould, but die cavity can not all be full of, be full of again but wait until step 4; The volume of described not filling die cavity need be greater than workpiece and forge the corresponding volume of critical strain amount;
Step 4, forges; By one or more plunger, the metal material in same mould is applied once or once above extruding, until die cavity is full of; The extruding specific pressure of described extruding need be greater than the elevated temperature strength limit of metal material in the time of final forging temperature, and extruding beginning condition is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity reaches more than 35%;
Step 5, pressurize; Die cavity is full of rear continuation and keeps extruding force; Dwell time is looked the difference of workpiece, within 1-1800 second, chooses;
Step 6, removes locked mode, die sinking, ejects pickup.
Further, described extruding metal autoform method, is characterized in that: the pouring temperature in extrusion casint or gravitational casting is low by 5%～15% than this material for the pouring temperature of the molten metal described in step 1.
Further, described extruding metal autoform method, is characterized in that: the extruding specific pressure described in step 4 is greater than the compressive yield strength of metal material in the time of room temperature.
Further, described extruding metal autoform method, is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes 65%.
Further, described extruding metal autoform method, extruding specific pressure described in step 4 is greater than the compressive yield strength of metal material in the time of room temperature, it is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes 65%.
Further, described extruding metal autoform method, is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 be in die cavity metal material all solidified and temperature range lower than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature.
Further, described extruding metal autoform method, extruding specific pressure described in step 4 is greater than the compressive yield strength of metal material in the time of room temperature, it is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 be in die cavity metal material all solidified and temperature range lower than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature.
Preferably, described extruding metal autoform method, workpiece material is ZL101A aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that: also comprise following process conditions, aluminium liquid pouring temperature is 615～685 DEG C, described in step 3, the volume of filling die cavity need not be greater than 15%, and pushing specific pressure described in step 4 is 150～350MPa, and extruding beginning condition is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes 50% or 65%.
By metal or metal-base composite-material product that in above-mentioned extruding metal autoform method prepared by any one method.
Preferably, ZL101A aluminum-alloy wheel, the load part prepared by aforementioned metal extruding autoform method.
Beneficial effect: adopt technical scheme of the present invention, can realize workpiece amount of plastic deformation and be greater than and forge critical strain amount, and cost approaches foundry goods, performance and reach or approach the effect of forging.The low workpiece of pouring temperature performance is good; And the misrun casting flaw that low temperature may cause can be eliminated by the plastic deformation filling of forging.Under solid-liquid mixture state, start extruding at metal material, can have the effect of part semi-solid processing concurrently, but the present invention does not need complicated making semisolid slurry process.The present invention does not also make the operation of strand for die forging, post bake in advance.The present invention is in same set of mould, the innovation that casting, forging, semi-solid processing three are merged.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for being convenient to explain the present invention together with embodiment, but is not construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of extruding metal autoform method.
In figure: 1-squeeze cylinder, 20-plunger, 21-plunger bushing, 3-extrusion chamber, 4-cast gate, 50-is filling die cavity not, the metal material after 51-cast, the workpiece after 52-forges, 61-counterdie, 62-side form, 63-patrix, 7-push rod, 8-side form cylinder, 9-base plate.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with a preferred embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, the invention will be further described.
The present embodiment provides a kind of extruding metal autoform method and goods thereof, is that a kind of trade mark is the aluminum-alloy wheel of ZL101A (U.S. trade mark A356.2, Japanese trade mark AC4CH), and it comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the preparations such as equipment, mould, aluminium liquid; Equipment can be special extruding casting forging equipment or liquid forging extruder, the die casting machine etc. of reequiping; Mould comprises counterdie (61), side form (62), patrix (63), plunger (20), plunger bushing (21) etc., also can there is no side form; Allow one-mold multiple-member; It is upper that mould is arranged on base plate (9), needs cleaning, spray paint, is preheated to 150-300 DEG C of left and right, while production continuously, can enable equipment for cooling die; Aluminium liquid pouring temperature after refining degasification is controlled at 615～685 DEG C, more approaches liquidus temperature better; The pouring temperature of ZL101A in extrusion casint, gravitational casting or low pressure casting is generally 690～720 DEG C;
Step 2, matched moulds, locked mode; First matched moulds is poured into a mould preferentially again; If first pour into a mould the mode of matched moulds, filling and forging, unfavorable to the dimensional uniformity of goods, meanwhile, whole patrix is made extruding drift again, and equipment needed thereby tonnage increases greatly; According to general knowledge, clamp force need be greater than swollen type power, and available side form cylinder (8) or other clamping mechanism etc. are realized locked mode;
Step 3, casting; Adopt gravity-assist pouring or other pouring type, quantitative aluminium liquid is injected to die cavity, running channel or the extrusion chamber (3) of mould, but die cavity can not all be full of, be full of again but wait until step 4, i.e. reserved not filling die cavity (50); The volume of described not filling die cavity need be greater than workpiece and forge the corresponding volume of critical strain amount, required to treat follow-up plastic history, can achieve the goal by control diameter of plunger etc.; Also can design technology further chambers as a part for filling die cavity not; Metal material in extrusion chamber need be slightly more than the not volume of filling die cavity; For aluminium alloy, forge critical strain amount generally 12%～15%; Cast gate (4) can be one or more, and pouring position can be teeming, rising pouring or side note, or several cast gate is poured into a mould simultaneously; In cast gate, can place filtration object;
Step 4, forges; With the squeeze cylinder on equipment (1) by one or more plunger (20) to losing the metal material (51) of routine casting mobility in same mould and apply once or once above extruding, until die cavity is full of, and be the stowing operation as leading taking plastic deformation or grain refinement; Can adopt if desired the mode of pushing or pushing up and down simultaneously under plunger; While having local extruding plunger, can synchronously push with main plunger, also can asynchronously push; Extruding specific pressure is 150～350MPa or higher, and more forging effect is stronger for extruding specific pressure, but equipment needed thereby tonnage is larger; The solidus temperature of ZL101A aluminium alloy is 545 DEG C, and final forging temperature is 380 DEG C, and best plastic deformation temperatures interval is about 450-550 DEG C; Extrusion speed regulates according to different workpieces, to be conducive to plastic deformation as principle; Extruding beginning condition is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes 50% or 65%; If without External Force Acting, solid-liquid mixture generally just starts to lose casting fluidity after fraction solid exceedes 35%; Fraction solid more its mobility is poorer, and simultaneously plastic deformation effect is better, but required extruding force, clamp force are larger; In actual production, also can control extruding beginning condition by extruding time started or mold temperature etc.;
Step 5, pressurize; Die cavity is full of rear continuation and keeps extruding force; Dwell time is looked the difference of workpiece, within 1-1800 second, chooses; The dwell time of ZL101A aluminum-alloy wheel is generally 5-60 second;
Step 6, removes locked mode, die sinking, and push rod (7) ejects the workpiece (52) after forging; Pushing method ejects on can being, ejects etc. under can being also.
The present invention is particularly useful for preparing high performance light-alloy load part, air-tightness part, as wheel, connecting rod, brake pump etc.Material can be casting alloy, deforming alloy or metal-base composites; The semi solid slurry of having prepared also can be used for the present invention.
The present invention has more than and is limited to above-mentioned embodiment, adopts the mode identical or approximate with the above embodiment of the present invention, and the extruding metal autoform method and the goods thereof that obtain, all in the definite scope of patent protection of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an extruding metal autoform method, is included in same set of mould and completes casting, forging, it is characterized in that, comprises following steps and process conditions:
Step 1, equipment is prepared, mould is prepared, molten metal is prepared; The pouring temperature of described molten metal must not be higher than this material the pouring temperature in extrusion casint or gravitational casting;
Step 2, matched moulds, locked mode;
Step 3, casting; Adopt gravity-assist pouring or low pressure casting or drift injection or electromagnetic pouring mode, quantitative molten metal is injected to die cavity, running channel or the extrusion chamber of mould, but die cavity can not all be full of, be full of again but wait until step 4; The volume of described not filling die cavity need be greater than workpiece and forge the corresponding volume of critical strain amount;
Step 4, forges; By one or more plunger, the metal material in same mould is applied once or once above extruding, until die cavity is full of; The extruding specific pressure of described extruding need be greater than the elevated temperature strength limit of metal material in the time of final forging temperature, and extruding beginning condition is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity reaches more than 35%;
Step 5, pressurize; Die cavity is full of rear continuation and keeps extruding force; Dwell time is looked the difference of workpiece, within 1-1800 second, chooses;
Step 6, removes locked mode, die sinking, ejects pickup.
2. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the pouring temperature in extrusion casint or gravitational casting is low by 5%～15% than this material for the pouring temperature of the molten metal described in step 1.
3. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the extruding specific pressure described in step 4 is greater than the compressive yield strength of metal material in the time of room temperature.
4. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes 65%.
5. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes 65%.
6. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 be in die cavity metal material all solidified and temperature range lower than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature.
7. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the extruding beginning condition described in step 4 be in die cavity metal material all solidified and temperature range lower than solidus temperature, higher than final forging temperature.
8. extruding metal autoform method according to claim 1, workpiece material is ZL101A aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that: also comprise following process conditions, aluminium liquid pouring temperature is 615～685 DEG C, described in step 3, the volume of filling die cavity need not be greater than 15%, described in step 4, pushing specific pressure is 150～350MPa, and extruding beginning condition is that the fraction solid of solid-liquid mixture in die cavity exceedes 50% or 65%.
9. metal or the metal-base composite-material product prepared by the extruding metal autoform method one of claim 1-7 Suo Shu.
10. ZL101A aluminum-alloy wheel, the load part prepared by extruding metal autoform method claimed in claim 8.
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| CN104368790A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-02-25 | 创金美科技（深圳）有限公司 | Metal liquid-state fluctuation high pressure casting and forging once-molding method |
| CN104625014A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-20 | 太原科技大学 | Train wheel nearly-solid pressure forming method |
| CN104815974A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-05 | 同济大学 | Liquid metal forging device and application method thereof |
| CN105014038A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-04 | 湖州鑫霸液压机制造有限公司 | Residual material recycling device of multi-station die-casting machine |
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| CN109158519A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-08 | 覃芬兰 | A kind of aluminium alloy wheel hub casting forging equipment |
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| CN114260414A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-01 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Magnesium alloy wheel hub forging device |
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| CN116516189A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-08-01 | 中北大学 | Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel |
| CN116516189B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-10-20 | 中北大学 | Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel |
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