CN113172190B - Forging forming method - Google Patents
Forging forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113172190B CN113172190B CN202110407655.0A CN202110407655A CN113172190B CN 113172190 B CN113172190 B CN 113172190B CN 202110407655 A CN202110407655 A CN 202110407655A CN 113172190 B CN113172190 B CN 113172190B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/008—Incremental forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of die forging processing, in particular to a forging forming method, which comprises the following steps: placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of a first station, forging the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station contacts with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forging; placing the first forging into a die cavity of a lower die of a second station, forging the first forging through an upper die of the second station until the upper die of the first station contacts with the lower die, and forming the first forging into a second forging; the die cavity height of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the lower die of the first station; and placing the second forging into a die cavity of a lower die of the third station, forging the second forging through a boss of an upper die of the third station until the upper die of the third station contacts with the lower die, and forming the second forging into the third forging. Solves the problem of overlarge heat deformation resistance caused by low forging temperature and head deflection in the forging and pressing process of the die forging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die forging processing, in particular to a forging forming method.
Background
Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace and military products due to their excellent properties. An elongated rod die forging is a relatively common die forging form. When the two are combined, the mechanical property requirement of the aerospace and military products is much higher than that of the civil products. On the premise of not changing the material, in order to meet the special performance requirements of the product, a special forming mode, namely near cold work hardening, is needed, namely, die forging is carried out at a temperature near the recrystallization temperature range of the titanium alloy.
However, due to the particularity of the titanium alloy die forging, the deformation resistance is large and the plasticity is poor. When the titanium alloy slender rod type die forging is molded at a lower temperature (the phase transition point is below 100 ℃ and near the recrystallization temperature), the forging is easy to bend; and the titanium alloy has the material characteristic of larger viscosity, is easy to stick to a die and is difficult to form.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forging forming method, which is used for solving the defect that in the prior art, when a titanium alloy slender rod type die forging is formed below a phase transition point and near a recrystallization temperature, the forging is easy to bend, and realizing the effects of solving the problem of forming deflection, and the problems of overlarge heat deformation resistance and head deflection in the forging process of a die forging caused by low forging temperature.
The invention provides a forging forming method, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment:
pre-treating the blank, the upper die and the lower die of the first station, the upper die and the lower die of the second station and the upper die and the lower die of the third station;
performing primary forging;
placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of the first station, forging the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station contacts with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forging;
intermediate forging:
placing the first forging piece into a die cavity of a lower die of the second station, forging the first forging piece through an upper die of the second station until the upper die of the first station contacts with the lower die, and forming the first forging piece into a second forging piece; the die cavity height of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the lower die of the first station;
and (3) final forging:
and placing the second forging into a die cavity of a lower die of the third station, forging the second forging through a boss of an upper die of the third station until the upper die of the third station is in contact with the lower die, and forming the second forging into the third forging.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, in the pretreatment step, the upper die and the lower die of the first station, the upper die and the lower die of the second station and the upper die and the lower die of the third station are preheated, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-250 ℃; preheating the blank, heating to the recrystallization temperature of the blank, and preserving heat for 90-120 min.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, the upsetting deformation of the first forging is 30%, and the upsetting deformation of the second forging is 40%.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, the draft angle of the lower die is 1 degree and 5 degrees, and the draft angle of the upper die of the third station is 7 degrees.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, in the steps of initial forging, intermediate forging and final forging, the forging is ejected out of the die cavity of the lower die through the ejector rod.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, the gap between the upper die and the lower die of the third station is 0.3mm.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, after the final forging step, the forging forming method further comprises the following steps:
and (3) heat treatment:
and (3) annealing the third forging, wherein the heating temperature is 745-755 ℃, preserving heat for 1-1.5 hours, and air cooling.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, before the pretreatment step, the forging forming method further comprises the following steps:
blank preparation:
determining a cavity volume which is increased by 2cm from the cavity height of the lower die of the third station, and converting the volume of the blank according to the cavity volume;
and cutting a rod blank according to the blank volume to obtain the blank.
The invention provides a forging forming method, which is a forming method of an elongated rod type titanium alloy die forging, and is characterized in that a pretreated blank is put into a die forging tool of a pretreated first station to be subjected to preliminary forging to form a first forging, then the first forging is put into a die forging tool of a pretreated second station to be subjected to intermediate forging to form a second forging, and finally the second forging is put into a die forging tool of a pretreated third station to be subjected to final forging to form a third forging. The upper die and the lower die on the three stations are matched to form closed type precise die forging, and the closed type precise die forging is matched with the three-station split die, so that specific performance requirements are met, and the problem of partial material shortage or multiple materials caused by uneven material feeding of the slender rod type titanium alloy die forging is solved. Meanwhile, the method saves redundant metal generated by burrs, saves trimming tools, procedures and raw materials, ensures that the streamline of the forging piece is complete and has no cutting off, and is suitable for products with larger height diameters of die forging blank bars.
The die cavity of the lower die of the three stations is divided into a head part and a rod part from top to bottom, the diameter of the cross section of the head part is larger than that of the cross section of the rod part, the height of the rod part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is equal to that of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, the height of the head part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, namely, under the condition that the forging surfaces of the upper dies of the first station and the second station are both planes, after the first forging enters the die cavity of the lower die of the second work, the rod part is completely matched with the rod part of the die cavity to limit and fix the first forging, the head part is higher than the head part of the die cavity, the upper die of the second station forges the head part which is higher than the head part of the lower die cavity, so the head part of the second forging piece is thicker than the head part of the first forging piece, the die cavity of the lower die of the third station is completely consistent with the die cavity of the lower die of the second station, but the forging surface of the upper die of the third station is a convex part, a concave cavity can be forged out of the head part of the third forging piece, thus the three-station die is adopted to control the deformation degree of each station, the problem of forming deflection is solved through the stability of the prefabricated blank of the first station and the second station, the thermal deformation resistance is overlarge due to low forging temperature, the head deflection problem in the forging process of the die forging piece is ensured, the performance and the structure of the non-deformation area of the lower part of the forging piece are ensured, and the demolding and mass production of the forging piece are ensured
In addition to the technical problems, features of the constituent technical solutions and advantages brought by the technical features of the technical solutions described above, other technical features of the present invention and advantages brought by the technical features of the technical solutions will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings or will be understood through practice of the present invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a forging forming apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of the forging forming apparatus according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
100: a primary forging module; 110: a first upper die; 120: a first lower die; 130: a first mold cavity;
200: a middle forging module; 210: a second upper die; 220: a second lower die; 230: a second mold cavity;
300: a final forging module; 310: a third upper die; 320: a third lower die; 330: a third mold cavity; 311: a boss;
400: a head cavity section; 500: a stem cavity section;
600: a lower mold core; 610: a through hole; 611: a first bore section; 612: a second bore section;
700: an upper module;
800: a lower module; 810: and (5) mounting holes.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" on a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention further provides a forging forming method, which includes:
pretreatment:
pre-treating the blank, the upper die and the lower die of the first station, the upper die and the lower die of the second station and the upper die and the lower die of the third station;
performing primary forging;
placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of a first station, forging the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station contacts with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forging;
intermediate forging:
placing the first forging into a die cavity of a lower die of a second station, forging the first forging through an upper die of the second station until the upper die of the first station contacts with the lower die, and forming the first forging into a second forging; the die cavity height of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the lower die of the first station;
and (3) final forging:
and placing the second forging into a die cavity of a lower die of the third station, forging the second forging through a boss 311 of an upper die of the third station until the upper die of the third station contacts with the lower die, and forming the second forging into the third forging.
The forging forming method comprises the steps of firstly placing a pretreated blank into a pretreated die forging tool of a first station to perform preliminary forging to form a first forging, then placing the first forging into a pretreated die forging tool of a second station to perform intermediate forging to form a second forging, and finally placing the second forging into a pretreated die forging tool of a third station to perform final forging to form a third forging. The upper die and the lower die on the three stations are matched to form closed type precise die forging, and the closed type precise die forging is matched with the three-station split die, so that specific performance requirements are met, and the problem of partial material shortage or multiple materials caused by uneven material feeding of the slender rod type titanium alloy die forging is solved. Meanwhile, the method saves redundant metal generated by burrs, saves trimming tools, procedures and raw materials, ensures that the streamline of the forging piece is complete and has no cutting off, and is suitable for products with larger height diameters of die forging blank bars.
The die cavity of the lower die of the three stations is divided into a head part and a rod part from top to bottom, the diameter of the cross section of the head part is larger than that of the cross section of the rod part, the height of the rod part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is equal to that of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, the height of the head part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, namely, under the condition that the forging surfaces of the upper dies of the first station and the second station are all planes, the rod part is completely matched with the rod part of the die cavity after the first forging enters the die cavity of the lower die of the second station, the first forging is limited and fixed, the head part is higher than the head part of the die cavity, the upper die of the second station forges the higher head part into the head part of the lower die cavity, therefore, the head of the second forging piece is thicker than the head of the first forging piece, the die cavity of the lower die of the third station is completely consistent with the die cavity of the lower die of the second forging piece, but the forging surface of the upper die of the third station is a convex part 311, and a concave cavity can be forged out of the head of the third forging piece.
According to one embodiment provided by the invention, in the pretreatment step, an upper die and a lower die of a first station, an upper die and a lower die of a second station and an upper die and a lower die of a third station are preheated at a preheating temperature of 200-250 ℃; preheating the blank, heating to the recrystallization temperature of the blank, and keeping the temperature for 90-120 min. In this embodiment, after the blank is put into the furnace, heated and kept at a temperature for pretreatment, the blank is discharged and rapidly transferred into the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, and the center of the blank is ensured to coincide with the center of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, so that the blank is not deflected. Preheating the upper die and the lower die of the three stations at 200-250 ℃, heating the blank to the recrystallization temperature, and preserving the heat for 90-120 min. The die forging is carried out at a lower temperature (near the recrystallization temperature) to achieve the effect of near cold work hardening, and specific performance is obtained. Solves the problems of partial material shortage or multiple materials caused by uneven material feeding due to easy deflection of the head of the slender rod type titanium alloy die forging.
Taking TA15 as an example, the transformation temperature is 1000+ -20deg.C, the recrystallization starting temperature is 800 deg.C, and the ending temperature is 950 deg.C. The die forging performance at different temperatures is compared with the following table.
It can be seen that when a temperature of 850℃around the recrystallization temperature is used as the heating temperature for the pretreatment process, part of the mechanical properties can be improved. However, since the heat distortion resistance gradually increases with decreasing temperature, the heat distortion resistance at 800 ℃ is about twice that at 900 ℃. The three-station split die forging can solve the problems of partial material shortage or multiple materials caused by uneven material feeding due to high deformation resistance and easy deflection of the head of the slender rod type forging piece during the conventional die molding.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the upsetting deformation of the first forging is 30% and the upsetting deformation of the second forging is 40%. In this embodiment, after the blank is placed in the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, the upper die forges the blank until the blank is molded in the die cavity, that is, the upper die upsets the blank out of the positioning table, and the head of the first forging forms about 30% of upsetting deformation, so that the positioning size of the blank after the first station is ensured to be accurate. After the first forging piece is placed into the die cavity of the lower die of the second station, the upper die is used for forging the first forging piece until the first forging piece is formed in the die cavity, namely, the upper die is used for upsetting the head of the first forging piece, the head of the second forging piece forms about 40% of upsetting deformation, and the three-station forming method solves the problems of overlarge heat deformation resistance and head deflection in the forging process of the die forging piece caused by low forging temperature.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the draft angle of the lower die is 1 ° and 5 °, and the draft angle of the upper die of the third station is 7 °. In the embodiment, the combination of different draft angles of 7 degrees of the upper die and 1 degree and 5 degrees of the lower die solves the problem that the forging adheres to the die, and can avoid the rejection of the forging and the die caused by the adhesion of the forging to the die. Meanwhile, redundant metal generated by burrs is saved, a set of trimming tool and trimming working procedures are saved, and the streamline integrity of the edge part of the forging is ensured.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the steps of initial forging, intermediate forging and final forging, the forging is ejected from the cavity of the lower die through the ejector pins. After the blank is forged in the die of the first station, the blank sequentially enters the second station and the third station for forging, in the die forging process, the forging is ejected by the lower ejector rod, and the mixed draft angle of 7 degrees of the upper die and 1 degree and 5 degrees of the lower die is matched, so that the problem that the forging is stuck to the die is solved, and the forging and the die rejection caused by sticking the forging to the upper die can be avoided. In this embodiment, the bottom of the lower die in each station is provided with the lower die core 600, the lower die core 600 is provided with the through hole 610 communicated with the die cavity, the ejector rod can enter the die cavity through the through hole 610 to eject the forging out of the die cavity, when the upper end of the ejector rod is located at the through hole 610, the through hole 610 is just plugged, that is, the lower die and the ejector rod enclose the wall surface of the round table-shaped die cavity together for fixing the forging, so that the forging is prevented from being dislocated under the condition of multiple forging. And the production of die forgings with different lengths of the rod parts can be realized through the lower die cores 600 with different combinations, so that the manufacturing cost of related dies is saved.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the gap between the upper die and the lower die of the third station is 0.3mm. In this embodiment, the forging surface of the upper die of the third station has a protruding portion 311, the protruding portion 311 forms a recess on the third forging piece during forging, a gap between the upper die and the lower die is 0.3mm, the gap is too small to facilitate the relative movement of the upper die and the lower die, the gap is too large to facilitate the sealing, and the excessive material is easy to overflow and gnaw the die.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the final forging step, the method further includes:
and (3) heat treatment:
and (3) annealing the third forging, wherein the heating temperature is 745-755 ℃, preserving heat for 1-1.5 hours, and air cooling.
In the embodiment, after the third forging is taken out from the die cavity of the lower die of the third station, annealing heat treatment is performed, the heating temperature of annealing is 750 ℃, the heat preservation is performed for 1.5 hours, and air cooling is performed, so that the forging with the mechanical property meeting the requirement is obtained.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the preprocessing step, the method further includes:
blank preparation:
determining a die cavity volume which is increased by 2cm from the die cavity height of the lower die of the third station, and converting the blank volume according to the die cavity volume;
and cutting the rod blank according to the volume of the blank to obtain the blank.
In the embodiment, in the preparation process of the blank before pretreatment, the preset volume of the blank is calculated, the preset volume of the blank is obtained by calculating the volume after the original height direction of the finished forging to be obtained is increased by 2mm, then the preset volume of the blank is converted into the diameter and the length of a corresponding bar, the blank is sawed by a sawing machine, the volume is converted into the under-pressure amount of closed die forging after the original height of the forging is increased by 2mm during blanking, and the partial filling dissatisfaction caused by partial feeding is avoided. The problem that one side of a forging piece is not full due to the fact that the diameter of a blank is too small and the blank on the other side is too much to produce burrs due to the fact that the blank is placed incorrectly is avoided; or because the diameter is too large, the blank is blocked in the die cavity of the lower die and cannot fall on the ejector rod, so that the blank is placed incorrectly, and the blank is unevenly fed during molding, thereby influencing the final molding.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the forging forming die provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a preliminary forging die set 100, a middle forging die set 200 and a final forging die set 300, the preliminary forging die set 100 includes a first upper die set 110 and a first lower die set 120, the middle forging die set 200 includes a second upper die set 210 and a second lower die set 220, the final forging die set 300 includes a third upper die set 310 and a third lower die set 320, the first lower die set 120, the second lower die set 220 and the third lower die set 320 are respectively provided with a first die cavity 130, a second die cavity 230 and a third die cavity 330, the first die cavity 130, the second die cavity 230 and the third die cavity 330 each include a head cavity section 400 and a rod cavity section 500 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the cross-sectional area of the head cavity section 400 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the shaft cavity section 500, the shaft cavity sections 500 of the first, second and third cavities 130, 230 and 330 are identical, the head cavity sections 400 of the second and third cavities 230 and 330 are identical, the height of the head cavity section 400 of the first cavity 130 is larger than the height of the head cavity section 400 of the second cavity 230, the cross-sectional area of the head cavity section 400 of the first cavity 130 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the head cavity section 400 of the second cavity 230, the forging surfaces of the first and second upper dies 110 and 210 are all planar, the forging surface of the third upper die 310 is configured with a raised portion 311, and the height of the raised portion 311 is smaller than the height of the head cavity section 400 of the cavity of the third lower die 320.
The forging forming die is divided into a primary forging die set 100 positioned at a first station, a middle forging die set 200 positioned at a second station and a final forging die set 300 positioned at a third station, wherein the three die sets are respectively provided with an upper die and a lower die, a die cavity is formed in the lower die, and the upper die is provided with a forging surface.
The pretreated blank is put into the first die cavity 130 of the pretreated initial forging die set 100 for preliminary forging, so as to form a first forging, then the first forging is put into the second die cavity 230 of the pretreated intermediate forging die set 200 for intermediate forging, so as to form a second forging, and finally the second forging is put into the third die cavity 330 of the pretreated final forging die set 300 for final forging, so as to form a third forging. The upper dies of the initial forging die set 100, the middle forging die set 200 and the final forging die set 300 are matched with the lower dies to form closed type precise die forging, and the closed type precise die forging is matched with the three-station split die set, so that specific performance requirements are met, and the problem of partial material shortage or multiple materials caused by uneven material feeding of the slender rod type titanium alloy die forgings is solved. Meanwhile, the method saves redundant metal generated by burrs, saves trimming tools, procedures and raw materials, ensures that the streamline of the forging piece is complete and has no cutting off, and is suitable for products with larger height diameters of die forging blank bars.
The die cavities of the initial forging die set 100, the intermediate forging die set 200 and the final forging die set 300 are divided into a head cavity section 400 and a rod cavity section 500 from top to bottom, the cross-sectional area of the head cavity section 400 is larger than that of the rod cavity section 500, the height of the rod cavity section 500 of the intermediate forging die set 200 is equal to that of the rod cavity section 500 of the initial forging die set 100, the height of the head cavity section 400 of the intermediate forging die set 200 is smaller than that of the head cavity section 400 of the initial forging die set 100, namely, under the condition that the forging surfaces of the first upper die 110 and the second upper die 210 are all plane, after the first forging enters the die cavity of the second lower die 220, the rod is completely matched with the rod cavity section 500 of the second die cavity 230, the first forging is limited and fixed, and the head is higher than the head cavity section 400 of the second die cavity 230, the second upper die 210 forges the head part which is higher into the head cavity section 400 of the second die cavity 230, so that the head of the second forging piece is thicker than the head of the first forging piece, the die cavity of the middle forging die set 200 is completely consistent with the die cavity of the final forging die set 300, but the forging surface of the third upper die 310 is a convex part 311, and a concave cavity can be formed by forging the head of the third forging piece, so that a three-station die set is adopted, the deformation degree of the forging piece during processing of each die set is controlled, the stability of the prefabricated blank at the second station is realized through the initial forging die set 100, the middle forging die set 200 and the middle forging die set 100, the problem of forming deflection is solved, the thermal deformation resistance caused by low forging temperature is overlarge, the head deflection problem in the forging process of the die forging piece is solved, the performance and the structure of a non-deformation area of the lower part of the forging piece are ensured, and the mass production of the forging piece is ensured.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is a gap of 0.3mm between the side wall of the boss 311 and the side wall of the third mold cavity 330. In this embodiment, the forging surface of the third upper die 310 of the final forging die set 300 has a protruding portion 311, the protruding portion 311 forms a recess on the third forging during forging, a gap between the third upper die 310 and the third lower die 320 is 0.3mm, that is, a gap of 0.3mm is formed between the sidewall of the protruding portion 311 and the sidewall of the third die cavity 330, the gap is too small to facilitate the relative movement between the upper die and the lower die, the gap is too large to seal the material, and the excessive material is easy to overflow and damage the die.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the forging forming mold further includes a mandrel and a lower mold core 600, the three lower mold cores 600 may be disposed corresponding to the first lower mold 120, the second lower mold 220 and the third lower mold 320, the three lower mold cores 600 are respectively provided with through holes 610 communicating with the first mold cavity 130, the second mold cavity 230 and the third mold cavity 330, the mandrel may pass through the through holes 610 and enter the mold cavities corresponding to the through holes 610, and the ends of the mandrel block the through holes 610. In this embodiment, a lower mold core 600 is disposed at the bottom of the first lower mold 120, a through hole 610 connected to the first mold cavity 130 is disposed on the lower mold core 600, and a mandrel can enter the first mold cavity 130 through the through hole 610 to eject the first forging out of the first mold cavity 130; a lower mold core 600 is arranged at the bottom of the second lower mold 220, a through hole 610 connected with the second mold cavity 230 is arranged on the lower mold core 600, and a push rod can enter the second mold cavity 230 through the through hole 610 to push out the second forging piece from the second mold cavity 230; a lower mold core 600 is arranged at the bottom of the third lower mold 320, a through hole 610 connected with the third mold cavity 330 is arranged on the lower mold core 600, and a push rod can enter the third mold cavity 330 through the through hole 610 to push out the third forging piece from the third mold cavity 330; when the upper ends of the ejector rods are all positioned at the through holes 610 where the ejector rods are positioned, the through holes 610 where the ejector rods are positioned are just plugged, after the forgings are formed, the ejector rods move upwards, so that the forgings can be ejected out of the die cavity, and the die taking is convenient.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the through hole 610 includes a first hole segment 611 and a second hole segment 612 coaxially disposed from top to bottom, the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 611 is the same as the cross-sectional area of the shaft cavity segment 500 of the mold cavity, and the cross-sectional area of the second hole segment 612 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first hole segment 611. In this embodiment, the through hole 610 in the lower mold core 600 is divided into two sections, that is, the through hole 610 is in a step shape, the through hole 610 and the corresponding mold cavity are coaxially arranged, the cross section area of the first hole section 611 is larger than that of the second hole section 612, the diameter of the cross section of the first hole section 611 is the same as that of the cross section of the rod cavity section 500, after the first hole section 611 is communicated with the rod cavity section 500, the length of the rod of the forging is lengthened through the first hole section 611 in the forging process, and then the forging with different rod lengths is formed by changing the length of the first hole section 611. Further, the lower mold cores 600 with different combinations can realize the production of the mold forgings with different lengths of the rod parts, the mold does not need to be replaced integrally, and the manufacturing cost of the related mold is saved. In the step-type through hole 610 mode, the plugging position of the ejector rod is the junction of the first hole section 611 and the second hole section 612.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the draft angle of the third upper mold 310 is 7 °, and the draft angles of the first, second and third lower molds 120, 220 and 320 are 1 ° and 5 °. In the embodiment, the combination of different draft angles of 7 degrees of the upper die and 1 degree and 5 degrees of the lower die solves the problem that the forging adheres to the die, and can avoid the rejection of the forging and the die caused by the adhesion of the forging to the die. Meanwhile, redundant metal generated by burrs is saved, a set of trimming tool and trimming working procedures are saved, and the streamline integrity of the edge part of the forging is ensured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the forging forming mold further includes an upper module 700 and a lower module 800, the first upper mold 110, the second upper mold 210 and the third upper mold 310 are respectively disposed on the three upper modules 700, and the first lower mold 120, the second lower mold 220 and the third lower mold 320 are respectively disposed on the three lower modules 800. The upper die set 700 is used for positioning the upper dies of the initial forging die set 100, the intermediate forging die set 200 and the final forging die set 300, the lower die set 800 is used for positioning the lower dies of the initial forging die set 100, the intermediate forging die set 200 and the final forging die set 300, and the upper die set 700 can also move relative to the lower dies for forging operation.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the lower module 800 is provided with a mounting hole 810, and the lower mold core 600 is disposed in the mounting hole 810. In this embodiment, the lower module 800 is further used for positioning the lower mold core 600, the lower module 800 is provided with a mounting hole 810, the mounting hole 810 is in a through hole form, and the lower mold core 600 is disposed in the mounting hole 810 and faces the lower mold.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A forging forming method is characterized in that: is suitable for forming titanium alloy die forgings, and comprises the following steps:
pretreatment:
pre-treating the blank, the upper die and the lower die of the first station, the upper die and the lower die of the second station and the upper die and the lower die of the third station; in the pretreatment step, preheating an upper die and a lower die of the first station, an upper die and a lower die of the second station and an upper die and a lower die of the third station at a preheating temperature of 200-250 ℃; preheating the blank, heating to the recrystallization temperature of the blank, and keeping the temperature for 90-120 min;
and (5) primary forging:
placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of the first station, forging the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station contacts with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forging;
intermediate forging:
placing the first forging piece into a die cavity of a lower die of the second station, forging the first forging piece through an upper die of the second station until the upper die of the second station contacts with the lower die, and forming the first forging piece into a second forging piece; the height of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, the height of the head cavity section of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station is larger than that of the head cavity section of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station, and the cross-sectional area of the head cavity section of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station is smaller than that of the head cavity section of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station;
and (3) final forging:
placing the second forging piece into a die cavity of a lower die of the third station, forging the second forging piece through a protruding part of an upper die of the third station until the upper die of the third station is in contact with the lower die, and forming the second forging piece into a third forging piece;
the heights of the rod cavity sections of the die cavities of the lower dies of the first station, the second station and the third station are the same;
be applied to forging forming die, forging forming die still includes ejector pin and lower mold core, lower mold core corresponds first station the second station with the lower mould setting of third station, lower mold core be equipped with correspond first station the second station with the through-hole of the die cavity intercommunication of the lower mould of third station, the through-hole includes first hole section and second hole section, first hole section with the coaxial setting of second hole section top-down, the cross section of first hole section with the pole portion chamber section of the die cavity of the lower mould of first station the second station with the third station is the same.
2. The forging forming method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the upsetting deformation of the first forging is 30%, and the upsetting deformation of the second forging is 40%.
3. The forging forming method as recited in claim 1, wherein: and the draft angle of the upper die of the third station is 7 degrees.
4. The forging forming method as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the steps of the initial forging, the intermediate forging and the final forging, the forging is ejected out of the die cavity of the lower die through an ejector rod.
5. The forging forming method as recited in claim 1, wherein: and the gap between the upper die and the lower die of the third station is 0.3mm.
6. The forging forming method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the final forging step further comprises the following steps:
and (3) heat treatment:
and (3) annealing the third forging, wherein the heating temperature is 745-755 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1-1.5 hours, and the third forging is air-cooled.
7. The forging forming method as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the pretreatment step is preceded by the following steps:
blank preparation:
determining a cavity volume which is increased by 2cm from the cavity height of the lower die of the third station, and converting the volume of the blank according to the cavity volume;
and cutting a rod blank according to the blank volume to obtain the blank.
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