CN116014823A - Low-cost super capacitor charging circuit suitable for single-phase electric energy meter - Google Patents
Low-cost super capacitor charging circuit suitable for single-phase electric energy meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN116014823A CN116014823A CN202111227894.4A CN202111227894A CN116014823A CN 116014823 A CN116014823 A CN 116014823A CN 202111227894 A CN202111227894 A CN 202111227894A CN 116014823 A CN116014823 A CN 116014823A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
- G06F1/30—Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-cost super-capacitor charging circuit and a system suitable for a single-phase electric energy meter, wherein the charging circuit is used for charging a super-capacitor, and the voltage output by a charging voltage output end is regulated by an output voltage regulating module connected between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end, so that the voltage at two ends of the super-capacitor to be charged is reduced, and the overall service life index of the single-phase intelligent electric energy meter is improved. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the current consumed by the charging circuit is low, the working state of the circuit of the charging circuit is stable, the device is simple in structure and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of capacitor charging, in particular to a low-cost super capacitor charging circuit and system suitable for a single-phase electric energy meter.
Background
Super capacitors are commonly adopted in the industry of intelligent electric energy meters as energy storage devices, and the technical specifications of single-phase intelligent electric energy meters strictly limit indexes such as charging time of a super capacitor charging circuit and self leakage current. At present, the intelligent electric energy meter industry faces the problem of improving the service life index of the whole machine.
The service life index of the whole single-phase intelligent electric energy meter is improved, and long-life components or circuits corresponding to key components are required to be adopted or reduced in number; because the existing super capacitor charging scheme takes the rated voltage of the super capacitor as the charging cut-off voltage, the service life index and the circuit index requirements cannot be met at the same time, and therefore, a new technical scheme needs to be researched and developed aiming at the contradiction.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above situation in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-cost super capacitor charging circuit and a system suitable for a single-phase electric energy meter, and the output of the charging circuit is adjustable by setting an output voltage adjusting module, so that the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor to be charged is reduced, and the service life index of the whole single-phase intelligent electric energy meter is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a low-cost supercapacitor charge circuit suitable for use in a single-phase electric energy meter, the charge circuit being used for charging a supercapacitor, and comprising a charge voltage input terminal, an output voltage regulation module and a charge voltage output terminal; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the charging voltage input end is connected with an input charging voltage;
the charging voltage output end is connected with a super capacitor to be charged and is used for outputting charging voltage to the super voltage;
the output voltage adjusting module is connected between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end and is used for adjusting the voltage output by the charging voltage output end.
Further, the device also comprises a temperature compensation module;
the temperature compensation module is connected with the output voltage adjusting module and is used for performing temperature compensation on the output voltage adjusting module.
Further, the device also comprises a current limiting module;
the current limiting module is connected to the charging loop between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end so as to limit the current of the charging loop.
Further, the output voltage regulation module comprises a first regulation resistor, a second regulation resistor and a voltage regulation transistor;
the first regulating resistor and the second regulating resistor are connected in series between the charging voltage input end and the grounding end, and the series connection point of the first regulating resistor and the second regulating resistor is connected with the base electrode of the voltage regulating transistor;
the collector and emitter of the voltage regulating transistor are connected between the charging voltage input terminal and the charging voltage output terminal.
Further, the voltage output by the charging voltage output end is adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of the first adjusting resistor and the second adjusting resistor.
Further, the first and second adjusting resistors include a film-type variable resistor and a wire-wound variable resistor.
Further, the temperature compensation module comprises a temperature compensation transistor;
the base of the temperature compensation transistor is connected with the base of the voltage regulating transistor.
Further, the temperature compensation transistor and the BE junction temperature coefficient of the voltage regulating transistor are the same or close.
Further, the current limiting module comprises a current limiting resistor;
the current limiting resistor is connected between the charging voltage input end and the voltage regulating transistor.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a charging system with an adjustable output voltage, comprising an intelligent ammeter and a charging circuit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the charging circuit comprises a low-cost super-capacitor charging circuit suitable for the intelligent electric energy meter according to the first aspect of the invention; the intelligent electric energy meter comprises a single-phase intelligent electric energy meter or a three-phase intelligent electric energy meter;
the charging circuit is connected with the super capacitor in the single-phase intelligent electric energy meter and is used for charging the super capacitor.
In summary, the invention provides a low-cost super capacitor charging circuit and a system suitable for a single-phase electric energy meter, wherein the charging circuit is used for charging a super capacitor, and the voltage output by the charging voltage output end is regulated by an output voltage regulating module connected between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end, so that the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor to be charged is reduced, and the overall service life index of the single-phase intelligent electric energy meter is improved. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The current consumed by the charging circuit is low, the emitter follower is built by adopting the discrete transistor as a charging voltage output end of the super capacitor charging circuit, and the total consumed current of the charging circuit can be controlled within 1uA by selecting proper model specifications.
(2) The circuit working state of the charging circuit is stable, the value range of the regulating resistor in the output voltage regulating module is set to be within 200kΩ, interference signals such as external noise and the like are not easy to introduce, and the output voltage of the charging voltage output end is ensured to be stable.
(3) The circuit has simple structure and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a supercapacitor charge circuit of the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a low cost supercapacitor charge circuit suitable for use with a single-phase electric energy meter according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
In order to improve the service life index of the super capacitor, the service life index can be realized by reducing the voltages at two ends of the super capacitor, because the service life of the super capacitor is related to the voltages applied at two ends, and the lower the voltages applied at two ends of the super capacitor, the longer the service life of the super capacitor. Therefore, a charging scheme with adjustable output voltage is needed, so that after the voltages at two ends of the super capacitor are stable, the service life of the device and the performance index requirement of the single-phase intelligent meter on the circuit are met, and the service life index of the super capacitor can be improved.
A principle schematic diagram of a super capacitor charging circuit adopted in the prior art is shown in fig. 1, and an LDO chip with adjustable output voltage is adopted; compared with a general output adjustable LDO, the LDO has the following special performances: under the condition that the front end input voltage V-charging terminal is 0, the current consumed by the super capacitor through the loop from the pin 6OUT to the pin 2GND is not more than 3uA, and the energy in the super capacitor cannot be reversely poured into the input end. When the circuit is used for charging, proper parameters are selected for the resistors R4 and R5, and the current consumption of the super capacitor from the resistors R4 and R5 to the GND loop is controlled to be smaller than 2uA, so that the current value consumed by the charging circuit per se is not larger than 5uA under the condition that the front end V-charging is 0.
In the charging circuit, by adopting the LDO chip with special performance and the method of reducing the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor by adjusting the output voltage, the function of prolonging the service life of the super capacitor is realized, and the self current consumption index is reduced (for a single-phase intelligent electric energy meter, the load current at the rear end of the super capacitor is within 5uA, the voltage of the input end is required to be zero, and the rear end load can be maintained to normally operate for 48 hours under the condition that the super capacitor is fully charged, so the power supply time of the super capacitor is influenced by the self current consumption index of the charging circuit or the capacity selection of the super capacitor is directly determined), thereby the technical problem is solved. However, the charging circuit still has the following technical problems:
(1) The self consumption current is larger: in the case that the front-end input voltage is zero, that is, the super capacitor starts to supply power to the load at the rear stage, according to the foregoing description, the current consumed by the super capacitor charging circuit itself is about 5uA, the current consumed by the load at the rear stage is about 3uA, that is, the current consumed by the charging circuit itself accounts for about 63% of the total load current of the super capacitor. Because the super capacitor is required to maintain the time index of the normal operation of the post-stage load for 48 hours to be fixed, reducing the self consumption current of the charging circuit is equivalent to reducing the capacity of the super capacitor, and is beneficial to reducing the overall hardware cost.
(2) The circuit works unstably: in order to ensure that the current consumption through the resistors R4 and R5 to the GND loop is less than 2uA, the resistance values of the resistors R4 and R5 need to be set to be above the mΩ level, and the resistors at this level are liable to introduce interference signals such as external noise, which may cause unstable output voltages.
(3) Non-universal LDO: the inside of the LDO of the type is subjected to special treatment, so that the current consumed by a loop from a pin 6OUT to a pin 2GND can be controlled at a uA level in the power supply process of the super capacitor; therefore, the LDO has no universality and high replacement cost. And due to the special performance of the LDO, such chip costs are generally higher than those of a general LDO.
In view of the above technical problems, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a low-cost supercapacitor charge circuit suitable for use in a single-phase electric energy meter is provided. The following describes the technical scheme of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a low-cost supercapacitor charging circuit suitable for use in a single-phase electric energy meter, a schematic circuit diagram of the charging circuit is shown in fig. 2, and the charging circuit is used for charging a supercapacitor CD1, and includes a charging voltage input terminal V-charging, an output voltage regulating module and a charging voltage output terminal; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the charging voltage input terminal V-is connected with the input charging voltage.
The charging voltage output end is connected with the super capacitor CD1 to be charged and is used for outputting charging voltage to the super voltage.
The output voltage adjusting module is connected between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end and is used for adjusting the voltage output by the charging voltage output end. The output voltage regulation module may include, for example, a first regulation resistor R2, a second regulation resistor R3, and a voltage regulation transistor Q2; the first regulating resistor R2 and the second regulating resistor R3 are connected in series between the charging voltage input end V-charging and the grounding end DGND, and the series connection point of the first regulating resistor R2 and the second regulating resistor R3 is connected with the base electrode of the voltage regulating transistor Q2; the collector and emitter of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 are connected between the charging voltage input V-charging and the charging voltage output. According to the output voltage adjusting module provided in this embodiment, the voltage output by the charging voltage output terminal may be adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of the first adjusting resistor R2 and the second adjusting resistor R3. The first adjusting resistor R2 and the second adjusting resistor R3 may be, for example, a film type variable resistor and a wire winding type variable resistor, or other adjustable resistance elements with adjustable resistance values commonly used in the art, which are not specifically limited herein. In the output voltage regulating module, an emitter follower circuit is formed by a first regulating resistor R2, a second regulating resistor R3 and a voltage regulating transistor Q2, and the emitter follower circuit has two functions:
(1) Under the condition that the voltage of V-charge is lower than the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor, the BE junction of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 plays a role in preventing the reverse filling of the super capacitor, for example, the reverse leakage current of the BE junction can BE controlled within 1 mu A in the full temperature range by selecting the low-power triode BC 817.
(2) Under the condition that the voltage of the input end V-charging is fixed, the output voltage of the emitter of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 is changed by adjusting the resistance values of the first regulating resistor R2 and the second regulating resistor R3, and the effect of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 is similar to that of a feedback resistor of an adjustable output LDO, so that the charging circuit provided by the embodiment can be flexibly applied to different occasions.
The charging circuit may also include a temperature compensation module and a current limiting module.
The temperature compensation module is connected with the output voltage adjusting module and is used for performing temperature compensation on the output voltage adjusting module. The temperature compensation module may include a temperature compensation transistor Q3; the base of the temperature compensation transistor Q3 is connected to the base of the voltage regulating transistor Q2. The temperature compensation transistor Q3 is the same as or close to the BE junction temperature coefficient of the voltage regulating transistor Q2. Since the BE junction voltage drop of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 has a negative temperature effect, namely, under the condition that the current passing through the BE junction is unchanged, the higher the ambient temperature is, the smaller the BE junction voltage drop is, otherwise, the lower the ambient temperature is, the larger the BE junction voltage drop is; the BE junction voltage drop is affected by the ambient temperature, which causes the output voltage set by the first regulating resistor R2 and the second regulating resistor R3 (emitter follower characteristic determines that the E-pole voltage of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 is equal to the divided voltage value of the first regulating resistor R2 and the second regulating resistor R3 minus the BE junction voltage drop) to change accordingly. Since the service life of the super capacitor and the voltages at two ends follow the following rules: the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor is reduced by 0.2V each time, and the service life is doubled; otherwise, the voltage at two ends is increased by 0.2V, and the service life is shortened by half. Therefore, the change of the emitter output voltage of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 has a larger influence on the service life of the super capacitor. In order to reduce voltage fluctuation caused by temperature influence of emitter output voltage of the voltage regulating transistor Q2, a temperature compensating transistor Q3 with the same model as the voltage regulating transistor Q2 is adopted, and a BE junction of the temperature compensating transistor Q3 is connected in series between a base electrode of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 and a second regulating resistor R3; because the voltage regulating transistor Q2 and the temperature compensating transistor Q3 belong to transistors of the same model, the temperature coefficient of the BE junction is close, and the temperature compensation can BE better carried out. The principle of temperature compensation is as follows:
before compensation: ("V-charging" voltage is unchanged)
Temperature rise→v of voltage regulating crystal Q2 BE Descending- & gt the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor rises;
temperature drop-V of voltage regulating crystal Q2 BE Rising→voltage drop across the super capacitor.
After compensation: ("V-charging" voltage is unchanged)
Temperature rise→v of voltage regulating transistor Q2 BE drop-V of temperature compensation transistor Q3 BE Variable voltage offset voltage regulating transistor Q2V BE Partial change of temperature compensation transistor Q3 BE falling-V of voltage regulating transistor Q2 B Descending;
temperature drop-V of voltage regulating transistor Q2 BE rising-V of temperature compensation transistor Q3 BE Variable voltage offset voltage regulating transistor Q2V BE Partial change of temperature compensation transistor Q3 BE rising-V of voltage regulating transistor Q2 B Rising.
The data of the actual measurement of the above temperature compensation effect at high and low temperatures are shown in table 1 (front end input voltage 5v±1%):
TABLE 1
| Temperature/voltage | V-super capacitor (measured 30min after charging; set charge cut-off voltage 4.1V) |
| -40℃ | 4.02V |
| 25℃ | 4.04V |
| 70℃ | 4.17V |
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the output voltage of the charging circuit has a variation of 0.15V in the range of-40 to 70 ℃, the variation rate of the charging circuit compared with the set output voltage is 0.15V/4.1 v=3.6%, the corresponding output voltage precision is about ±1.8%, and the output voltage stabilizing performance index meets the requirements of the super capacitor.
The current limiting module is connected to the charging loop between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end so as to limit the current of the charging loop. The current limiting module may include a current limiting resistor R1, the current limiting resistor R1 being connected between the charging voltage input V-charge and the voltage regulating transistor. In a period of time when the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor CD1 to be charged is low and the whole single-phase intelligent electric energy meter is powered on, the V-charging charges the super capacitor CD1 through a CE junction of the current limiting resistor R1 and the voltage regulating transistor Q2; the current limiting resistor R1 can prevent the charge current from being too large, so that the voltage of the V-charge of the input end is pulled down, and the over-power of the voltage regulating transistor Q2 is burnt out.
The charging circuit formed by the emitter follower with temperature compensation and composed of the discrete devices realizes the functions of low cost, flexible and adjustable output voltage, low self consumption current, temperature compensation and the like, and can be widely applied to products such as single-phase intelligent electric energy meters and the like.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a charging system with adjustable output voltage is provided, which comprises a single-phase intelligent ammeter and a charging circuit; the charging circuit comprises a low-cost super-capacitor charging circuit suitable for the single-phase electric energy meter according to the first embodiment of the invention; the charging circuit is connected with the super capacitor in the single-phase intelligent electric energy meter and is used for charging the super capacitor.
In summary, the invention relates to a low-cost super capacitor charging circuit and a system suitable for a single-phase electric energy meter, wherein the charging circuit is used for charging a super capacitor, and the voltage output by the charging voltage output end is regulated by an output voltage regulating module connected between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end, so that the voltage at two ends of the super capacitor to be charged is reduced, and the overall service life index of the single-phase intelligent electric energy meter is improved. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the current consumed by the charging circuit is low, the working state of the circuit of the charging circuit is stable, the device is simple in structure and the cost is low.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explanation of the principles of the present invention and are in no way limiting of the invention. Accordingly, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and boundary.
Claims (10)
1. The low-cost super capacitor charging circuit suitable for the single-phase electric energy meter is used for charging a super capacitor and is characterized by comprising a charging voltage input end, an output voltage regulating module and a charging voltage output end; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the charging voltage input end is connected with an input charging voltage;
the charging voltage output end is connected with a super capacitor to be charged and is used for outputting charging voltage to the super voltage;
the output voltage adjusting module is connected between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end and is used for adjusting the voltage output by the charging voltage output end.
2. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a temperature compensation module;
the temperature compensation module is connected with the output voltage adjusting module and is used for performing temperature compensation on the output voltage adjusting module.
3. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a current limiting module;
the current limiting module is connected to the charging loop between the charging voltage input end and the charging voltage output end so as to limit the current of the charging loop.
4. The circuit of claim 3, wherein the output voltage regulation module comprises a first regulation resistor, a second regulation resistor, and a voltage regulation transistor;
the first regulating resistor and the second regulating resistor are connected in series between the charging voltage input end and the grounding end, and the series connection point of the first regulating resistor and the second regulating resistor is connected with the base electrode of the voltage regulating transistor;
the collector and emitter of the voltage regulating transistor are connected between the charging voltage input terminal and the charging voltage output terminal.
5. The circuit of claim 4, wherein the voltage output by the charging voltage output is regulated by adjusting the resistances of the first and second regulating resistors.
6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the first and second tuning resistors comprise film-type and wire-wound variable resistors.
7. The circuit of claim 6, wherein the temperature compensation module comprises a temperature compensation transistor;
the base of the temperature compensation transistor is connected with the base of the voltage regulating transistor.
8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the temperature compensation transistor and the voltage regulation transistor have a BE junction temperature coefficient that is the same or close to.
9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the current limiting module comprises a current limiting resistor;
the current limiting resistor is connected between the charging voltage input end and the voltage regulating transistor.
10. The charging system with the adjustable output voltage is characterized by comprising an intelligent electric energy meter and a charging circuit; wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the charging circuit comprises a low-cost super-capacitor charging circuit suitable for the intelligent electric energy meter according to any one of claims 1-9; the intelligent electric energy meter comprises a single-phase intelligent electric energy meter or a three-phase intelligent electric energy meter;
the charging circuit is connected with the super capacitor in the single-phase intelligent electric energy meter and is used for charging the super capacitor.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111227894.4A CN116014823A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Low-cost super capacitor charging circuit suitable for single-phase electric energy meter |
| PCT/CN2021/129417 WO2023065416A1 (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-11-08 | Low-cost supercapacitor charging circuit suitable for single-phase electricity meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111227894.4A CN116014823A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Low-cost super capacitor charging circuit suitable for single-phase electric energy meter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116014823A true CN116014823A (en) | 2023-04-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111227894.4A Pending CN116014823A (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Low-cost super capacitor charging circuit suitable for single-phase electric energy meter |
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| CN (1) | CN116014823A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023065416A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013101162A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Intel Corporation | Ultra-capacitor based energy storage for appliances |
| CN103870400B (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2018-11-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of voltage adjusting method of super capacitor, apparatus and system |
| CN206349778U (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-07-21 | 金卡智能集团股份有限公司 | A kind of capacitor charging circuit |
| CN211351758U (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-08-25 | 深圳市越疆科技有限公司 | Capacitor circuit and capacitor device |
| CN211606119U (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-09-29 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Power adjusting device and motor drive device of super capacitor |
| CN111799874A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-10-20 | 天津七一二通信广播股份有限公司 | Power management circuit of super capacitor and implementation method thereof |
| CN113296567B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-07-15 | 威胜信息技术股份有限公司 | Voltage self-following reverse-filling prevention circuit |
-
2021
- 2021-10-21 CN CN202111227894.4A patent/CN116014823A/en active Pending
- 2021-11-08 WO PCT/CN2021/129417 patent/WO2023065416A1/en unknown
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