CN116035128A - Manufacturing method and application of fermented feed for fattening pigs - Google Patents
Manufacturing method and application of fermented feed for fattening pigs Download PDFInfo
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a preparation method and application of a fermented feed for fattening pigs, wherein the preparation method of the fermented feed for fattening pigs mainly comprises primary fermentation and secondary fermentation: the fermented feed for fattening pigs is mainly prepared by a two-step fermentation method; the fermented feed is applied to raising of fattening pigs, the fermented feed for fattening pigs prepared by the method has high application value, remarkably improves the additive amount in the process of feeding fattening pigs, has good palatability and good feeding effect, and is worthy of popularization in pig industry.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a preparation method and application of fermented feed for fattening pigs.
[ background Art ]
The pig industry is one of important industries in animal husbandry in China, and benign development of the pig industry plays an important role in guaranteeing the safety supply of meat foods; the competition in pig raising industry is very drastic, so a series of problems of reducing raising cost, improving feed rewards, raising technology, reducing death rate and the like are urgently solved, wherein the fattening stage is a relatively important stage, and the selection of feed is crucial in the fattening process.
At present, the fermented feed for fattening pigs is prepared by common microbial fermentation, and mainly uses corn meal mixture with more than 10% or other molasses as a substrate to be directly mixed with probiotics and green feed, and 1 package of '99 multifunctional feed starter' is added into every 2 tons of materials, so that the feed prepared by the method has the following defects: firstly, the nutrition value of the fermented feed is low; the second fermented feed has poor palatability.
Therefore, a novel fermented feed for fattening pigs is urgently needed in the market, and the invention is generated.
[ invention ]
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for producing fermented feed for fattening pigs and application thereof, and the fermented feed for fattening pigs produced by the method has high application value, remarkably improved additive amount in feeding fattening pigs, good palatability and good feeding effect, and is worth popularizing in pig industry.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of fermented feed for fattening pigs comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 200-250 parts by weight of soybean meal, 60-80 parts by weight of corn, 170-175 parts by weight of wheat and 1-3 parts by weight of composite probiotics, adding water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 25-30%, and performing sealed fermentation for 48 hours to obtain a fermentation material A;
(2) Secondary fermentation: cutting the green feed into small sections with the length of 0.5-1cm, mixing the small sections with the fermentation material A obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion of 10:3-5, adding a proper amount of water until the water content of the material reaches 55-65%, sealing and fermenting for 15 days, and drying until the water content is 13%, thereby obtaining the fermented feed for fattening pigs.
Further, the compound probiotics are prepared from a feed starter, a bean pulp starter and a silage starter according to the mass ratio of 3:1: mixing at a ratio of 0.5-1.
Further, the feed ferment comprises lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus, wherein the total number of viable bacteria is 100 hundred million/g, and the moisture content is 12%; the soybean meal starter is a strong micro soybean meal starter and mainly comprises compound protease, lactobacillus, bacillus and saccharomycetes, wherein the enzyme activity unit of the soybean meal starter is 180U/g, and the water content of the soybean meal starter is 12%; the silage starter is lactobacillus, the total number of viable bacteria is 180 hundred million/g, and the moisture content is 12%.
Further, the temperature of the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation is 20-25 ℃.
Further, the green feed is sweet potato vine and/or pumpkin vine.
The invention also provides an application of the fermented feed for fattening pigs, which is characterized in that the fermented feed for fattening pigs is used for feeding fattening pigs, the feeding method comprises the steps of preparing the fermented feed for fattening pigs by combining basic ration, and then feeding fattening pigs in fattening period with the fermented feed for fattening pigs.
Further, the preparation method of the fattening pig feed specifically comprises the following steps: the basic ration and the fermented feed for fattening pigs are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 0.4-0.5, adding 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the mixture, and stirring thoroughly to obtain the fattening pig feed.
Further, the additive powder is prepared from gypsum powder and soda powder according to the mass ratio of 4:5, and mixing the materials in proportion.
Wherein, the basic ration consists of the following components:
the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the fattening pig fermented feed prepared by the method has high application value, remarkably improves the additive amount in the fattening pig feeding process, has good palatability and good feeding effect, and is worthy of popularization in the pig industry.
2. According to the method, scientific and reasonable fermented feed is arranged according to the growth characteristics of fattening pigs, in a specific manufacturing process, firstly, bean pulp, corn and wheat are mixed with zymophyte, then, the materials are controlled to be in proper moisture, sealing fermentation is carried out, the protein content in the bean pulp, the corn and the wheat can be excited out in a primary fermentation process, the protein content can be absorbed by pigs, the bean pulp, the corn and the wheat are combined for fermentation, the fermentation effect is good, the nutritive value is high, the secondary fermentation is carried out by adding the cut-off green feed for fermentation, no microbial inoculum is needed at the moment, the direct fermentation can be carried out in stages, the palatability of the fermented feed can be improved, and experiments show that the fermented feed prepared in the mode has lower meat-feed ratio after the pigs eat in a fattening period and high economic benefit.
3. In the specific application process of the feed, firstly, the feed is mixed with basic ration of pigs, the fermented feed prepared by the secondary fermentation mode is used as the fermented feed to be mixed with the basic ration, and the ratio of the added amount to the basic ration is 0.4-0.5:1, the conventional fermented feed additive amount generally does not exceed 15%, firstly, due to insufficient nutritional ingredients of the fermented feed, secondly, the excessive fermented feed is added to cause poor palatability, pigs belong to non-ruminants, experiments show that the excessive fermented feed can cause reduced feeding enthusiasm, obviously, the fermented feed solves the problems, has outstanding application value, and in addition, after the fermented feed and basic ration are mixed, the additive powder obtained by mixing gypsum powder and soda powder is added, so that the nutritional value of the feed can be improved, the acid-base value of the feed is regulated, and the palatability is improved.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The following detailed description of the present invention will provide further details in order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of fermented feed for fattening pigs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 200 parts by weight of soybean meal, 60 parts by weight of corn, 170 parts by weight of wheat and 1 part by weight of composite probiotics, adding water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 25%, and performing sealed fermentation for 48 hours to obtain a fermentation material A; the compound probiotics are prepared from a feed starter, a bean pulp starter and a silage starter according to the mass ratio of 3:1: mixing at a ratio of 0.5; the feed starter comprises lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus; the soybean meal starter is a strong micro-soybean meal starter; the silage ferment is lactic acid bacteria;
(2) Secondary fermentation: cutting green feed into small sections with the length of 0.5cm, mixing the small sections with the fermentation material A obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion of 10:3, adding a proper amount of water until the water content of the material reaches 55%, sealing and fermenting for 15 days, and drying until the water content is 13%, thus obtaining the fermented feed for fattening pigs;
the temperature of the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation is 20 ℃; the green feed is sweet potato vine.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of fermented feed for fattening pigs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 220 parts by weight of soybean meal, 70 parts by weight of corn, 172 parts by weight of wheat and 2 parts by weight of composite probiotics, adding water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 27%, and performing sealed fermentation for 48 hours to obtain a fermentation material A; the compound probiotics are prepared from a feed starter, a bean pulp starter and a silage starter according to the mass ratio of 3:1: mixing at a ratio of 0.7; the feed starter comprises lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus; the soybean meal starter is a strong micro-soybean meal starter; the silage ferment is lactic acid bacteria;
(2) Secondary fermentation: cutting green feed into small sections with the length of 0.7cm, mixing the small sections with the fermentation material A obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion of 5:2, adding a proper amount of water until the water content of the material reaches 60%, sealing and fermenting for 15 days, and drying until the water content is 13%, thus obtaining the fermented feed for fattening pigs;
the temperature of the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation is 22 ℃; the green feed is pumpkin vine.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of fermented feed for fattening pigs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 250 parts by weight of soybean meal, 75 parts by weight of corn, 172 parts by weight of wheat and 3 parts by weight of composite probiotics, adding water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 30%, and performing sealed fermentation for 48 hours to obtain a fermentation material A; the compound probiotics are prepared from a feed starter, a bean pulp starter and a silage starter according to the mass ratio of 3:1:1, mixing the materials in proportion; the feed starter comprises lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and bacillus; the soybean meal starter is a strong micro-soybean meal starter; the silage ferment is lactic acid bacteria;
(2) Secondary fermentation: cutting green feed into 1cm segments, mixing the small segments with the fermentation material A obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion of 2:1, adding a proper amount of water until the water content of the material reaches 65%, sealing and fermenting for 15 days, and drying until the water content is 13%, thus obtaining the fermented feed for fattening pigs;
the temperature of the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation is 25 ℃; the green feed is prepared by mixing sweet potato vine and pumpkin vine according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides an application of a fermented feed for fattening pigs, wherein the application is that the fermented feed for fattening pigs described in the embodiment 3 is applied to feeding of fattening pigs, the feeding method comprises the steps of preparing a fattening pig feed by combining the fermented feed for fattening pigs with basic daily ration, and then feeding only fattening pigs in a fattening period with the fattening pig feed; the preparation method of the fattening pig feed specifically comprises the following steps: the basic ration and the fermented feed for fattening pigs are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing the materials according to a proportion of 0.45, and then adding additive powder accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the mixture, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain the fattening pig feed, wherein the additive powder comprises gypsum powder and soda ash according to a mass ratio of 4:5, and mixing the materials in proportion.
Wherein the basic ration comprises corn, soybean meal, zeolite powder, shell powder, calcium chloride phosphate, salt, minerals and compound multivitamins.
To illustrate the effect of the present application, the applicant has made the following tests:
test one: testing the nutrient level content of the fermented feed
The applicant first prepared a fermented feed according to the method described in example 3 and analyzed the nutritional content of the fermented feed prepared:
wherein, the fermented feed is dry material with water content of 13%, and the preparation method and parameters are the same except the emphasized different points, and after the fermented feed is prepared, part of the effective components are detected and recorded as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition and nutrient levels of fermented feeds (air-dried basis)
And (2) testing II: comparison of conventional feeds and test group feeds
Next, the applicant further compared the nutritional levels of the following test and control group feeds, wherein the feed ingredients of the test and control groups are shown in table 2, and the fermented feed is the fermented feed of example 3:
table 2 feed composition ratio (air-dried basis) of test and control groups%
The nutritional levels of the diets of the control and test groups in table 2 were compared as shown in table 3:
table 3 comparison of the nutritional levels of the test and control groups
From the results in table 3, it can be seen that the nutrition level of the feed used in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group.
And (3) test III: testing the feeding effect of each group of feeds
The test further applies the fermented feed to the breeding of fattening pigs, compares the growth conditions of pigs in the following groups, and is specifically divided into the following groups:
a first group: feeds described in test group two;
second group: feed as described in control group in test two.
About 25kg of healthy about Du Changliu ternary mixed pigs are selected and divided into 100 groups of test groups and control groups, 50 pigs in each group are bred in a housing of 10 pigs. 113d, wherein the pre-test period is 7d, the meal is fed in a diluted mode, the meal is increased or decreased according to appetite, and the formal test is started after the normal feed intake is achieved. And in the normal test period 106d, the test pigs are free to eat, drink water and move freely in the whole process, and are immunized, healthy and insect-repellent regularly. Recording initial weight and final weight of the test pigs, counting the feed consumed in the test process, and calculating the net weight gain, daily weight gain and other values of the test pigs.
Net weight gain (NW) =test pig last weight-test pig initial weight
Average daily feed intake =total feed intake during feeding/age of feeding day
Average Daily Gain (ADG) =net gain/day of trial
And analyzing the cost of the test pig mixture and the cost of the fermentation material, and calculating the weight gain cost and benefit of each kilogram by combining the feed consumption in the test process.
Weight gain unit cost = (mix × base unit price + ferment × ferment unit price)/net weight gain
Feed cost = daily ration cost of actual consumption/total net weight increase during the test period
Head average gain = head average net weight gain x unit weight gain reduction cost
The results are recorded in table 4:
table 4 table of pig growth traits in test and control groups
Note that: the same letter in the same row indicates that the difference is not significant (P > 0.05), and the different lower case letters indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), as shown below.
According to the results in table 4, there was no significant difference in the start and end weights of the test and control groups (P > 0.05); the net gain of the test group was 10.48% higher than that of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05); the average daily feed intake test group is 19.91% higher than the control group, and significant difference exists between the two groups (P < 0.05); the average daily gain of the test group was 10.11% higher than that of the control group, significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).
In summary, the applicant further analyzed the economic benefits of feed farming: the cost of the test group feed is 2.25 yuan/kg, the cost of the control group feed is 2.56 yuan/kg, the weight gain cost of the test group per kg is 8.31 yuan, and the weight gain cost of the control group per kg is 9.88 yuan; compared with the control group, the cost of the test group is reduced by 1.57 yuan/kg, and the feed cost is saved by 15.89%. The test group heads are all net weighted by 69.96kg, and the gain of the test group heads is increased by 109.84 yuan according to the weight of 1kg and the cost of 1.57 yuan. Therefore, the mode of the application is adopted for raising the fattening pigs, and the economic benefit of raising can be improved.
The above examples only represent a few embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be assessed as that of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of fermented feed for fattening pigs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Primary fermentation: mixing 200-250 parts by weight of soybean meal, 60-80 parts by weight of corn, 170-175 parts by weight of wheat and 1-3 parts by weight of composite probiotics, adding water into the mixture until the water content of the mixture is 25-30%, and performing sealed fermentation for 48 hours to obtain a fermentation material A;
(2) Secondary fermentation: cutting the green feed into small sections with the length of 0.5-1cm, mixing the small sections with the fermentation material A obtained in the step (1) according to the proportion of 10:3-5, adding a proper amount of water until the water content of the material reaches 55-65%, sealing and fermenting for 15 days, and drying until the water content is 13%, thereby obtaining the fermented feed for fattening pigs.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound probiotics are prepared from a feed starter, a bean pulp starter and a silage starter according to a mass ratio of 3:1: mixing at a ratio of 0.5-1.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the feed starter comprises lactic acid bacteria, yeast and bacillus; the soybean meal starter is a strong micro-soybean meal starter; the silage starter is lactobacillus.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation are each 20-25 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the green feed is sweet potato vine and/or pumpkin vine.
6. The use of a fermented feed for finishing pigs according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the fermented feed for finishing pigs is used for feeding finishing pigs by preparing the finishing pig feed by combining the fermented feed for finishing pigs with basic ration, and then feeding the finishing pig feed to pigs in the finishing stage.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method of the fattening pig feed comprises the following steps: the basic ration and the fermented feed for fattening pigs are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 0.4-0.5, adding 0.4-0.6% of the weight of the mixture, and stirring thoroughly to obtain the fattening pig feed.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the additive powder is prepared from gypsum powder and soda ash according to a mass ratio of 4:5, and mixing the materials in proportion.
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