CN116036182A - 一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116036182A CN116036182A CN202210345386.4A CN202210345386A CN116036182A CN 116036182 A CN116036182 A CN 116036182A CN 202210345386 A CN202210345386 A CN 202210345386A CN 116036182 A CN116036182 A CN 116036182A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，属于兽用消毒剂技术领域。该溶液剂由植物提取物、杀菌剂、护蹄剂、水杨酸甲酯、润肤剂、助效剂、调色剂、去离子水组成，具有良好的杀菌、凝血消肿作用，可有效杀死奶牛蹄病感染性病原菌，且促进角质恢复。本发明溶液剂不含抗生素、硫酸铜、强氧化成分，避免了对皮肤的刺激性，生物可降解且对环境友好；制备工艺简单，所述原料简单易得，可工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽用消毒剂技术领域，具体涉及一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
腐蹄病是影响奶牛健康的一种常见病，发病率高，夏季在30-50％，在死亡淘汰中因蹄病淘汰的高达40％，严重影响奶牛健康，使奶牛利用年限下降，严重时牛只由于出现全身症状恶化导致脓毒败血症而发生死亡。中国政府推出了支持性的法规和政策，如《奶业整顿和振兴规划纲要》，鼓励大型牧场的发展。这促进了更大规模的奶牛养殖，越来越多的奶牛被安置在大型牧场。
国内市场原来应用较多的奶牛蹄浴液是硫酸铜，甲醛等。硫酸铜腐蚀性大，环境危害严重，且治疗效果一般，随着国家环保力度的加大，正逐步被淘汰。甲醛溶液具有挥发的特性且有神经毒性，安全性低，且不少牧场出现因甲醛导致人中毒甚至死亡的事故发生。且很多地方已经禁止使用甲醛进行奶牛蹄浴。
目前针对奶牛牛蹄病在防控方案主要有调整、优化夏季日粮配方，防止营养不良、加强牛舍卫生管理、及时对牛群进行修蹄等方法。其中，定期进行牛蹄药浴浸泡，防治牛蹄腐烂是最普遍的方法，专利CN108606978A公开了一种奶牛蹄浴液，该发明中使用聚乙二醇作为成膜剂，在蹄浴液成膜后起到长效保护作用，但是由于聚乙二醇的不可生物降解性，对环境有一定影响，另外长期使用聚乙二醇可引起皮肤干燥，可能在治疗牛蹄病过程中会影响治疗效果、降低蹄浴液药效。专利CN107837398A则公开了一种复合型奶牛蹄浴液，组分中含有戊二醛成分，长期使用很大程度上会有耐药菌株的出现，同时戊二醛不稳定，在室温放置2周，浓度明显下降。且戊二醛气体刺激性较大，可能在牛皮肤上出现过敏性皮炎现象，对于预防和治疗效果有一定的影响。此外，该专利还公开使用收敛剂采用铝盐，在专利中主要作用是修复作用，促进伤口快速愈合。但铝盐会使土壤酸化，对环境有一定的危害。
因而，开发一种安全、高效杀菌、能够显著防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂十分必要。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的问题，本发明提出了一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂。本发明溶液剂中含有的植物提取物可与杀菌剂复配增效杀菌和护蹄，且为广谱杀菌。该溶液剂在日常使用中可有效预防奶牛蹄病，在奶牛发病时可用来对病患进行止痛和活血化瘀、控制病情，减轻疾病所带来的疼痛感；本发明溶液剂不含抗生素、硫酸铜、强氧化成分，避免了对皮肤的刺激性，生物可降解且对环境友好；制备工艺简单，所述原料简单易得，可工业化生产。
为达到以上目的，本发明具体技术方案如下：
本发明提供了一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，所述溶液剂中各组分为植物提取物、杀菌剂、护蹄剂、水杨酸甲酯、润肤剂、助效剂、pH调节剂、调色剂、去离子水。
所述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，按重量计，包括植物提取物3-15份、杀菌剂1-10份、护蹄剂5-20份、水杨酸甲酯1-40份、润肤剂10-30份、助效剂0.2-1份、调色剂1-6份、去离子水30-80份。
优选所述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂中各组分按重量计，包括植物提取物8-15份、杀菌剂 1-5份、护蹄剂11-16份、水杨酸甲酯1-6份、润肤剂15-22份、助效剂0.2-1份、调色剂1-5 份、去离子水35-50份。
更优选所述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂中各组分按重量计，包括植物提取物10份、杀菌剂 2份、护蹄剂15份、水杨酸甲酯3份、润肤剂20份，助效剂0.5份、调色剂3份、去离子水49.5份。
所述植物提取物为百里香酚、肉桂醛、蒲黄提取物、丁香提取物、益母草提取物、乳香提取物、泽兰提取物、金盏菊提取物中的一种或几种。
优选植物提取物为肉桂醛、蒲黄提取物、益母草提取物中的一种或几种。
更优选的植物提取物为肉桂醛、益母草提取物中的一种或两种。
所述杀菌剂为纳米银溶液、双癸基二甲基甲丙酸、羟乙基季铵盐、双子季铵盐中的一种或几种。
优选杀菌剂为纳米银溶液、羟乙基季铵盐中的一种或两种，更优选杀菌剂为纳米银。
所述护蹄剂为氨基酸螯合铜、氨基酸螯合锌、EDTA铜、EDTA锌中的一种或几种。
优选护蹄剂为EDTA铜、EDTA锌中的一种或两种。
所述润肤剂为甘油、山梨醇、蜂蜜、透明质酸、明胶、丙烯乙二醇、水溶性硅油、水溶性橄榄油中的一种或几种。
优选润肤剂为甘油、山梨醇、透明质酸中的一种或几种。
所述助效剂为大豆磷脂、聚山梨醇酯-60、甲基葡糖倍半硬脂酸酯、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠、葡萄糖苷中的一种或几种。
优选助效剂为硬脂酰谷氨酸钠、葡萄糖苷中的一种或几种，更优选为硬脂酰谷氨酸钠。
所述调色剂包括亮蓝、酸性蓝、柠檬黄、茜素菁绿中的一种或几种，优选为亮蓝。
所述的防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将上述组分溶解于去离子水中，配制成溶液一；
(2)将溶液一过滤，使其变为澄清溶液，为溶液二；
(3)加入pH调节剂、充分溶解，得溶液三，该溶液pH值为2-5；
(4)加入调色剂，搅拌均匀后定容，得到所述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂。
所述的pH调节剂包括乙酸、硼酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠中的一种或几种。
优选步骤(3)中溶液pH值为2.5-4。
所述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂中百里香酚是一种单萜酚类化合物，有特殊香味，起作用在抗真菌、抗氧化、抗炎和抑菌等方面作用明显。
肉桂醛是一种醛类化合物，具有杀菌消毒防腐，特别是对真菌有显著疗效，抗溃疡，抗病毒。
丁香提取物属于桃金娘植物丁香花蕾，略研棒状。花冠圆球形，花瓣4，覆瓦状抱合，棕褐色至黄褐色，花瓣内为雄蕊和花柱，搓碎后可见众多黄色细粒状的花药。萼筒圆柱状，略扁，有的稍弯曲，红棕色或棕褐色，上部有4枚三角状的萼片，“十”字形分开。质坚实，富油性。具有抗菌、镇痛、抗炎的作用。
蒲黄提取物为香蒲科植物长苞香蒲、狭叶香蒲、宽叶香蒲或其同属多种植物的花粉。植物形态详“香蒲”条。具有止血化瘀、凝血作用。
益母草提取物为唇形科植物益母草的地上部分，具有活血生新、清热消肿的功能。
乳香提取物为橄榄科植物卡氏乳香树的树脂的黄白色粉末状流动性提取物产品。具有活血止痛、消肿生肌作用。
泽兰提取物为唇形科地瓜儿苗的嫩茎叶，具有活血化瘀，行水消肿作用。
金盏菊提取物为菊科植金盏花的花瓣提取物，具有抗衰老、抗菌作用，特别是对葡萄球菌、链球菌效果较好。其中叶的水提物有加速血凝的作用(凝血酶元时间缩短)。
纳米银溶液采用物理消毒，不产生有害气体，具有光谱杀菌作用，对环境无刺激，渗透性强，遇水抗菌效果越发增强，有利于牛蹄病的治疗，且不产生耐药性，能够有效避免因耐药性而导致发作久治不愈。
水杨酸甲酯一般用于局部软组织炎止疼。具有治疗消炎、止痛作用。用于奶牛蹄浴液中在治疗过程中可以起到辅助治疗效果，在使用药浴液杀菌的同时，还可以减轻病牛的疼痛，促进局部血液循环。
微量的铜、锌等，是牛蹄角质化过程中最为关键的矿物元素，可以提高机体体质，增强抵抗病原菌的能力。
选用硬脂酰谷氨酸钠等表面活性剂作为助效剂，该成分是一种表面活性剂的氨基酸，在使用过程中不仅具有很好的渗透作用，可以起到清洁和起泡的作用，很适合角质层薄和敏感的牛蹄部位。
本发明所述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂可以为蹄浴液或外用喷剂、涂抹剂。
有益效果：
(1)本发明提供了一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，采用纳米银溶液与植物提取物复配增效，具有良好的杀菌、凝血消肿作用，可有效杀死奶牛蹄病感染性病原菌，促进角质恢复。
(2)本发明中含有水杨酸甲酯成分，有良好的的镇痛，消炎功能，减轻病牛病痛，利于牛蹄病的防治。
(3)本发明中不含有戊二醛和抗生素，对皮肤无刺激性和致癌性，不产生耐药性，对环境无危害。
(4)本发明制备方法工艺简单，原料易得，容易工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下将通过实施例形式的具体实施方式，对上述内容做进一步的详细说明。
本发明中所述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂包括但不限于以下几种：
实施例1
一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，包括如下重量组分原料：肉桂醛4份、益母草6份、纳米银离子溶液2份、EDTA铜7份、EDTA锌8份、水杨酸甲酯3份、甘油20份、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠0.5份、亮蓝3份。制备方法：按上述物料进行加料，溶解于49.5份离子水中，过滤，加入乙酸调节pH，充分搅拌均匀，定容至100份。该药浴液pH＝2.7。
实施例2
一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，包括如下重量组分原料：肉桂醛5份，益母草5份、羟乙基季铵盐溶液2份、EDTA铜9份、EDTA锌6份、水杨酸甲酯3份、甘油20份、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠0.5份、亮蓝3份。制备方法：按上述物料进行加料，溶解于49.5份离子水中，过滤，加入乙酸调节pH，充分搅拌均匀，定容至100份。该药浴液pH＝2.8。
实施例3
一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，包括如下重量组分原料：百里香酚10份、羟乙基季铵盐溶液2份、氨基酸螯合铜3份、氨基酸螯合锌10份、水杨酸甲酯3份、甘油15份、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠0.5份、亮蓝3份。制备方法：按上述物料进行加料，溶解于50份离子水中，过滤，加入乙酸调节pH，充分搅拌均匀，定容至100份。该药浴液pH＝3.2。
实施例4
一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，包括如下重量组分原料：肉桂醛5份、益母草提取物7份、纳米银溶液2份、氨基酸螯合铜3份、氨基酸螯合锌10份、透明质酸15份、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠0.5份、亮蓝3份。制备方法：按上述物料进行加料，溶解于40份离子水中，过滤，加入乙酸调节pH，充分搅拌均匀，定容至100份。该药浴液pH＝2.5。
实施例5
一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，包括如下重量组分原料：金盏菊提取物15份、纳米银溶液2份、EDTA铜3份、EDTA锌8份、水杨酸甲酯2份、透明质酸15份、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠0.5份、亮蓝3份。制备方法：按上述物料进行加料，溶解于35份离子水中，过滤，加入乙酸调节pH，充分搅拌均匀，定容至100份。该药浴液pH＝3.2。
实施例6
一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，包括如下重量组分原料：肉桂醛6份、益母草4份、纳米银离子溶液2份、EDTA铜10份、EDTA锌5份、水杨酸甲酯3份、甘油20份、水溶性氮酮0.5、亮蓝3份。制备方法：按上述物料进行加料，溶解于49.5份离子水中，过滤，加入乙酸调节pH，充分搅拌均匀，定容至100份。该药浴液pH＝3.6。
本发明防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂的操作使用方法为：取上述防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，稀释50倍进行使用。
实施例7杀菌效果验证
牛场采样，选择患有相同程度腐蹄病的奶牛进行取样，将患肢提起固定，用水清洗患处。在使用本发明实施例1-6防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂后，使用一次性棉拭子沾取病变组织不同位置5次，放入灭菌好的EP管中，加入等量生理盐水，低温保存。将菌液进行震荡、稀释(1:9)，吸取100μl稀释液滴加到平板上(提前制备的厌氧菌肉汤培养基和血琼脂培养基)，用三角涂布棒均匀推开。将平板分别放在37℃恒温培养箱和厌氧培养箱中培养48h。采用平板菌落计数法，根据试验结果进行统计。实验室对治疗前后48只奶牛蹄部细菌进行记录(每组8只)，结果如下表。
表1不同实施例治疗前后细菌计数结果(n＝8)
根据结果可以看出实施例1-6对蹄部细菌均有抑制作用，治疗后细菌数量明显低于治疗前细菌数量。其中实施例1、实施例2的杀菌效果对比实施例3、实施例5的杀菌效果较为显著，菌落数明显减少。可以得出结论，实施例3和实施例5中植物提取物为百里香酚和金盏菊，在进行细菌计数法统计后，治疗效果不如肉桂醛和益母草的联用效果。实施例4 中未加水杨酸甲酯，治疗后细菌数明显高于添加了水杨酸甲酯的组方；实施例6增效剂为水溶性氮酮，治疗后细菌数明显高于增效剂为硬脂酰谷氨酸钠的本发明组方。因此，植物提取物选择肉桂醛和益母草，杀菌剂选择纳米银，配合水杨酸甲酯与增效剂硬脂酰谷氨酸钠，使蹄浴液具有良好的杀菌效果，杀菌率可达99％。杀菌率＝(1-治疗后菌落数/治疗前菌落数)×100。
实施例8临床效果试验
为验证本发明防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂的疗效，在河南某牧场，选取1400头奶头患肢蹄疾病，其中腐蹄病560例、趾间增生350例、蹄部溃疡280例、趾间皮炎210例。
每类患蹄病奶牛中选取相同数目的患蹄病奶牛作为试验组，其余患病奶牛作为对照组。对照组按使用要求加入相同体积的8％硫酸铜溶液于蹄浴池中。
使用方法：根据蹄病治疗要求，现将选择的奶牛的蹄部进行彻底清洗，试验组分为6 组，分别为6个蹄浴池中，加入实施案例中的1-6个组方配制成的蹄浴液。采用蹄浴液50倍稀释后浸泡治疗，每头牛每次蹄浴30min，每天2次蹄浴，连续蹄浴10d，分别在第5天和第10天进行治疗效果观察，并记录，实验结果如表2和表3所示。
疗效判定标准：治愈-牛跛行消失、疼痛消失、肿胀消退等症状消失；有效-跛行减轻、疼痛改善、肿胀范围缩小；无效-跛行无效退、疼痛不消失、肿胀未消退。
表2蹄浴5天结果统计
表3蹄浴10天结果统计
通过临床试验可以得出结论，本发明防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂对奶牛的腐蹄病、趾间增生、蹄部溃疡和趾间皮炎均具有良好的治疗效果，与牧场使用的硫酸铜溶液相比具有明显的治疗优势。且与对照组的硫酸铜溶液相比，本发明溶液剂使用复方植物提取物、纳米银溶液和水杨酸甲酯、增效剂复配，不仅在治疗效果上有较大优势，水杨酸甲酯的使用也起到了镇痛作用，减少了病牛的疼痛。综上，本发明在治疗牛蹄部疾病对比于常规硫酸铜溶液更具有优势，增加了养殖效益。
Claims (10)
1.一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述溶液剂中各组分按重量比计为植物提取物3-15份、杀菌剂1-10份、护蹄剂5-20份、水杨酸甲酯1-40份、润肤剂10-30份、助效剂0.2-1份、调色剂1-6份、去离子水30-80份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述溶液剂中各组分按重量比计为植物提取物8-15份、杀菌剂1-5份、护蹄剂11-16份、水杨酸甲酯1-6份、润肤剂15-22份、助效剂0.2-1份、调色剂1-5份、去离子水35-50份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述植物提取物为百里香酚、肉桂醛、蒲黄提取物、丁香提取物、益母草提取物、乳香提取物、泽兰提取物、金盏菊提取物中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述植物提取物为肉桂醛、蒲黄提取物、益母草提取物中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述杀菌剂为纳米银溶液、双癸基二甲基甲丙酸、羟乙基季铵盐、双子季铵盐中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述杀菌剂为纳米银溶液、羟乙基季铵盐的一种或两种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述护蹄剂为氨基酸螯合铜、氨基酸螯合锌、EDTA铜、EDTA锌中的一种或几种；所述润肤剂为甘油、山梨醇、蜂蜜、透明质酸、明胶、丙烯乙二醇、水溶性硅油、水溶性橄榄油中的一种或几种；所述调色剂包括亮蓝、酸性蓝、柠檬黄、茜素菁绿中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述助效剂为大豆磷脂、聚山梨醇酯-60、甲基葡糖倍半硬脂酸酯、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠、葡萄糖苷中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述助效剂为硬脂酰谷氨酸钠、葡萄糖苷中的一种或几种。
10.根据权利要求1或2中所述的一种防治奶牛蹄病的溶液剂，其特征在于，所述溶液剂的pH为2-5，所用pH调节剂为乙酸、硼酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠中的一种或几种。
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| CN118286341A (zh) * | 2024-04-16 | 2024-07-05 | 济南深蓝动物保健品有限公司 | 一种偶蹄兽外用护蹄剂及其制备方法 |
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| CN117815181A (zh) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-04-05 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | 一种牛羊腐蹄病蹄部喷涂剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN117815181B (zh) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-05-10 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | 一种牛羊腐蹄病蹄部喷涂剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN118286341A (zh) * | 2024-04-16 | 2024-07-05 | 济南深蓝动物保健品有限公司 | 一种偶蹄兽外用护蹄剂及其制备方法 |
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