CN116024463A - High-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116024463A CN116024463A CN202310187989.0A CN202310187989A CN116024463A CN 116024463 A CN116024463 A CN 116024463A CN 202310187989 A CN202310187989 A CN 202310187989A CN 116024463 A CN116024463 A CN 116024463A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- -1 aluminum rare earth Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-hardness low-friction coefficient aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, which greatly improve the performance of aluminum alloy, in particular to high-hardness low-friction coefficient, and in addition, high strength and elongation are obtained by introducing a small amount of glassy carbon and mixed rare earth elements into an aluminum alloy high-temperature melt, so that the aluminum alloy material can be used for casting without heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has a low density. High specific rigidity, high specific strength, good heat and electric conductivity good plasticity, small expansion coefficient and the like, and can be widely applied in a plurality of fields. However, aluminum alloys have the disadvantages of low hardness, poor wear resistance, high friction coefficient, and the like. Aluminum alloy is a relatively soft material, is easily worn, is defective, and is difficult to use under the working condition of high hardness requirement, such as parts with serious friction and wear, such as bolts, nuts, screws and the like. The hardness of the aluminum alloy is in the range of 110-135 Vickers, which is far lower than that of steel parts, and the use range of the aluminum alloy can be greatly expanded by replacing steel with aluminum by improving the hardness of the aluminum alloy. There are many factors that determine the properties of a material, and the properties of a metallic material are mainly affected by the structure of the structure. The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, easy processing and forming, excellent economy and wide application, aluminum itself has higher elongation, and needs to have demoulding property and fluidity simultaneously because of meeting the die casting process, and all mechanical properties need to reach the standard, and the elongation of the mainstream die casting aluminum alloy at present needs to be improved to more than 10% through heat treatment. The purpose of the heat treatment is to improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy.
The heat treatment technology of aluminum alloy is to select a certain heat treatment standard, control the heating speed to rise to a certain corresponding temperature when heat treating aluminum alloy products, keep warm for a certain time and cool at a certain speed, and change the structural organization of the alloy. The specific process and mechanism comprise annealing, quenching, aging treatment and the like, wherein the annealing is to remove internal stress of the casting, promote the spheroidization of part of silicon crystals of the Al-Si alloy, and effectively improve the plasticity of the alloy. Quenching is solution treatment and quenching treatment, and aims to fix the strengthening phase. The solution treatment can fully dissolve various phases in the alloy, strengthen the solid solution, and improve the toughness and corrosion resistance of the alloy. Ageing treatment is divided into natural ageing and artificial ageing, and refers to a process of storing a material at a room temperature and a higher temperature for a longer time, and generally after ageing treatment, the hardness and strength of an aluminum alloy are increased, but the plasticity, toughness and internal stress are reduced.
The aluminum alloy die casting is not suitable for heat treatment, and the quality risks such as deformation, foaming and the like of the casting are easy to cause due to stress release, dead weight, quenching and the like in the heat treatment process, and the aluminum alloy die casting has no economical efficiency and the aim of energy conservation and emission reduction advocated by China.
In addition, the large-scale integrated die casting technology which is raised along with tesla has become one of the most popular development trends in the industry, and the popularization and application of the integrated die casting technology require equipment, dies, processes, materials and the like to be matched with the integrated die casting technology. Because the projection area of the integrated die casting is large, the heat treatment is extremely easy to cause the dimensional deformation and the surface defect of the parts, and huge cost risks are required to be born for large-scale integrated parts. Therefore, the integrated die cast tends to use a heat-treatment-free aluminum alloy material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems in the background art and discloses a high-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy material with high hardness and low friction coefficient is characterized by comprising ferrosilicon, copper, manganese, magnesium and strontium and also containing a small amount of glassy carbon, wherein the mass percentages of the groups are as follows: 7-12% of zirconium, 0.1-1.4% of glassy carbon, 0.3-0.7% of titanium, 0.0001-0.2% of rhenium, 0.0001-0.2% of cerium, 0.0001-0.2% of strontium and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities; wherein the mass percentage of the impurity content is less than 0.15%. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above aluminum alloy material with high hardness and low friction coefficient. The preparation method comprises the following preparation steps: heating up and melting 99.7% or more of raw aluminum A00, wherein the melting temperature is 650-720 ℃, adding zirconium according to the percentage of 7-12% after the melting of A00 is finished, heating up and melting, the melting temperature is 730-800 ℃, introducing 0.1-1.4% of glass carbon fine powder into the melt after the melting of zirconium, the particle size of the glass carbon fine powder is 5-1000 nanometers, stirring uniformly, and then adding titanium according to the percentage of 0.4-0.7%. And after the aluminum, zirconium, titanium and carbon are melted, obtaining aluminum, zirconium, titanium and carbon melts, adjusting the aluminum alloy solution to 690-720 ℃, adding rare earth aluminum intermediate alloy according to the percentage of 0.0001-0.2% of rhenium, cerium and strontium, and heating a die to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot or casting. Because of the introduction of nitrogen element, the aluminum alloy material disclosed by the invention has high hardness, reaches 150HBW, has the elongation of more than or equal to 10 percent and the friction coefficient of less than 0.25, and can be used for casting without heat treatment.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Example 1
In this embodiment, an aluminum alloy A is provided 1 The chemical components in percentage by weight are: zirconium 7.0%, glassy carbon 0.1%, titanium 0.4%, rhenium, cerium, strontium 0.02%, the remainder being aluminum and unavoidable impurities; wherein the impurity content is less than 0.15% by mass, and the balance is Al. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: heating up to melt 99.7% or more of raw aluminum A00, wherein the melting temperature is 650 ℃, adding zirconium according to the percentage of 7% after the melting of the raw aluminum A00 is finished, heating up to melt, wherein the melting temperature is 730 ℃, introducing 0.1% of glass carbon with the grain diameter of 5 nanometers into the melt after the melting of the zirconium, and adding 0.4% of zirconium according to the percentageAdding titanium. After the aluminum, zirconium, titanium and carbon melts are obtained, the aluminum alloy solution is adjusted to 690 ℃, and rare earth aluminum intermediate alloy is added according to the percentage of 0.0001% of rhenium, cerium and strontium to prepare the aluminum alloy A 1 The aluminum alloy ingot is sent to a side furnace of a die casting machine to be melted and is subjected to die casting production, wherein the die casting process parameters are as follows: the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the die preheating temperature is 260 ℃, the casting pressurizing pressure is 300MPa, and the injection speed is 4m/s. The die-cast sample obtained in this example was a thin-walled casting (thickness 3 mm), and the hardness was measured to be 82HBW, the elongation was 11%, and the coefficient of friction was 0.25.
Example 2
In this embodiment, an aluminum alloy A is provided 2 The chemical components in percentage by weight are: 9.6% of zirconium, 0.8% of glassy carbon, 0.5% of titanium, 0.1% of rhenium, cerium and strontium, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities; wherein the impurity content is less than 0.15% by mass, and the balance is Al. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: heating up and melting 99.7% or more of raw aluminum A00, wherein the melting temperature is 650 ℃, adding zirconium according to the percentage of 9.6% after the melting of the raw aluminum A00 is finished, heating up and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 730 ℃, introducing 0.8% of glass carbon fine powder into the melt after the melting of the zirconium, wherein the particle size of the glass carbon fine powder is 100 nanometers, and then adding titanium according to the percentage of 0.5%. After the aluminum, zirconium, titanium and carbon melts are obtained, the aluminum alloy solution is adjusted to 700 ℃, and rare earth aluminum intermediate alloy is added according to the percentage of 0.1 percent of rhenium, cerium and strontium to prepare the aluminum alloy A 2 The aluminum alloy ingot is sent to a side furnace of a die casting machine to be melted and is subjected to die casting production, wherein the die casting process parameters are as follows: the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the die preheating temperature is 260 ℃, the casting pressurizing pressure is 300MPa, and the injection speed is 4m/s. The die-cast sample obtained in this example was a thin-walled casting (thickness 3 mm), and the hardness was measured to be 102HBW, the elongation was 11%, and the coefficient of friction was 0.22.
Example 3
In this embodiment, an aluminum alloy A is provided 3 The chemical components in percentage by weight are: 12.0% of zirconium, 1.4% of glassy carbon, 0.7% of titanium, 0.02% of rhenium, cerium and strontium, and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities; wherein the impurity content is less than 0.15% by mass, and the balance is Al. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: collectingHeating up and melting with 99.7% or more of raw aluminum A00, wherein the melting temperature is 650 ℃, adding zirconium according to the percentage of 12% after the melting of the A00 is finished, heating up and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 730 ℃, introducing 1.4% of glassy carbon into the melt after the melting of the zirconium, wherein the particle size of the glassy carbon is 1000 nanometers, and then adding titanium according to the percentage of 0.7%. After the aluminum, zirconium, titanium and carbon melts are obtained, the aluminum alloy solution is adjusted to 690 ℃, and rare earth aluminum intermediate alloy is added according to the percentage of 0.2 percent of rhenium, cerium and strontium to prepare the aluminum alloy A 3 The aluminum alloy ingot is sent to a side furnace of a die casting machine to be melted and is subjected to die casting production, wherein the die casting process parameters are as follows: the casting temperature is 700 ℃, the die preheating temperature is 260 ℃, the casting pressurizing pressure is 300MPa, and the injection speed is 4m/s. The die-cast sample obtained in this example was a thin-walled casting (thickness 3 mm), and its hardness was measured to be 150HBW, elongation was 13%, and coefficient of friction was 0.18.
Claims (5)
1. The high-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 7-12% of zirconium, 0.1-1.4% of glassy carbon, 0.3-0.7% of titanium, 0.0001-0.2% of rhenium, 0.0001-0.2% of cerium, 0.0001-0.2% of strontium and the balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities, wherein the mass percentage of the impurity content is less than 0.15%.
2. A process for preparing high-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminium alloy material includes such steps as heating to smelting raw Al (A00) at temp (650-720 deg.C) to 7-12% of Zr, heating to 730-800 deg.C, smelting Si, adding fine glass-carbon powder and 0.4-0.7% of Ti. And after the aluminum, zirconium, titanium and carbon are melted, obtaining aluminum, zirconium, titanium and carbon melts, adjusting the temperature of the aluminum alloy solution to 690-720 ℃, adding an aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy into the aluminum alloy solution according to the percentage of 0.0001-0.2% of rhenium, cerium and strontium, and heating a die to obtain an aluminum alloy cast ingot or casting.
3. According to the preparation method of the high-hardness low-friction coefficient aluminum alloy material, the mass fraction of the glassy carbon fine powder is 0.1-1.4%, and the particle size is 5-1000 nanometers.
4. According to the preparation method of the high-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material, the hardness of the prepared aluminum alloy material can reach 120HBW, the friction coefficient is lower than 0.25, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10%.
5. According to the method for preparing the high-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material in claim 2, the prepared aluminum alloy material can be used for casting without heat treatment.
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| CN202310187989.0A CN116024463A (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | High-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202310187989.0A CN116024463A (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-02 | High-hardness low-friction-coefficient aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105154725A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-16 | 河北四通新型金属材料股份有限公司 | High-end Al-Zr intermediate alloy and industrial preparation method |
| CN106498316A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-03-15 | 芜湖扬展新材料科技服务有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy materials for cable and preparation method thereof |
| US20190032175A1 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2019-01-31 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Aluminum alloys with grain refiners, and methods for making and using the same |
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2023
- 2023-03-02 CN CN202310187989.0A patent/CN116024463A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105154725A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-16 | 河北四通新型金属材料股份有限公司 | High-end Al-Zr intermediate alloy and industrial preparation method |
| CN106498316A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-03-15 | 芜湖扬展新材料科技服务有限公司 | A kind of aluminum alloy materials for cable and preparation method thereof |
| US20190032175A1 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2019-01-31 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | Aluminum alloys with grain refiners, and methods for making and using the same |
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