CN113172190A - Forging forming method - Google Patents
Forging forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113172190A CN113172190A CN202110407655.0A CN202110407655A CN113172190A CN 113172190 A CN113172190 A CN 113172190A CN 202110407655 A CN202110407655 A CN 202110407655A CN 113172190 A CN113172190 A CN 113172190A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/008—Incremental forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of die forging processing, in particular to a method for forming a forge piece, which comprises the following steps: placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of a first station, forging and pressing the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forge piece; placing the first forge piece into a die cavity of a lower die at a second station, forging and pressing the first forge piece through an upper die at the second station until the upper die at the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the first forge piece into a second forge piece; the height of the lower die cavity of the second station is smaller than that of the lower die cavity of the first station; and placing the second forge piece into the die cavity of the lower die at the third station, forging and pressing the second forge piece through the bulge of the upper die at the third station until the upper die at the third station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the second forge piece into a third forge piece. The problems of overlarge thermal deformation resistance caused by low forging temperature and head deflection in the forging process of the die forging are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die forging processing, in particular to a forging forming method.
Background
The titanium alloy has wide application in aerospace and military products due to the excellent performance of the titanium alloy. A slender rod type die forging piece is a common die forging piece form. When the two are combined, the mechanical property requirements of aerospace and military products are much higher than that of civil products. On the premise of not changing the material, in order to meet the special performance requirements of the product, a special forming mode, namely near cold hardening, is needed, namely die forging is carried out at a temperature close to the recrystallization temperature range of the titanium alloy.
But the titanium alloy die forging has high deformation resistance and poor plasticity due to the particularity of the titanium alloy die forging. When the titanium alloy slender rod type die forging is formed at a lower temperature (the phase change point is below 100 ℃ and the recrystallization temperature is near), the forging is easy to bend; and because the titanium alloy has the material characteristic of larger viscosity, the titanium alloy is easy to adhere to a die and is not easy to form.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forging forming method, which is used for solving the defects that in the prior art, when a titanium alloy slender rod type die forging is formed below a phase transformation point and at a temperature near a recrystallization temperature, the forging is easy to bend, and the problems of forming deflection and head deflection caused by overlarge thermal deformation resistance and a die forging process due to low forging temperature are solved.
The invention provides a forging forming method, which comprises the following steps:
pretreatment:
preprocessing a blank, an upper die and a lower die of a first station, an upper die and a lower die of a second station and an upper die and a lower die of a third station;
performing primary forging;
placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of the first station, forging and pressing the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forge piece;
intermediate forging:
placing the first forge piece into a die cavity of a lower die of the second station, forging and pressing the first forge piece through an upper die of the second station until the upper die of the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the first forge piece into a second forge piece; the die cavity height of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the lower die of the first station;
finish forging:
and placing the second forge piece into the die cavity of the lower die at the third station, forging and pressing the second forge piece through the bulge part of the upper die at the third station until the upper die at the third station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the second forge piece into a third forge piece.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, in the pretreatment step, the upper die and the lower die of the first station, the upper die and the lower die of the second station and the upper die and the lower die of the third station are preheated, and the preheating temperature is 200-250 ℃; preheating the blank, heating to the recrystallization temperature of the blank, and keeping the temperature for 90-120 min.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, the upsetting deformation of the first forging is 30%, and the upsetting deformation of the second forging is 40%.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, the draft angles of the lower die are 1 degree and 5 degrees, and the draft angle of the upper die at the third station is 7 degrees.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, in the steps of the primary forging, the intermediate forging and the final forging, the forging is ejected out of the die cavity of the lower die through the ejector rods.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, the gap between the upper die and the lower die at the third station is 0.3 mm.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, after the finish forging step, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (3) heat treatment:
and annealing the third forging, keeping the temperature at 745-755 ℃ for 1-1.5 hours, and cooling in air.
According to the forging forming method provided by the invention, before the pretreatment step, the method further comprises the following steps:
preparing a blank:
determining the volume of a die cavity which is increased by 2cm length than the height of the die cavity of the lower die of the third station, and converting the volume of the blank according to the volume of the die cavity;
and cutting the bar blank according to the blank volume to serve as the blank.
The invention provides a forging forming method, which is a forming method of a slender rod type titanium alloy die forging. According to the invention, the upper die and the lower die on the three stations are matched to form closed precision die forging, and the closed precision die forging is matched with the three-station split type die, so that specific performance requirements are met, and the problem of local material shortage or excess caused by uneven material feeding of the slender rod type titanium alloy die forging is solved. Meanwhile, the excess metal generated by burrs is saved, the trimming tool, the process and the raw material are saved, the completeness and no cutting-off of the flow line of the forge piece are ensured, and the die forging blank rod material is suitable for products with large height-diameter ratio.
The die cavity of the lower die of the three stations is divided into a head part and a rod part from top to bottom, the diameter of the cross section of the head part is larger than that of the cross section of the rod part, the height of the rod part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is equal to that of the rod part of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, the height of the head part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the head part of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, namely, under the condition that the forging surfaces of the upper dies of the first station and the second station are both planar, after the first forging enters the die cavity of the lower die of the second work, the rod part is completely matched with the rod part of the die cavity to limit and fix the first forging, the head part is higher than the head part of the die cavity, the upper die of the second station forges enters the head part of the lower die of the second station, therefore, the head part of the second forging is thicker than the head part of the first forging, and the die cavity of the lower die of the third station is completely consistent with the die cavity of the lower die of the second station, the forging surface of the upper die of the third station is a convex part, a concave cavity can be forged at the head of a third forging piece, so that the three-station die is adopted, the deformation degree of each station is controlled, the problems of forming deflection, overlarge thermal deformation resistance caused by low forging temperature and head deflection in the forging process of die forging pieces are solved by stabilizing the preformed blank of the first station and the second station, the performance and the structure of an area without deformation at the lower part of the forging pieces are ensured, and the die-stripping and batch production of the forging pieces are ensured
In addition to the technical problems addressed by the present invention, the technical features constituting the technical solutions and the advantages brought by the technical features of the technical solutions described above, other technical features of the present invention and the advantages brought by the technical features of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings or will be understood by the practice of the present invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is one of the schematic structural views of a forging forming device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of the forging forming device provided by the present invention;
reference numerals:
100: a primary forging die set; 110: a first upper mold; 120: a first lower mold; 130: a first mold cavity;
200: a middle forging die set; 210: a second upper mold; 220: a second lower mold; 230: a second mold cavity;
300: a finish forging die set; 310: a third upper mold; 320: a third lower mold; 330: a third mold cavity; 311: a boss portion;
400: a head cavity section; 500: a rod cavity section;
600: a lower mold core; 610: a through hole; 611: a first bore section; 612: a second bore section;
700: an upper module;
800: a lower module; 810: and (7) installing holes.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a forging forming method, including:
pretreatment:
preprocessing a blank, an upper die and a lower die of a first station, an upper die and a lower die of a second station and an upper die and a lower die of a third station;
performing primary forging;
placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of a first station, forging and pressing the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forge piece;
intermediate forging:
placing the first forge piece into a die cavity of a lower die at a second station, forging and pressing the first forge piece through an upper die at the second station until the upper die at the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the first forge piece into a second forge piece; the height of the lower die cavity of the second station is smaller than that of the lower die cavity of the first station;
finish forging:
and placing the second forging into the die cavity of the lower die at the third station, forging and pressing the second forging through the convex part 311 of the upper die at the third station until the upper die at the third station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the second forging into a third forging.
The forging forming method is a forming method of a slender rod type titanium alloy die forging, and comprises the steps of firstly placing a pretreated blank into a die forging tool at a first pretreated station for primary forging to form a first forging, then placing the first forging into a die forging tool at a second pretreated station for intermediate forging to form a second forging, and finally placing the second forging into a die forging tool at a third pretreated station for final forging to form a third forging. According to the invention, the upper die and the lower die on the three stations are matched to form closed precision die forging, and the closed precision die forging is matched with the three-station split type die, so that specific performance requirements are met, and the problem of local material shortage or excess caused by uneven material feeding of the slender rod type titanium alloy die forging is solved. Meanwhile, the excess metal generated by burrs is saved, the trimming tool, the process and the raw material are saved, the completeness and no cutting-off of the flow line of the forge piece are ensured, and the die forging blank rod material is suitable for products with large height-diameter ratio.
The die cavity of the lower die of the three stations is divided into a head part and a rod part from top to bottom, the diameter of the cross section of the head part is larger than that of the cross section of the rod part, the height of the rod part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is equal to that of the rod part of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, the height of the head part of the die cavity of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the head part of the die cavity of the lower die of the first station, namely, under the condition that the forging surfaces of the upper dies of the first station and the second station are both planar, after the first forging enters the die cavity of the lower die of the second work, the rod part is completely matched with the rod part of the die cavity to limit and fix the first forging, the head part is higher than the head part of the die cavity, the upper die of the second station forges enters the head part of the lower die of the second station, therefore, the head part of the second forging is thicker than the head part of the first forging, and the die cavity of the lower die of the third station is completely consistent with the die cavity of the lower die of the second station, however, the forging surface of the upper die of the third station is a convex part 311, a cavity can be forged at the head of the third forging, so that the three-station die is adopted, the deformation degree of each station is controlled, the problems of forming deflection, overlarge thermal deformation resistance caused by low forging temperature and head deflection in the forging process of the die forging are solved through the shape stabilization of the preformed blank of the first station and the second station, the performance and the structure of a non-deformation area at the lower part of the forging are ensured, and the die stripping and the batch production of the forging are ensured.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, in the pretreatment step, an upper die and a lower die of a first station, an upper die and a lower die of a second station and an upper die and a lower die of a third station are preheated, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-250 ℃; preheating the blank, heating to the recrystallization temperature of the blank, and keeping the temperature for 90-120 min. In this embodiment, after the blank is put into the furnace, heated, preserved and pretreated, the discharged blank should be quickly transferred into the cavity of the lower die at the first station, and the center of the blank is ensured to coincide with the center of the cavity of the lower die at the first station, so that the blank is not deflected. Preheating the upper die and the lower die at three stations at 200-250 ℃, heating the blank to a recrystallization temperature, and preserving heat for 90-120 min. The die forging at a lower temperature (about the recrystallization temperature) is adopted to achieve the effect of near cold work hardening, and specific properties are obtained. The problem of local lack of material or material that the material is excessive that slender rod type titanium alloy die forging head easily deflects, walk the uneven material that causes is solved.
Taking TA15 as an example, the transition temperature was 1000 ℃ C. + -. 20 ℃, the recrystallization start temperature was 800 ℃ C., and the end temperature was 950 ℃ C. The different temperature die forging properties are compared in the following table.
As can be seen from the table, when a temperature around the recrystallization temperature of 850 ℃ was employed as the heating temperature in the pretreatment process, the mechanical properties were partially improved. However, since the heat distortion resistance gradually increases with decreasing temperature, the heat distortion resistance at 800 ℃ is about twice as high as that at 900 ℃. By adopting the three-station split die forging, the problem of local material shortage or material excess caused by uneven material feeding due to the fact that the head of the slender rod type forging piece is easy to deflect due to large deformation resistance in the conventional die forming process can be solved.
According to one embodiment provided by the invention, the upsetting deformation of the first forging is 30%, and the upsetting deformation of the second forging is 40%. In this embodiment, after the blank is placed in the die cavity of the lower die at the first station, the upper die forges the blank until the blank is formed in the die cavity, that is, the upper die upsets the blank out of the positioning table, and the head of the first forging forms about 30% of upsetting deformation, so that the blank positioning size after the first station is accurate. After the first forge piece is placed into the die cavity of the lower die at the second station, the upper die forges the first forge piece until the first forge piece is formed in the die cavity, namely the upper die further upsets the head of the first forge piece, and the head of the second forge piece forms about 40% of upset deformation.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the draft angles of the lower die are 1 ° and 5 °, and the draft angle of the upper die of the third station is 7 °. In this embodiment, go up the combination of mould 7 and the different draft inclinations of bed die 1, 5, solved the problem of forging adhesion mould, can avoid the forging and the mould that the forging glues the mould and leads to scrapping. Meanwhile, the redundant metal generated by burrs is saved, a set of trimming tool and trimming process are saved, and the integrity of a shunting line at the edge part of the forge piece is ensured.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, in the steps of primary forging, intermediate forging and final forging, the forged piece is ejected out of the die cavity of the lower die by the ejector rod. The blank enters the second station and the third station in sequence for forging after being forged in the die at the first station, the forging piece is ejected out by the lower ejector rod in the die forging process, the die drawing inclination of the upper die is 7 degrees, the mixed die drawing inclination of the lower die is 1 degree and 5 degrees, the problem that the forging piece is stuck to the die is solved, and the forging piece and the die are prevented from being scrapped due to the fact that the forging piece is stuck to the die. In this embodiment, the bottom of the lower die is provided with a lower die core 600 in each station, the lower die core 600 is provided with a through hole 610 communicated with the die cavity, the ejector rod can enter the die cavity through the through hole 610 to eject the forging out of the die cavity, and when the upper end of the ejector rod is located at the through hole 610, the through hole 610 is just plugged, that is, the lower die and the ejector rod together enclose the wall surface of the circular truncated cone-shaped die cavity for fixing the forging, so that the forging displacement caused by multiple forging and pressing is prevented. And through the lower die core 600 of different combinations, the production of die forgings with different lengths of the rod part can be realized, and the manufacturing cost of related dies is saved.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the gap between the upper die and the lower die of the third station is 0.3 mm. In this embodiment, the forging surface of the upper die at the third station has a protrusion 311, the protrusion 311 forms a recess on the third forging during forging, the gap between the upper die and the lower die is 0.3mm, the gap is too small for relative movement between the upper die and the lower die, the gap is too large for material sealing, excess material is easy to overflow, and the die is bitten.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the finish forging step, the method further includes:
and (3) heat treatment:
and annealing the third forging, keeping the temperature at 745-755 ℃ for 1-1.5 hours, and cooling in air.
In the embodiment, the third forging is taken out of the die cavity of the lower die at the third station, annealing heat treatment is carried out, the annealing heating temperature is 750 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1.5 hours, and air cooling is carried out, so that the forging with the mechanical property meeting the requirement is obtained.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, before the preprocessing step, the method further includes:
preparing a blank:
determining the volume of a die cavity which is increased by 2cm in length compared with the height of the die cavity of the lower die at the third station, and converting the volume of the blank according to the volume of the die cavity;
and cutting the bar blank as a blank according to the volume of the blank.
In the embodiment, in the blank preparation process before pretreatment, the preset volume of the blank is calculated, the preset volume of the blank is obtained by calculating the volume after the original height direction of the finished product forged piece to be obtained is increased by 2mm, then the preset volume of the blank is converted into the diameter and the length of a corresponding bar, blanking is performed by sawing through a sawing machine, the volume is converted after the height of the original forged piece is increased by 2mm during blanking, and the blank is closed die forging under-pressure, so that local underfill caused by local feeding unevenness is avoided. The situation that due to the fact that the diameter of the blank is too small, one side of the forge piece is not full due to improper placement, and burrs are generated due to excessive blank on the other side is avoided; or because the diameter is too big, the blank card can not fall on the ejector pin in the die cavity of bed die, leads to the blank to place just, and it is uneven to walk the material during the shaping, influences final shaping.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the forging forming die provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a forging die set 100, a middle forging die set 200, and a finishing die set 300, where the forging die set 100 includes a first upper die 110 and a first lower die 120, the middle forging die set 200 includes a second upper die 210 and a second lower die 220, the finishing die set 300 includes a third upper die 310 and a third lower die 320, the first lower die 120, the second lower die 220, and the third lower die 320 are respectively provided with a first die cavity 130, a second die cavity 230, and a third die cavity 330, the first die cavity 130, the second die cavity 230, and the third die cavity 330 each include a head cavity segment 400 and a rod cavity segment 500 sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the cross-sectional area of the head cavity segment 400 is larger than that of the rod cavity segment 500, the rod cavity segments 500 of the first die cavity 130, the second die cavity 230, and the third die cavity 330 are the same, the head cavity segments 400 of the second die cavity 230 and the third die cavity 330 are the same, the height of the head cavity section 400 of the first die cavity 130 is greater than that of the head cavity section 400 of the second die cavity 230, the cross-sectional area of the head cavity section 400 of the first die cavity 130 is less than that of the head cavity section 400 of the second die cavity 230, the forging surfaces of the first upper die 110 and the second upper die 210 are both flat, the forging surface of the third upper die 310 is provided with a raised part 311, and the height of the raised part 311 is less than that of the head cavity section 400 of the die cavity of the third lower die 320.
The forging piece forming die provided by the embodiment of the invention is a forming die of a slender rod type titanium alloy die forging piece, and is divided into a primary forging die set 100 positioned at a first station, a middle forging die set 200 positioned at a second station and a final forging die set 300 positioned at a third station, wherein the three die sets are respectively provided with an upper die and a lower die, a die cavity is formed in the lower die, and a forging surface is formed on the upper die.
Firstly, placing the pretreated blank into the first die cavity 130 of the pretreated primary forging die set 100 for primary forging to form a first forging piece, then placing the first forging piece into the second die cavity 230 of the pretreated intermediate forging die set 200 for intermediate forging to form a second forging piece, and finally placing the second forging piece into the third die cavity 330 of the pretreated final forging die set 300 for final forging to form a third forging piece. The upper dies and the lower dies of the primary forging die set 100, the intermediate forging die set 200 and the final forging die set 300 are matched to form closed precision die forging, and the closed precision die forging is matched with a three-station split die set, so that the specific performance requirements are met, and the problem of local material shortage or material excess caused by uneven material feeding of the slender rod type titanium alloy die forging is solved. Meanwhile, the excess metal generated by burrs is saved, the trimming tool, the process and the raw material are saved, the completeness and no cutting-off of the flow line of the forge piece are ensured, and the die forging blank rod material is suitable for products with large height-diameter ratio.
The die cavities of the primary forging die set 100, the intermediate forging die set 200 and the final forging die set 300 are divided into a head cavity section 400 and a rod cavity section 500 from top to bottom, the cross-sectional area of the head cavity section 400 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the rod cavity section 500, the height of the rod cavity section 500 of the intermediate forging die set 200 is equal to the height of the rod cavity section 500 of the primary forging die set 100, the height of the head cavity section 400 of the intermediate forging die set 200 is smaller than the height of the head cavity section 400 of the primary forging die set 100, that is, under the condition that the forging surfaces of the first upper die 110 and the second upper die 210 are both planar, after the first forge piece enters the die cavity of the second lower die 220, the rod part is completely matched with the rod cavity section 500 of the second die cavity 230 to limit and fix the first forge piece, the head is higher than the head section 400 of the second die cavity 230, the second upper die 210 presses the higher head part into the head cavity section 400 of the second die cavity 230, so that the head of the second forge piece is thicker than the head of the first forge piece, the die cavity of the middle forging die set 200 is completely consistent with the die cavity of the finish forging die set 300, but the forging surface of the third upper die 310 is a convex part 311, a cavity can be forged at the head of a third forging piece, so that a three-station die set is adopted, the deformation degree of the forging piece during processing of each die set is controlled, the problems of forming deflection, overlarge thermal deformation resistance caused by low forging temperature and head deflection in the forging process of the die forging piece are solved through the shape stabilization of the primary forging die set 100, the middle forging die set 200 and a pre-blank of a second station, the performance and the structure of a non-deformation area at the lower part of the forging piece are ensured, and the demolding and batch production of the forging piece are ensured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is a 0.3mm gap between the sidewall of the protrusion 311 and the sidewall of the third cavity 330. In this embodiment, the forging surface of the third upper die 310 of the finish forging die set 300 has a protrusion 311, the protrusion 311 forms a recess on the third forging during forging, the gap between the third upper die 310 and the third lower die 320 is 0.3mm, that is, a gap of 0.3mm is formed between the side wall of the protrusion 311 and the side wall of the third die cavity 330, the gap is too small to facilitate the relative movement between the upper die and the lower die, and the gap is too large to facilitate the sealing, which is likely to cause the overflow of the excess material and damage the die.
According to an embodiment provided by the invention, the forging forming mold further comprises a top bar and lower mold cores 600, the three lower mold cores 600 can be respectively arranged corresponding to the first lower mold 120, the second lower mold 220 and the third lower mold 320, the three lower mold cores 600 are respectively provided with through holes 610 communicated with the first mold cavity 130, the second mold cavity 230 and the third mold cavity 330, the top bar can pass through the through holes 610 to enter the mold cavity corresponding to the through holes 610, and the end parts of the top bar block the through holes 610. In this embodiment, the bottom of the first lower mold 120 is provided with a lower mold core 600, the lower mold core 600 is provided with a through hole 610 connected with the first mold cavity 130, and the ejector rod can enter the first mold cavity 130 through the through hole 610 to eject the first forging out of the first mold cavity 130; the bottom of the second lower die 220 is provided with a lower die core 600, the lower die core 600 is provided with a through hole 610 connected with the second die cavity 230, and the ejector rod can enter the second die cavity 230 through the through hole 610 to eject the second forging out of the second die cavity 230; the bottom of the third lower die 320 is provided with a lower die core 600, the lower die core 600 is provided with a through hole 610 connected with the third die cavity 330, and the ejector rod can enter the third die cavity 330 through the through hole 610 to eject the third forging out of the third die cavity 330; when the upper end of each ejector rod is located at the through hole 610 where the ejector rod is located, the through hole 610 where the ejector rod is located is just plugged, and after the forge piece is formed, the ejector rods move upwards to eject the forge piece out of the die cavity, so that the die is convenient to take out.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the through hole 610 includes a first hole section 611 and a second hole section 612 coaxially arranged from top to bottom, the first hole section 611 having a cross-sectional area identical to the cross-sectional area of the rod cavity section 500 of the mold cavity, and the second hole section 612 having a cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the first hole section 611. In this embodiment, the through hole 610 in the lower die core 600 is divided into two sections, that is, the through hole 610 is stepped, the through hole 610 and the corresponding die cavity are coaxially arranged, the cross-sectional area of the first hole section 611 is larger than that of the second hole section 612, the aperture of the first hole section 611 is the same as the diameter of the cross-sectional area of the rod cavity section 500, after the through hole is communicated with the rod cavity section 500, in the forging process, the length of the rod of the forging is equivalent to that of the rod which is lengthened by the first hole section 611, and then the forging with different rod lengths is formed by changing the length of the first hole section 611. Furthermore, the lower die cores 600 in different combinations can realize the production of die forgings with different rod parts and different lengths, the die does not need to be integrally replaced, and the manufacturing cost of related dies is saved. In the stepped through hole 610 mode, the plugging position of the ejector rod is the junction of the first hole section 611 and the second hole section 612.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the draft of the third upper mold 310 is 7 °, and the draft of the first lower mold 120, the second lower mold 220, and the third lower mold 320 is 1 ° and 5 °. In this embodiment, go up the combination of mould 7 and the different draft inclinations of bed die 1, 5, solved the problem of forging adhesion mould, can avoid the forging and the mould that the forging glues the mould and leads to scrapping. Meanwhile, the redundant metal generated by burrs is saved, a set of trimming tool and trimming process are saved, and the integrity of a shunting line at the edge part of the forge piece is ensured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the forging forming mold further includes an upper mold block 700 and a lower mold block 800, the first upper mold 110, the second upper mold 210, and the third upper mold 310 are respectively disposed on the three upper mold blocks 700, and the first lower mold 120, the second lower mold 220, and the third lower mold 320 are respectively disposed on the three lower mold blocks 800. The upper die block 700 is used for positioning the upper dies of the forging die set 100, the middle forging die set 200 and the finish forging die set 300, the lower die block 800 is used for positioning the lower dies of the forging die set 100, the middle forging die set 200 and the finish forging die set 300, and meanwhile the upper die block 700 can also be connected with an upper die to move relative to the lower dies for forging operation.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower mold block 800 is provided with a mounting hole 810, and the lower mold core 600 is disposed in the mounting hole 810. In this embodiment, the lower mold block 800 is further configured to position the lower mold core 600, the lower mold block 800 is provided with a mounting hole 810, the mounting hole 810 is in a through hole form, and the lower mold core 600 is disposed in the mounting hole 810 and faces the lower mold.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A forging forming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
pretreatment:
preprocessing a blank, an upper die and a lower die of a first station, an upper die and a lower die of a second station and an upper die and a lower die of a third station;
performing primary forging;
placing the blank into a die cavity of a lower die of the first station, forging and pressing the blank through an upper die of the first station until the upper die of the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the blank into a first forge piece;
intermediate forging:
placing the first forge piece into a die cavity of a lower die of the second station, forging and pressing the first forge piece through an upper die of the second station until the upper die of the first station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the first forge piece into a second forge piece; the die cavity height of the lower die of the second station is smaller than that of the lower die of the first station;
finish forging:
and placing the second forge piece into the die cavity of the lower die at the third station, forging and pressing the second forge piece through the bulge part of the upper die at the third station until the upper die at the third station is contacted with the lower die, and forming the second forge piece into a third forge piece.
2. The forging forming method of claim 1, wherein: in the pretreatment step, preheating an upper die and a lower die of the first station, an upper die and a lower die of the second station and an upper die and a lower die of the third station at 200-250 ℃; preheating the blank, heating to the recrystallization temperature of the blank, and keeping the temperature for 90-120 min.
3. The forging forming method of claim 1, wherein: the upsetting deformation of the first forging is 30%, and the upsetting deformation of the second forging is 40%.
4. The forging forming method of claim 1, wherein: the draft angle of the lower die is 1 degree and 5 degrees, and the draft angle of the upper die of the third station is 7 degrees.
5. The forging forming method of claim 1, wherein: and in the steps of the primary forging, the intermediate forging and the final forging, ejecting the forged piece out of the die cavity of the lower die through an ejector rod.
6. The forging forming method of claim 1, wherein: and the gap between the upper die and the lower die of the third station is 0.3 mm.
7. The forging forming method of claim 1, wherein: after the finish forging step, the method further comprises the following steps:
and (3) heat treatment:
and annealing the third forging, keeping the temperature at 745-755 ℃ for 1-1.5 hours, and cooling in air.
8. The forging forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: before the pretreatment step, the method further comprises the following steps:
preparing a blank:
determining the volume of a die cavity which is increased by 2cm length than the height of the die cavity of the lower die of the third station, and converting the volume of the blank according to the volume of the die cavity;
and cutting the bar blank according to the blank volume to serve as the blank.
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| CN113172190B (en) | 2023-08-22 |
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