CN115992322A - Preparation method of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
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- CN115992322A CN115992322A CN202211626360.3A CN202211626360A CN115992322A CN 115992322 A CN115992322 A CN 115992322A CN 202211626360 A CN202211626360 A CN 202211626360A CN 115992322 A CN115992322 A CN 115992322A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001029 Hf alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RVYOQIHOUTVEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum hafnium Chemical compound [Al].[Hf] RVYOQIHOUTVEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 aluminum manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 6.0 weight percent, si:2.3 to 3.3 weight percent, mn:0.5 to 0.8 weight percent, ti:0.01 to 0.2 weight percent, hf:0.1 to 0.3 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03 weight percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.07 weight percent of Zn, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si satisfies: 1.8 to 2.1. By controlling the components of the aluminum alloy and the preparation method, the Mg is realized 2 The area ratio of the Si phase is controlled to be 6.0-9.5％；MgO、Al 2 O 3 The content of the inclusions is controlled below 1%; the alpha-Al phase is spherical, and the average grain size is less than or equal to 45 mu m; mg of 2 The lamellar spacing of the Si phase is less than or equal to 3 mu m. Finally, the aluminum alloy die casting has excellent performances of high strength, elongation, fatigue strength and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a preparation method of aluminum alloy.
Background
The aluminum alloy is used as a common metal structural material of a vehicle body, has the advantages of small density, high specific strength and good damping effect, is applied to components such as an automobile damping tower, an automobile rear longitudinal beam and the like, has obvious weight reduction advantage, can realize good strength and rigidity, and has high fatigue resistance. The integrated design and the integrated die-casting forming are beneficial to reducing the processing process, and meanwhile, the casting structure design is flexible, so that the requirements of different products can be met.
With the proposal and application of the integral die casting technology concept, the research and application of the novel heat treatment-free die casting aluminum alloy gradually become hot spots, and mainly concentrate on two major categories of Al-Si series and Al-Mg series. The two types of aluminum alloys generally have medium strength and toughness, and development of novel die casting alloys requires further improvement of strength and/or toughness, and have good fluidity and casting performance. Once the heat treatment process is omitted, the material is directly used in an as-cast state, and the material composition, the melt quality and the control of the die casting process are key means for obtaining ideal structure and performance, because the casting performance is sensitive to the material composition and casting defects, especially the elongation after break. Mg element in Al-Mg aluminum alloy is easy to oxidize and slag, and the quality of melt is particularly difficult to control, so that the performance of die castings is reduced.
The invention provides a preparation method of an Al-Mg series die-casting aluminum alloy, solves the problem of difficult control of smelting quality through a series of measures, further improves the material performance through microalloying, and can meet the requirements of integrated die-casting forming of a vehicle body structural member.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an aluminum alloy which is suitable for integrated die casting, in particular for die casting of large-sized thin-wall vehicle body structural parts and has high strength, elongation after breaking and fatigue strength,
the technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of aluminum alloy is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 6.0 weight percent, si:2.3 to 3.3 weight percent, mn:0.5 to 0.8 weight percent, ti:0.01 to 0.2 weight percent, hf:0.1 to 0.3 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03 weight percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.07 weight percent of Zn, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si satisfies: 1.8 to 2.1:1, a step of; the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) And (3) batching: batching according to the required components, wherein the raw materials comprise aluminum ingots, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum magnesium alloy, aluminum titanium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum hafnium alloy, and drying treatment is carried out to remove water, wherein the drying temperature is 180-210 ℃;
2) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 700-730 ℃, nitrogen or argon is introduced into the melt by adopting a rotary blowing device for refining treatment, and a refining agent is added in the refining process, wherein the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the melt; the technological parameters of the rotary blowing device are revolution: 300-350 r/min, time: 5-10 min, gas pressure: 0.2-0.4 MPa, gas flow: 7-10L/min;
3) And (3) adding a protective agent: covering a layer of protective agent on the surface of the melt, wherein the protective agent is a mixture of lithium fluoride and lithium chloride, and the addition amount of the protective agent is 0.02% -0.05% of the mass of the melt;
4) And (3) furnace front detection: pouring a sample, wherein the melt which is qualified in detection can be used for die casting;
5) And (3) die casting: the temperature of the die is 220-250 ℃, the casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 3-5 m/s, the casting pressure is 80-100 MPa, and the casting is quenched into water within 10 seconds after being demolded.
The content of Mg and Si is controlled within the scope of the invention, and the mass adding ratio of Mg and Si is as follows: 1.8-2.1:1, mainly for Mg and Si to form Mg as much as possible 2 Si eutectic phase, avoiding Mg of low melting point 3 Al 2 Phase formation resulting in thermal cracking; the mass addition ratio of Mg to Si is too high, mg 2 Excessive Si phase can reduce the plasticity of the alloy, the mass adding ratio of Mg to Si is too low, and the mass adding ratio of Mg is too low 2 Too little Si phase affects melt flow.
Mn element is added to reduce the tendency to sticking, and when the Mn content is more than 0.8wt%, coarse Al is formed 6 Mn phase, reduce alloy plasticity.
The Ti element is added to refine grains, and the refining effect is insufficient, and the excessive Al can be generated 3 Ti phase, which detracts from alloy plasticity, therefore, the Ti content is controlled between 0.01 and 0.2 wt%.
The addition of Hf element is to further refine grains and Mg 2 Si eutectic phase, hf element and Ti are in the same main group, have the same outer electronic structure, and have peritectic reaction with aluminum, so that the grain refining effect is stronger than that of Ti. The Hf element not only can refine grains, but also can refine Mg 2 Si phase, hf element causes supercooling of components during formation of eutectic phase, which hinders Mg 2 SiPhase growth, but the Hf content is controlled to be 0.3wt% or less, and excessive formation of primary Al 3 The Hf phase, detracts from the alloy plasticity.
The protective agent forms a compact oxide film on the surface of the melt, so that the burning loss and oxidation of magnesium are effectively inhibited. LiCl and LiF react with Al and Mg in aluminum melt to release Li atoms, the Li atoms are oxidized preferentially than the Mg atoms, a compact oxide layer is formed on the surface of the melt, the reaction of the magnesium atoms and oxygen in air is hindered, and the mixture of lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium chloride (LiCl) can also capture MgO and Al 2 O 3 And oxidizing slag inclusion to further play a refining role.
The alloy is immediately quenched into water after die casting, so that the supersaturation degree of alloy elements in aluminum can be improved, the precipitation of a second phase is inhibited, the yield strength of the alloy can be effectively reduced, and the elongation after fracture is improved.
Preferably, in the step 2), the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 34-40 wt% of CaF 2 ：3～5wt％、BaCl 2 : 5-8wt% and the rest is MgCl 2 . The refining agent is specially prepared for Al-Mg series alloy, does not contain Na element, and has better refining effect as shown by a plurality of experiments.
Preferably, in the step 3), the mass ratio of the lithium fluoride to the lithium chloride is 1: 2-8, the proportion can ensure that the melting points of lithium fluoride and lithium chloride are lower, and after the lithium fluoride and the lithium chloride are added to the surface of an aluminum alloy melt, the lithium fluoride and the lithium chloride are spread on the surface of the melt in a liquid state to form a compact oxide film, so that the continuous oxidation of magnesium element is avoided.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy includes a matrix phase α -Al phase and a second phase including Mg 2 Si phase, mg 3 Al 2 A phase; wherein Mg is 2 The area ratio of Si phase is controlled to be 6.0-9.5%, mg 3 Al 2 The area ratio of the phases is controlled below 1%.
Mg 2 The area ratio of Si phase is controlled to be 6.0-9.5%, mg 2 The main function of Si eutectic phase is to improve the casting performance of aluminum alloy, mg 2 Too high a content of Si eutectic phase would detract from alloy plasticity, too lowResulting in insufficient casting fluidity and a severe tendency to hot cracks.
Mg 3 Al 2 The area ratio of the phase is controlled below 1%, so as to avoid excessive low-melting point Mg 3 Al 2 Phase formation causes thermal cracking.
Preferably, the alpha-Al phase is spherical, and the average grain size is less than or equal to 45 mu m; the Mg is 2 The lamellar spacing of the Si phase is less than or equal to 3 mu m.
Preferably, in the step 4), the density equivalent value of the molten aluminum is less than 1%, and the mass content of the inclusions is less than 1%. Thus, the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy can be controlled below 0.20ml/100gAl, the pinhole degree of the aluminum casting reaches 2 levels or less, and the low porosity is beneficial to improving the strength and the plasticity of the alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: by controlling the components of the aluminum alloy and the preparation method, the Mg is realized 2 The area ratio of the Si phase is controlled to be 6.0-9.5%; mgO, al 2 O 3 The mass content of the inclusions is controlled below 1%; the alpha-Al phase is spherical, and the average grain size is less than or equal to 45 mu m; mg of 2 The lamellar spacing of the Si phase is less than or equal to 3 mu m. Finally, the aluminum alloy die casting has excellent performances of high strength, elongation, fatigue strength and the like, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, the Brinell hardness is more than or equal to 90, and the cycle is 1 multiplied by 10 7 The secondary bending fatigue strength is more than or equal to 90MPa, so that the performance requirement of the vehicle body structural member can be met, and the large-sized thin-wall (the thickness is 1-10 mm) vehicle body structural member is particularly met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph (200 times magnification) of a metallographic structure of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph (500 times magnification) of a metallographic structure of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph (200 times magnification) of a metallographic structure of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a photograph (500 times magnification) of a metallographic structure of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
The invention provides 3 examples and 2 comparative examples, the specific compositions are shown in Table 1.
Example 1 an aluminum alloy die cast was an automotive door, prepared as follows:
1) And (3) batching: batching according to the required components, wherein the raw materials comprise aluminum ingots, al-20Si intermediate alloy, al-20Mg intermediate alloy, al-10Mn intermediate alloy, al-10Ti intermediate alloy and Al-4Hf intermediate alloy, and drying treatment is carried out to remove water, wherein the drying temperature is 200 ℃;
2) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 720 ℃, high-purity nitrogen is introduced into the melt by adopting a rotary blowing device to carry out refining treatment, and a refining agent is added in the refining process, wherein the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4% of the mass of the melt; the technological parameters of the rotary blowing device are revolution: 300r/min, time: 10min, gas pressure: 0.4MPa, gas flow: 7L/min; the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 34wt%, caF 2 ：4wt％、BaCl 2 :5wt% of MgCl with the balance 2 。
3) And (3) adding a protective agent: covering a layer of protective agent on the surface of the melt, wherein the protective agent is a mixture of lithium fluoride and lithium chloride, and the addition amount of the protective agent is 0.02% of the mass of the melt; the mass ratio of the lithium fluoride to the lithium chloride is 1:2.
4) And (3) furnace front detection: pouring a cylindrical sample, and carrying out chemical component analysis by adopting a spectrometer, wherein the analysis result is within the range of the material components; the gas content in the aluminum liquid is evaluated by adopting a density equivalent instrument, and the density equivalent value is less than 1%; the content of inclusions is evaluated by adopting a K-mode method, mgO and Al are added 2 O 3 The content of the equal inclusion is less than 1%; the grain refinement degree is judged through fracture structure and metallographic analysis, and the grain size is not more than 45 microns. The aluminum liquid qualified by the stokehole inspection can be used for die casting.
5) And (3) die casting: the qualified melt after the stokehold inspection can be used for die casting, the die temperature is 230 ℃, the pouring temperature is 690 ℃, the injection speed is 3m/s, the casting pressure is 80MPa, and the casting is quenched into water within 10 seconds after being demolded.
Example 2 an aluminum alloy die cast was an automotive door, prepared as follows:
1) And (3) batching: batching according to the required components, wherein the raw materials comprise aluminum ingots, pure aluminum, al-30Si intermediate alloy, al-30Mg intermediate alloy, al-10Mn intermediate alloy, al-5Ti intermediate alloy and Al-4Hf intermediate alloy, and drying treatment is carried out to remove water, wherein the drying temperature is 200 ℃;
2) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 720 ℃, high-purity argon is introduced into the melt by adopting a rotary blowing device for refining treatment, and a refining agent is added in the refining process, wherein the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.5% of the mass of the melt; the technological parameters of the rotary blowing device are revolution: 350r/min, time: 8min, gas pressure: 0.4MPa, gas flow: 10L/min; the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40wt%, caF 2 ：5wt％、BaCl 2 :8wt% of MgCl with the balance 2 。
3) And (3) adding a protective agent: covering a layer of protective agent on the surface of the melt, wherein the protective agent is a mixture of lithium fluoride and lithium chloride, and the addition amount of the protective agent is 0.03% of the mass of the melt; the mass ratio of the lithium fluoride to the lithium chloride is 1:5.
4) And (3) furnace front detection: pouring a cylindrical sample, and carrying out chemical component analysis by adopting a spectrometer, wherein the analysis result is within the range of the material components; the gas content in the aluminum liquid is evaluated by adopting a density equivalent instrument, and the density equivalent value is less than 1%; the content of inclusions is evaluated by adopting a K-mode method, mgO and Al are added 2 O 3 The content of the equal inclusion is less than 1%; the grain refinement degree is judged through fracture structure and metallographic analysis, and the grain size is not more than 45 microns. The aluminum liquid qualified by the stokehole inspection can be used for die casting.
5) And (3) die casting: the qualified melt after the stokehold inspection can be used for die casting, the die temperature is 225 ℃, the pouring temperature is 690 ℃, the injection speed is 4m/s, the casting pressure is 90MPa, and the casting is quenched into water within 10 seconds after being demolded.
Example 3 an aluminum alloy die cast was an automotive door, prepared as follows:
1) And (3) batching: batching according to the required components, wherein the raw materials comprise aluminum ingots, al-30Si intermediate alloy, al-30Mg intermediate alloy, al-10Mn intermediate alloy, al-10Ti intermediate alloy and Al-4Hf intermediate alloy, and drying treatment is carried out to remove water, wherein the drying temperature is 200 ℃;
2) Smelting: smelting at 710 deg.cIntroducing high-purity nitrogen into the melt by using a rotary blowing device to carry out refining treatment, and adding a refining agent in the refining process, wherein the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.5% of the mass of the melt; the technological parameters of the rotary blowing device are revolution: 350r/min, time: 6min, gas pressure: 0.4MPa, gas flow: 8L/min; the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 38wt%, caF 2 ：3wt％、BaCl 2 :5wt% of MgCl with the balance 2 。
3) And (3) adding a protective agent: covering a layer of protective agent on the surface of the melt, wherein the protective agent is a mixture of lithium fluoride and lithium chloride, and the addition amount of the protective agent is 0.04% of the mass of the melt; the mass ratio of the lithium fluoride to the lithium chloride is 1:8.
4) And (3) furnace front detection: pouring a cylindrical sample, and carrying out chemical component analysis by adopting a spectrometer, wherein the analysis result is within the range of the material components; the gas content in the aluminum liquid is evaluated by adopting a density equivalent instrument, and the density equivalent value is less than 1%; the content of inclusions is evaluated by adopting a K-mode method, mgO and Al are added 2 O 3 The content of the equal inclusion is less than 1%; the grain refinement degree is judged through fracture structure and metallographic analysis, and the grain size is not more than 45 microns. The aluminum liquid qualified by the stokehole inspection can be used for die casting.
5) And (3) die casting: the melt which is qualified by the stokehole inspection can be used for die casting, the die temperature is 250 ℃, the pouring temperature is 690 ℃, the injection speed is 5m/s, the casting pressure is 100MPa, and the casting is quenched into water within 10 seconds after being demolded.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that: mn, ti, fe, hf content varies.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that: step 3) is omitted, i.e. no protective agent is added.
The following tests were carried out on the examples and comparative examples obtained:
and (3) detecting the size of the crystal grain: and observing under a metallographic microscope, and measuring the grain size.
Second phase and content detection: adopting a metallographic microscope and a scanning electron microscope to observe, and analyzing Mg by special software of image 2 Si phase, mg 3 Al 2 Area of the phases proceedsCalculate and measure Mg 2 Lamellar spacing of Si phase.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the crystal grains of example 1 are fine, spherical, and have a size of 45 μm or less, mg 2 The Si phase is also tiny, and the spacing between the layers is less than or equal to 3 mu m.
As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the crystal grains of comparative example 1 are coarse, dendritic, and have a size of about 80 μm, mg 2 The Si phase is also coarse, and the skin spacing is about 5. Mu.m.
And (3) detecting the density equivalent value of the aluminum liquid: and measuring the densities of the solidified samples at normal pressure and at a negative pressure of 80mbar, wherein the percentage between the density difference and the density of the solidified samples at normal pressure is the density equivalent value of the aluminum liquid.
And (3) testing inclusion content: the test was performed using the K-mode method.
The specific detection results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 Components of inventive examples and comparative examples/wt%
TABLE 2 microstructure of examples and comparative examples of the present invention
TABLE 3 Properties of examples and comparative examples of the invention
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of aluminum alloy is characterized in that: the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.0 to 6.0 weight percent, si:2.3 to 3.3 weight percent, mn:0.5 to 0.8 weight percent, ti:0.01 to 0.2 weight percent, hf:0.1 to 0.3 weight percent, less than or equal to 0.15 weight percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.03 weight percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.07 weight percent of Zn, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the mass ratio of Mg to Si satisfies: 1.8 to 2.1; the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
1) And (3) batching: batching according to the required components, wherein the raw materials comprise aluminum ingots, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum magnesium alloy, aluminum titanium alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum hafnium alloy, and drying treatment is carried out to remove water, wherein the drying temperature is 180-210 ℃;
2) Smelting: the smelting temperature is 700-730 ℃, nitrogen or argon is introduced into the melt by adopting a rotary blowing device for refining treatment, and a refining agent is added in the refining process, wherein the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the melt; the technological parameters of the rotary blowing device are revolution: 300-350 r/min, time: 5-10 min, gas pressure: 0.2-0.4 MPa, gas flow: 7-10L/min;
3) And (3) adding a protective agent: covering a layer of protective agent on the surface of the melt, wherein the protective agent is a mixture of lithium fluoride and lithium chloride, and the addition amount of the protective agent is 0.02% -0.05% of the mass of the melt;
4) And (3) furnace front detection: pouring a sample, wherein the melt which is qualified in detection can be used for die casting;
5) And (3) die casting: the temperature of the die is 220-250 ℃, the casting temperature is 680-700 ℃, the injection speed is 3-5 m/s, the casting pressure is 80-100 MPa, and the casting is quenched into water within 10 seconds after being demolded.
2. The method for producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2), the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 34-40 wt% of CaF 2 ：3～5wt％、BaCl 2 : 5-8wt% and the rest is MgCl 2 。
3. The method for producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3), the mass ratio of the lithium fluoride to the lithium chloride is 1:2 to 8.
4. A method of producing an aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the phase structure of the aluminum alloy comprises a matrix phase alpha-Al phase and a second phase, wherein the second phase comprises Mg 2 Si phase, mg 3 Al 2 A phase; wherein Mg is 2 Surface of Si phaseThe volume ratio is controlled to be 6.0 to 9.5 percent, and the Mg 3 Al 2 The area ratio of the phases is controlled below 1%.
5. The method for producing an aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein: the alpha-Al phase is spherical, and the average grain size is less than or equal to 45 mu m; the Mg is 2 The lamellar spacing of the Si phase is less than or equal to 3 mu m.
6. A method of producing an aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step 4), the density equivalent value of the aluminum liquid is less than 1%, and the mass content of the inclusions is less than 1%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211626360.3A CN115992322A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211626360.3A CN115992322A (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy |
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| US20210062315A1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | Northeastern University | Preparation method of a lithium-containing magnesium/aluminum matrix composite |
| CN114411020A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-29 | 上海交通大学 | Non-heat treatment reinforced high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof |
| US20220325387A1 (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-10-13 | Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennost'yu "Obedinennaya Kompaniya Rusal Inzhenerno-Teknologiches | Aluminum-based alloy |
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| WO2013144343A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Jaguar Land Rover Limited | Alloy and method of production thereof |
| CN107587012A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-16 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of lightweight casting Al Si Li alloy materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN108570579A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-25 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of scandium-containing casting aluminium lithium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108754256A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-06 | 上海交通大学 | Non-heat treated reinforcing high-strength and high ductility die casting aldray and preparation method thereof |
| US20210062315A1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | Northeastern University | Preparation method of a lithium-containing magnesium/aluminum matrix composite |
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