CN116516189B - Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel - Google Patents
Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116516189B CN116516189B CN202310769859.8A CN202310769859A CN116516189B CN 116516189 B CN116516189 B CN 116516189B CN 202310769859 A CN202310769859 A CN 202310769859A CN 116516189 B CN116516189 B CN 116516189B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- boss
- forging
- wheel
- magnesium alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a casting and forging forming method of a magnesium alloy wheel, which comprises the steps of smelting, casting forming, uniform annealing, heating, forging forming, heat treatment and the like, wherein a casting blank for casting forming comprises a wheel hub, a wheel spoke, a wheel rim and a wheel rim which are formed preliminarily, the inner diameters of the wheel spoke holes and the wheel hub central hole are larger than those of the wheel spoke holes and the wheel hub central hole required by an actual wheel, a space is reserved for subsequent forging deformation, and the bottom of the casting blank is forged in an extrusion mode to finish shrinkage cavity and accurate forming of the wheel spoke, so that the mechanical property of the wheel spoke is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid metal casting and metal material plastic processing forming, and particularly relates to a magnesium alloy wheel casting and forging forming method.
Background
The wheel is used as one of main bearing members of the vehicle, the hub and the spoke part are connected with the transmission shaft according to the stress characteristics of the wheel under the actual working condition, and bear various alternating load actions such as tension, compression, bending and torsion, and the like, and the stress working condition is relatively complex, so that the requirement on the usability is higher; the rim and the rim part are mainly subjected to torsion and compression stress, and the performance requirement is relatively low. At present, the manufacturing process of the magnesium alloy wheel comprises two casting and forging processes, such as a manufacturing method of a magnesium alloy wheel hub (the patent publication number is CN 100515804C) of Chinese invention patent No. ZL03109034.6, wherein the magnesium alloy wheel hub is prepared by a casting method, and similar patent No. ZL200610086359.0 can be referred to; by adopting a casting method, although the production process is simple, the cost is lower, the material utilization rate is high, but the mechanical property of the material sampled by the body is lower, the tensile strength is only about 200Mpa, the mechanical requirements of the hub and the spoke cannot be met, and the internal structure of the wheel is easy to have casting defects such as looseness, inclusion, air holes and the like, and has poor compactness and low product qualification rate; for example, chinese patent publication No. CN105665610B discloses a forging method of a magnesium alloy automobile hub, and the patent adopts a forging forming method; by adopting the forging method, although the tensile strength of the material reaches about 300Mpa, the internal structure is pure, the compactness is high, the product percent of pass is high, but the process flow is complex, in particular to the forming of the spoke part, in order to improve the mechanical property of the spoke part, complex procedures of multi-pass heating, multi-time die replacement and multi-time preforming material gathering are needed during forging forming, the spoke cannot be directly formed, and the forming efficiency is low and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a casting and forging forming method for a magnesium alloy wheel, which solves the problem that a spoke of the magnesium alloy wheel cannot be directly formed, improves the mechanical property of the spoke, shortens the wheel forming period, improves the material utilization rate, reduces the cost and has high product qualification rate.
To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is: a casting and forging forming method of a magnesium alloy wheel comprises the following steps:
s1 smelting: smelting magnesium alloy according to the component proportion, and performing the procedures of melting, refining, standing and deslagging and purifying to obtain magnesium alloy melt;
s2, casting and forming: preheating a casting mold, pouring a quantitative magnesium alloy melt into a cavity of the casting mold, controlling the pre-distribution of the volume of the magnesium alloy melt at 700-750 ℃, stopping pouring when the magnesium alloy melt is full of the cavity, casting the magnesium alloy melt into a wheel casting blank by adopting an extrusion casting mode, and finally demolding and taking out the casting blank; the casting die comprises a first upper male die and a first lower male die for extruding a magnesium alloy melt and a first side male die for enclosing a die cavity, wherein the first upper male die or the first lower male die is convexly provided with a first boss and a second boss, the first boss is used for forming a hub center hole, the second boss is used for forming a spoke hole, the first upper male die is pressed down to form a hub and a spoke, a gap is reserved between the first upper male die and the first side male die to form a rim and a rim, so that a formed wheel casting blank is provided with a hub, a spoke, a rim and a rim which are formed preliminarily, the inner diameters of the spoke hole and the hub center hole are larger than those of the spoke hole and the hub center hole required by an actual wheel, and a space is reserved for subsequent forging deformation;
s3, uniformly annealing and heating: after the casting blank is cooled to 180-250 ℃, placing the casting blank into a preheated heating furnace with thermal circulation for heating, carrying out homogenizing annealing treatment, heating to 380-420 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-40 hours;
s4, forging and forming: preheating a forging die, heating a casting blank, placing the casting blank into a forging die cavity, forging the bottom of the casting blank in an extrusion mode, controlling the extrusion temperature to be 350 ℃, the extrusion speed to be 1mm/s and the deformation degree to be 35%, wherein the forging die is provided with a second upper male die for extrusion, the positions of the second upper male die, corresponding to a hub center hole and a spoke hole of the casting blank, are respectively provided with a third boss and a fourth boss, the diameter of the third boss is smaller than that of the first boss, and the diameter of the fourth boss is smaller than that of the second boss; deforming the casting blank to flow around the third boss and the fourth boss by extruding the second upper male die until the casting blank fills the cavity, reducing the spoke holes and the hub center holes, completing shrinkage cavity and accurate forming of the spoke, and forging the casting blank to form the wheel; finally, demoulding and taking out the forged wheel;
s5, heat treatment: the forged wheel is heat treated.
Further, in step S2, a first boss and a second boss are provided on the top of the first lower punch, after casting is completed, the first upper punch is moved downward to extrude the magnesium alloy melt until the first upper punch abuts against the first boss and the second boss, thereby extruding the hub center hole and the spoke hole, and then the extrusion state is maintained for 60S, so as to complete casting molding.
Further, in step S2, the bottom surface of the first upper punch and the top surface of the first lower punch are horizontal flat surfaces, the top surfaces of the hub and the spoke of the casting blank are on the same horizontal plane, and the bottom surfaces of the hub, the spoke and the rim are on the same horizontal plane.
Further, in step S2, a release agent is sprayed on the cavity surface of the casting mold, and then preheated to 250±5 ℃.
Further, in step S2, flux and oxide on the surface of the magnesium alloy melt are removed during casting, and CO is used 2 The gas protects the surface of the magnesium alloy melt, and the casting temperature is higher than the extrusion casting temperature.
Further, in step S4, the forging die is further provided with a second lower punch, and a first groove and a second groove which are respectively matched with the third boss and the fourth boss are formed in the top of the second lower punch; and after the heated casting blank is placed in the die cavity, the second upper male die is moved downwards to extrude the bottom of the casting blank, so that the casting blank deforms to flow in the die cavity, the second upper male die is continuously pressed downwards, the third boss and the fourth boss are respectively embedded into the first groove and the second groove, the casting blank flows towards the periphery of the third boss and the fourth boss, the inner diameters of a hub center hole and a spoke hole are reduced, the die cavity is filled with the casting blank, and the forging of the wheel is completed.
Further, the bottom surface of the second upper punch and the top surface of the second lower punch are undulating cambered surfaces, the inner ends of the wheel spokes formed by forging are bent upwards to enable the hub to be integrally convex, and the bottom surface of the rim is concave upwards.
Further, in step S4, graphite is sprayed as a lubricant, the forging die is preheated by an integral heating method at 380±5 ℃, the preheated forging die is mounted on a hydraulic press, and a die heat preservation device is opened to preserve heat of the forging die.
After the scheme is adopted, the gain effect of the invention is as follows:
1. compared with the traditional magnesium alloy wheel forming process, the invention firstly forms the basic wheel shape by casting and then forges the wheel to endow the wheel hub and the wheel spoke with the required mechanical properties; the inner diameters of the hub center hole and the spoke hole of the casting blank are larger than those of the hub center hole and the spoke hole required by an actual wheel, so that the hub and the spoke have deformation space in subsequent forging, and the magnesium alloy melt is estimated and pre-distributed in casting, and in the subsequent forging forming process, casting blank surplus materials can flow towards the positions of the hub center hole and the spoke hole, so that the casting blank can be successfully forged, the hub center hole and the spoke hole are reduced, the mechanical properties of the hub and the spoke are improved, material waste is avoided, and the production cost is saved.
2. The forming method can directly process and form the spoke shape of the wheel through casting and forging, improves the mechanical property of the wheel, avoids complex procedures of heating for multiple times, replacing a die for multiple times and preforming a polymer for multiple times after forging and forming, reduces processing and forming procedures of the spoke shape after forging, is more convenient to operate, shortens the wheel forming period, improves the production efficiency and saves the production cost.
3. The invention realizes the direct forming of the spoke in the forming process of the magnesium alloy wheel by the casting and forging process, not only can form any shape and quantity of spokes, but also improves the mechanical property of the spoke, avoids the repeated material gathering process of the magnesium alloy wheel during the forging and forming process, and the defects of folding, instability, dissatisfaction and the like, ensures the integrity of a metal streamline, realizes the integral plastic forming, improves the mechanical property, and has obvious advantages and huge potential compared with the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a casting mold of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cast slab according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a casting blank according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a forging die of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a wheel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the wheel of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a hub; 2. a spoke; 3. a rim; 4. a rim; 5. spoke holes; 6. a hub central bore; 7. a first upper template; 8. a first upper punch; 9. a first lower template; 10. a first lower punch; 11. a first side punch; 12. a first boss; 13. a second boss; 14. a side mold cylinder; 15. a second upper template; 16. a second upper punch; 17. a second lower die plate; 18. a second lower punch; 19. a second side punch; 20. a third boss; 21. a fourth boss; 22. a first groove; 23. a second groove; 24. a sleeve; 25. a push rod; 26. and (5) ejecting the block.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the wheel manufactured by the present invention comprises a hub 1, spokes 2, a rim 3 and a rim 4, wherein a hub center hole 6 is arranged in the center of the hub 1, the spokes 2 are provided with a plurality of spoke holes 5 formed between adjacent spokes 2.
As shown in fig. 1-7, the cast-forge forming method of the present invention involves two sets of dies, including a casting die and a forging die; the casting die comprises a first upper die plate 7, a first upper punch 8, a first lower die plate 9, a first lower punch 10 and a first side punch 11, wherein the first upper punch 8 is fixed at the bottom of the first upper die plate 7, the first lower punch 10 is fixed at the top of the first lower die plate 9, a first boss 12 and a second boss 13 are convexly arranged at the top of the first lower punch 10 or at the bottom of the first upper punch 8, and a first boss 12 and a second boss 13 are convexly arranged at the top of the first lower punch 10; the first side male dies 11 are arranged on the first lower male dies 10, a plurality of first side male dies 11 are arranged, and the first side male dies 11 are surrounded to form a die cavity; the casting raw material is magnesium alloy melt, the magnesium alloy melt is poured into the cavity of the die, after pouring is completed, the first upper die plate 7 is moved downwards to enable the first upper punch 8 to extrude the magnesium alloy melt until the first upper punch 8 is propped against the first boss 12 and the second boss 13, the extrusion state is maintained, and casting is completed; the first boss 12 and the second boss 13 can extrude the hub center hole 6 and the spoke hole 5, so that a cast blank has the hub 1 and the spoke 2 which are preliminarily formed, and when in extrusion, a gap is left between the first upper punch 8 and the first side punch 11 to form the rim 3 and the rim 4, therefore, the cast blank has the hub 1, the spoke 2, the rim 3 and the rim 4, has the basic shape of the wheel, the casting mold can be adjusted according to the required shape of the wheel, the basic shape of the wheel is formed, and the quantity and the shape of the spoke 2 are adjusted by adjusting the quantity and the shape of the second boss 13. What needs to be specifically stated is: the diameters of the first boss 12 and the second boss 13 are slightly larger, the inner diameters of the hub center hole 6 and the spoke hole 5 are larger than those of the hub center hole 6 and the spoke hole 5 of the finally prepared wheel, and a space is reserved for deformation of a casting blank for subsequent forging, so that the shrinkage cavity and the accurate forming of the wheel spoke 2 can be completed by forging, and the mechanical properties of the hub 1 and the spoke 2 are improved.
Referring to fig. 1, the first casting mold further includes a mold locking mechanism, after the first side male mold 11 is assembled and closed, the mold locking mechanism can be used for locking the mold, the mold locking mechanism is preferably a side male mold 14, the telescopic rods of the plurality of side male molds 14 extend out and laterally push the first side male mold 11 to fix the first side male mold 11, thereby completing mold locking, and the mold locking force of the side male mold 14, namely, the pushing force is greater than the expansion force of the magnesium alloy melt, so that the magnesium alloy melt cannot leak when the first upper male mold 8 extrudes the magnesium alloy melt downwards, and both the inner side and the outer side of the first side male mold 11 are stressed uniformly, so that a casting blank can be better formed; after casting is finished, the telescopic rod of the side die cylinder 14 is retracted so as to be removed from the first side male die 11, and the die locking is released, so that the first side male die 11 is easy to disassemble, and the casting blank can be taken out to finish demoulding, thereby facilitating demoulding.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the casting mold integrally extrudes the magnesium alloy melt to form the basic shape of the wheel, and the bottom surface of the first upper punch 8 and the top surface of the first lower punch 10 are horizontal and straight surfaces, so that the top surfaces of the hub 1 and the spoke 2 of a casting blank are on the same horizontal plane, and the bottom surfaces of the hub 1, the spoke 2 and the rim 3 are on the same horizontal plane, thereby extruding uniformly and avoiding casting defects such as looseness, inclusion, air holes and the like.
As shown in fig. 4-6, the forging die comprises a second upper die plate 15, a second upper punch 16, a second lower die plate 17, a second lower punch 18 and a second side punch 19, wherein the second upper punch 16 is fixed at the bottom of the second upper die plate 15, a third boss 20 and a fourth boss 21 are convexly arranged at the bottom of the second upper punch 16, the diameter of the third boss 20 is smaller than that of the first boss 12, and the diameter of the fourth boss 21 is smaller than that of the second boss 13; the second lower punch 18 is fixed on the top of the second lower die plate 17, and a first groove 22 and a second groove 23 which are respectively matched with the third boss 20 and the fourth boss 21 are arranged on the top of the second lower punch 18; the second side male dies 19 are mounted on the second lower die plate 17, the bottoms of the second side male dies 19 are laterally abutted against the second lower male dies 18, a plurality of second side male dies 19 are arranged, and a die cavity is formed by surrounding the plurality of second side male dies 19; after the heated casting blank is placed in a die cavity, the second upper die plate 15 is pressed down to enable the second upper punch 16 to extrude the bottom of the casting blank, the casting blank is deformed to flow in the die cavity, the second upper die plate 15 is continuously pressed down to enable the third boss 20 and the fourth boss 21 to be respectively embedded into the first groove 22 and the second groove 23, the casting blank flows around the third boss 20 and the fourth boss 21, accordingly the inner diameters of the hub center hole 6 and the spoke hole 5 are reduced, finally the die cavity is filled with the casting blank, and forging of the wheel is completed. The spoke 2 shape of the wheel can be directly formed after forging, the mechanical property of the spoke is improved, complex procedures of heating for multiple times, replacing a die for multiple times and preforming for multiple times after forging and forming a material are avoided, the processing and forming procedures for the spoke 2 shape after forging are reduced, the operation is more convenient, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is saved.
The forging die further comprises a sleeve 24, an ejector rod 25 and an ejector block 26, wherein the sleeve 24 is sleeved on the periphery of the second side male die 19 and is in interference fit with the second side male die 19 to form a die locking, the ejector rod 25 penetrates through the second lower male die 18 and the second lower die plate 17, the bottom end of the ejector rod is exposed, the ejector block 26 is arranged at the top of the ejector rod 25, and the ejector block 26 is preferably arranged at the center position of the second lower male die 18, so that the ejector block 26 can be embedded into the center position of the second lower male die 18, a first groove 22 is formed in the ejector block 26 and is matched with the third boss 20, after forging is completed, the ejector rod 25 moves upwards to push the ejector block 26 to eject a forged wheel, and the die stripping is convenient and quick.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the forging die mainly forges the bottom of the wheel, namely mainly extrudes the wheel hub 1, the wheel spoke 2 and the wheel rim 3, not only reduces the wheel hub center hole 6 and the wheel spoke hole 5, but also forges the wheel hub 1, the wheel spoke 2 and the wheel rim 3 into the required shape, the bottom surface of the second upper punch 16 and the top surface of the second lower punch 18 are undulating cambered surfaces, the bottom of the second upper punch 16 is sequentially provided with a P point position and a q point position of the upper concave from outside to inside, the second upper die 15 pushes the second upper punch 16 downwards, the P point is firstly contacted with a casting blank, the contact area is firstly subjected to plastic deformation, the casting blank is forced to flow in a closed cavity formed between the second upper punch 16 and the second lower punch 18 under the combined action of surface friction, the fourth boss 21 penetrates through the wheel hub 2 and the wheel hub center hole 23, the wheel hub 2 is fully filled with the wheel hub 2 after the fourth boss 21 penetrates through the spoke center hole 23 of the wheel hub 5, and the wheel hub 2 is completely forged, and the mechanical properties of the wheel hub 1 are improved, and the wheel hub 2 is completely and the wheel hub is completely deformed.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a casting and forging forming method of a magnesium alloy wheel, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1 smelting: smelting AZ80 magnesium alloy according to the component proportion, and performing procedures of melting, refining, standing, deslagging and the like to obtain a magnesium alloy melt;
s2, casting and forming: assembling a casting mold, preheating the casting mold to about 250+/-5 ℃, adopting a side mold cylinder 14 to lock the mold, and pouring quantitative magnesium alloy melt into a cavity of the casting mold, wherein if the casting is performed firstly and then the mold is locked, the cooling speed of the magnesium alloy melt is accelerated, so that the magnesium alloy melt is not beneficial to filling the whole cavity; the casting temperature is set in the range of 700-750 ℃, the volume of the required magnesium alloy melt (including the estimated volume such as the required machining allowance) is determined according to the volume of the wheel required by preparation, when the magnesium alloy melt is full of a cavity, casting is stopped, the magnesium alloy melt can be cast into a wheel casting blank by adopting extrusion casting, gravity casting or low-pressure casting modes, the first upper die plate 7 is driven to be pressed down by adopting a press in the extrusion casting mode, the magnesium alloy melt is extruded by the first upper punch 8, the extrusion state is kept for 60 seconds, and casting is completed, wherein the inner diameters of the hub center hole 6 and the spoke hole 5 of the casting blank are respectively d as shown in fig. 2 0 And d 1 The inner diameter of the rim 3 is D, and the height is H; finally, releasing the mould, demoulding and taking out the casting blank;
s3, uniformly annealing and heating: after the casting blank is cooled to 180-250 ℃, removing a pouring auxiliary system of the casting by a horizontal lathe, putting the casting blank into a heating furnace with a heat cycle which is preheated to 300+/-5 ℃ for heating, carrying out homogenizing annealing treatment, heating to 380-420 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-40 hours, and preferably heating to 400 ℃ and carrying out homogenizing treatment for 16 hours;
s4, forging and forming: assembling a forging die, preheating in an integral heating mode at 380+/-5 ℃, mounting the die in a hot state on a 1250T hydraulic press, and simultaneously opening a die heat preservation device; heating a casting blank, then placing the casting blank into a forging die cavity, forging the bottom of the casting blank in an extrusion mode, controlling the extrusion temperature, the extrusion speed and the deformation degree within allowable ranges according to the principle of being beneficial to plastic deformation, and controlling the extrusion temperature to be 350 ℃, the extrusion speed to be 1mm/s and the deformation degree to be 35%; the hydraulic press drives the second upper die plate 15 to move downwards to enable the second upper male die 16 to move downwards to die-cast blanksAfter the casting blank is filled with a closed cavity formed between the second upper punch 16 and the second lower punch 18, completing forging; finally, the upper ejector rod 25 ejects the forged wheel, as shown in fig. 5, the inner diameters of the wheel spoke holes 5 and the hub center holes 6 are d 3 And d 2 The inner diameter of the rim 3 is D, the height is H, and the aperture relation between a cast blank and a wheel formed by forging is: d, d 1 >d 3 ，d 0 >d 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The mechanical properties of the rim 3 and the rim 4 are relatively low, the side surface of the rim 3 and the rim 4 are not main forging parts, so that the inner diameter and the height of the rim 3 are D and H, and almost no change exists;
s5, heat treatment: the wheel formed by forging is subjected to heat treatment of 177 ℃/24 hours, so that the wheel obtains higher comprehensive mechanical properties, the sampling mechanical properties of the spoke 2 part of the wheel are 290-310 Mpa, the yield strength is 200-240 Mpa, the elongation is 7-10%, and the mechanical requirements of the spoke 2 are met.
In the step S2, during casting, flux and oxide on the surface of the magnesium alloy melt should be removed, and CO is used again 2 The gas protects the surface of the magnesium alloy melt, so that casting defects such as inclusions, air holes and the like are avoided; and the casting temperature is slightly higher than that in extrusion casting, so that the magnesium alloy molten metal can flow conveniently, and the cavity is filled.
In the step S2, after the casting mold is assembled, a release agent needs to be sprayed on the surface of a mold cavity, so that the follow-up casting blank demolding is facilitated; in step S4, after the forging die is assembled, graphite is sprayed on the surface of the die cavity to serve as a lubricant, so that extrusion forging and subsequent wheel demoulding are facilitated.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited to the present invention, and all equivalent changes made according to the design key of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheels is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1 smelting: smelting magnesium alloy according to the component proportion, and performing the procedures of melting, refining, standing and deslagging and purifying to obtain magnesium alloy melt;
s2, casting and forming: preheating a casting mold, pouring a quantitative magnesium alloy melt into a cavity of the casting mold, controlling the pre-distribution of the volume of the magnesium alloy melt at 700-750 ℃, stopping pouring when the magnesium alloy melt is full of the cavity, casting the magnesium alloy melt into a wheel casting blank by adopting an extrusion casting mode, and finally demolding and taking out the casting blank; the casting die comprises a first upper male die and a first lower male die for extruding a magnesium alloy melt and a first side male die for enclosing a die cavity, wherein the first upper male die or the first lower male die is convexly provided with a first boss and a second boss, the first boss is used for forming a hub center hole, the second boss is used for forming a spoke hole, the first upper male die is pressed down to form a hub and a spoke, a gap is reserved between the first upper male die and the first side male die to form a rim and a rim, so that a formed wheel casting blank is provided with a hub, a spoke, a rim and a rim which are formed preliminarily, the inner diameters of the spoke hole and the hub center hole are larger than those of the spoke hole and the hub center hole required by an actual wheel, and a space is reserved for subsequent forging deformation;
s3, uniformly annealing and heating: after the casting blank is cooled to 180-250 ℃, placing the casting blank into a preheated heating furnace with thermal circulation for heating, carrying out homogenizing annealing treatment, heating to 380-420 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-40 hours;
s4, forging and forming: preheating a forging die, heating a casting blank, placing the casting blank into a forging die cavity, forging the bottom of the casting blank in an extrusion mode, controlling the extrusion temperature to be 350 ℃, the extrusion speed to be 1mm/s and the deformation degree to be 35%, wherein the forging die is provided with a second upper male die for extrusion, the positions of the second upper male die, corresponding to a hub center hole and a spoke hole of the casting blank, are respectively provided with a third boss and a fourth boss, the diameter of the third boss is smaller than that of the first boss, and the diameter of the fourth boss is smaller than that of the second boss; deforming the casting blank to flow around the third boss and the fourth boss by extruding the second upper male die until the casting blank fills the cavity, reducing the spoke holes and the hub center holes, completing shrinkage cavity and accurate forming of the spoke, and forging the casting blank to form the wheel; finally, demoulding and taking out the forged wheel;
s5, heat treatment: the forged wheel is heat treated.
2. A method of casting and forging a magnesium alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, a first boss and a second boss are provided on the top of the first lower punch, after casting, the first upper punch is moved downward to extrude the magnesium alloy melt until the first upper punch abuts against the first boss and the second boss, thereby extruding the hub center hole and the spoke hole, and then maintaining the extrusion state for 60S, thereby completing casting molding.
3. A method of casting and forging a magnesium alloy wheel as set forth in claim 2, wherein: in step S2, the bottom surface of the first upper punch and the top surface of the first lower punch are horizontal flat surfaces, the top surfaces of the hub and the spoke of the casting blank are on the same horizontal plane, and the bottom surfaces of the hub, the spoke and the rim are on the same horizontal plane.
4. A method of casting and forging a magnesium alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, a release agent is sprayed on the surface of a cavity of the casting mold, and then the mold is preheated to 250+/-5 ℃.
5. A method of casting and forging a magnesium alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, flux and oxide on the surface of the magnesium alloy melt are removed during casting, and CO is used for removing the flux and oxide 2 The gas protects the surface of the magnesium alloy melt, and the casting temperature is higher than the extrusion casting temperature.
6. A method of casting and forging a magnesium alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the forging die is further provided with a second lower punch, and a first groove and a second groove which are respectively matched with the third boss and the fourth boss are formed in the top of the second lower punch; and after the heated casting blank is placed in the die cavity, the second upper male die is moved downwards to extrude the bottom of the casting blank, so that the casting blank deforms to flow in the die cavity, the second upper male die is continuously pressed downwards, the third boss and the fourth boss are respectively embedded into the first groove and the second groove, the casting blank flows towards the periphery of the third boss and the fourth boss, the inner diameters of a hub center hole and a spoke hole are reduced, the die cavity is filled with the casting blank, and the forging of the wheel is completed.
7. A method of casting and forging a magnesium alloy wheel as recited in claim 6, wherein: the bottom surface of the second upper male die and the top surface of the second lower male die are undulating cambered surfaces, and the inner ends of the wheel spokes formed by forging are bent upwards to enable the hub to be integrally convex, and the bottom surface of the rim is concave upwards.
8. A method of casting and forging a magnesium alloy wheel as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step S4, spraying graphite as a lubricant, preheating the forging die in an integral heating mode at 380+/-5 ℃, mounting the preheated forging die on a hydraulic press, and simultaneously starting a die heat preservation device to preserve heat of the forging die.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310769859.8A CN116516189B (en) | 2023-06-28 | 2023-06-28 | Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310769859.8A CN116516189B (en) | 2023-06-28 | 2023-06-28 | Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116516189A CN116516189A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
| CN116516189B true CN116516189B (en) | 2023-10-20 |
Family
ID=87394452
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310769859.8A Active CN116516189B (en) | 2023-06-28 | 2023-06-28 | Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116516189B (en) |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2721577A1 (en) * | 1977-05-13 | 1978-11-16 | Suedrad Gmbh | Deep drawing tool for making automobile wheels - has sharp edge on central boss of punch and die to avoid need for hub-cap |
| CN1429717A (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2003-07-16 | 华北工学院 | Casting extruding compound shaping method of magnesium alloy automobile hub |
| CN101234401A (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2008-08-06 | 中北大学 | Magnesium alloy automobile wheel extrusion molding method and mold |
| CN101474642A (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2009-07-08 | 中北大学 | Multiway shaping method of magnesium alloy wheel and mold |
| WO2012095940A1 (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2012-07-19 | ワシ興産株式会社 | Wheel and method for manufacturing same |
| CN103056611A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-24 | 河北立中有色金属集团有限公司 | Magnesium alloy automobile hub casting spinning compound molding method |
| CN103203602A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-17 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Production method of magnesium alloy hub |
| CN103752751A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-04-30 | 连云港宝石精密重工科技有限公司 | Pre-forging die for forging aluminum alloy wheel |
| CN103990775A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-20 | 支前明 | Metal extruding, casting and forging forming method and products of method |
| CN106984755A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 湖北三环锻造有限公司 | Hub squeezes punching forging mold |
| CN108580778A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-28 | 山东大学 | A kind of forging method of thin-walled depth chamber aircraft wheel hub forging part |
| CN112549846A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-26 | 辽宁忠相铝业有限公司 | Spoke performance improving method applied to liquid die forging hub product |
| CN115041636A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-09-13 | 河南科技大学 | Extrusion casting forming die for magnesium alloy wheel hub |
| CN115041664A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-09-13 | 河南科技大学 | Low-pressure pouring liquid die forging forming die and forming method of automobile wheel |
-
2023
- 2023-06-28 CN CN202310769859.8A patent/CN116516189B/en active Active
Patent Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2721577A1 (en) * | 1977-05-13 | 1978-11-16 | Suedrad Gmbh | Deep drawing tool for making automobile wheels - has sharp edge on central boss of punch and die to avoid need for hub-cap |
| CN1429717A (en) * | 2003-01-27 | 2003-07-16 | 华北工学院 | Casting extruding compound shaping method of magnesium alloy automobile hub |
| CN101234401A (en) * | 2008-03-06 | 2008-08-06 | 中北大学 | Magnesium alloy automobile wheel extrusion molding method and mold |
| CN101474642A (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2009-07-08 | 中北大学 | Multiway shaping method of magnesium alloy wheel and mold |
| WO2012095940A1 (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2012-07-19 | ワシ興産株式会社 | Wheel and method for manufacturing same |
| CN103056611A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-24 | 河北立中有色金属集团有限公司 | Magnesium alloy automobile hub casting spinning compound molding method |
| CN103203602A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-17 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Production method of magnesium alloy hub |
| CN103752751A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2014-04-30 | 连云港宝石精密重工科技有限公司 | Pre-forging die for forging aluminum alloy wheel |
| CN103990775A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-20 | 支前明 | Metal extruding, casting and forging forming method and products of method |
| CN106984755A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 湖北三环锻造有限公司 | Hub squeezes punching forging mold |
| CN108580778A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-09-28 | 山东大学 | A kind of forging method of thin-walled depth chamber aircraft wheel hub forging part |
| CN112549846A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-26 | 辽宁忠相铝业有限公司 | Spoke performance improving method applied to liquid die forging hub product |
| CN115041636A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-09-13 | 河南科技大学 | Extrusion casting forming die for magnesium alloy wheel hub |
| CN115041664A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-09-13 | 河南科技大学 | Low-pressure pouring liquid die forging forming die and forming method of automobile wheel |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| AZ31镁合金多次变形工艺及其在汽车轮毂上的应用;曹亚强;张治民;王强;王智文;;热加工工艺(铸锻版)(03);63-66 * |
| 汽车铝合金车轮成形工艺与模具设计;倪明;王强;袁国;;轻合金加工技术(01);61-63 * |
| 轻合金汽车轮毂的生产方法;滕焕波;冯再新;张治民;;轻合金加工技术(10);19-22+58 * |
| 锻压态AZ80汽车轮毂用镁合金的组织和力学性能研究;袁苗达;束海波;;锻压技术(07);189-192 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116516189A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101376141B (en) | Press forming method of automobile hub and matched forming mold thereof | |
| CN101491873B (en) | Two-step plasticity forming method of vehicle wheel hub and mated forming die | |
| CN106077257B (en) | Almag wheel hub moulding process and equipment | |
| CN110508737B (en) | Wheel hub extrusion forming method | |
| KR100981742B1 (en) | A complex forming apparatus and method for aluminium wheel manufacturing | |
| WO2016192040A1 (en) | Aluminum alloy for forming an axisymmetric article | |
| CN114589284B (en) | One-fire cogging die and method for alloy bar stock and upsetting-extruding-upsetting large deformation method | |
| CN109693083A (en) | A kind of plastic molding method of big L/D ratio titanium alloy shell | |
| CN116516189B (en) | Casting and forging forming method for magnesium alloy wheel | |
| CN109622649A (en) | A kind of magnesium alloy continuous variable cross section large deformation extrusion process forming method | |
| CN115401146A (en) | Forging forming die and forming method for hollow step shaft | |
| CN115041636B (en) | Extrusion casting forming die for magnesium alloy hub | |
| CN109304375B (en) | Multi-male-die step-by-step backward extrusion forming method | |
| CN115026237B (en) | Cold heading die and cold heading process | |
| CN115041664B (en) | Low-pressure casting liquid die forging forming die for automobile wheels and forming method thereof | |
| CN116748494A (en) | Combined die for manufacturing magnesium alloy wheels | |
| CN113319238B (en) | Multidirectional forging forming method for complex aluminum alloy transmission shaft forge piece | |
| CN206614024U (en) | A kind of magnesium alloy hub liquid forging mould | |
| CN113172190B (en) | Forging forming method | |
| CN112658226B (en) | Unequal-thickness deep cavity shell type aluminum alloy component extrusion casting device and using method thereof | |
| CN110523899B (en) | Precise hot processing method and die for flange type magnet yoke for electromagnetic brake clutch | |
| CN113305199B (en) | Combined plastic forming method for magnesium alloy automobile wheels | |
| CN201371216Y (en) | Flaring die for wheel hub of automobile | |
| CN114472575B (en) | Multidirectional hot extrusion forming die and forming method for light saddle-shaped end frame structure | |
| CN111790894A (en) | Forming method of aluminum alloy cast-forged rim for mobile carrier and casting mold thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |