CN106555067B - A kind of composite refining Modification Manners for lifting Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys - Google Patents
A kind of composite refining Modification Manners for lifting Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys Download PDFInfo
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- CN106555067B CN106555067B CN201611112130.XA CN201611112130A CN106555067B CN 106555067 B CN106555067 B CN 106555067B CN 201611112130 A CN201611112130 A CN 201611112130A CN 106555067 B CN106555067 B CN 106555067B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of composite refining Modification Manners for lifting Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys.This method comprises the following steps：By A356.2 alloy meltings, 3~5min is refined；Al 2Sc intermediate alloys and Al 10Sr intermediate alloys are added in aluminium alloy successively again, wherein, Sc mass percent is 0.02 0.08%, and Sr mass percent is 0.02 0.03%, and mass ratio Sc：Sr=2:1‑4:1 calculates；After being incubated 8 12min again, it is passed through argon gas and refines 3~5min again；After standing 5~10min again, the A356.2 aluminium alloys of fine degenerate are obtained.The present invention adds micro rare earth Sc elements and Sr elements in A356.2 aluminium alloys, and rationally designs Sc/Sr ratios so that the crystal grain in A356.2 alloys is substantially reduced, and realizes preferable thinning effect.Its tensile strength and elongation percentage have respectively reached 208.39MPa, 9.87%, and more traditional fining modifier has been respectively increased 4%, 26.2%.
Description
Technical field
Technical scheme belongs to melting and the manufacture field of aluminum alloy materials, specifically a kind of lifting
The composite refining Modification Manners of A356.2 Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys.
Background technology
In recent years, haze becomes the problem of puzzlement people's life, and it is exactly vehicle exhaust to cause one of arch-criminal of haze
Discharge, it is exactly lightweight to solve one of maximally efficient method of this problem.Aluminium alloy has that light, security is good, comfort level
High, moulding easily and saves the advantages such as oil consumption, it has also become the optimal preferred material of current automotive light weight technology.A356.2 aluminium closes
Gold with good casting character and comprehensive mechanical property, appearance due to being shortly applied to auto industry.However, due to
Thick column crystal and dendrite in A356.2 aluminium alloy as-cast structures be present, and uninoculated Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys in needle-like or
Lath-shaped is distributed in crystal boundary, and these tissues can largely limit the performance of aluminium alloy, therefore in casting process, having must
A356.2 aluminium alloys are refined, Metamorphism treatment.
At present, people's fining agent of generally use in aluminium alloy industry has among Al-Ti, Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C etc.
Alloy, wherein Al-5Ti-B are the grain refiners being most widely used, and typically use Al-Sr to the rotten of Morphology of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Foundry Alloys
Intermediate alloy.The TiB that the thinning effect of Al-5Ti-B alloys is depended primarily in matrix2、Al3The shapes of Ti phases, size etc..But
TiB2Segregation, caking easily occur in subsequent forming process, produces defect for compound.In addition, refinement containing zirconium, chromium, vanadium,
During the alloy of the elements such as manganese, the TiB in fining agent2Phase particle can react so as to weaken TiB with the above-mentioned element in alloy2
To the refining effect of alloy, that is, so-called " poisoning " phenomenon occurs.Al-Sr alloys have in rotten hypoeutectic al-si alloy to be become
The advantages that matter effect is preferably, rotten effective time is long, it is very active yet with Sr chemical property, it is non-during addition
Chang Rongyi scaling loss, and aluminium liquid is inhaled hydrogen the defects of produce pin hole, make the compactness of tissue reduce, influence the mechanics of alloy
Performance.
With aluminium alloy fining agent, alterant apply it is increasingly mature, the requirement to aluminium alloy fining agent, alterant is also got over
Come it is higher, green, efficient fining agent, alterant turn into New Refiners, the development trend of alterant.Domestic many enterprises
Industry, research unit have carried out the work on rare earth Sc elements, such as " a kind of scandium-containing casting heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof "
(CN101186987A)；" scandium, zirconium and 6013 strontium compound microalloyed type aluminium alloys and preparation method thereof "
(CN101838760A)；" Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys of rare earth Sc microalloyings and preparation method thereof " (CN103993209A)；
" a kind of aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof " (CN105734367A)；A kind of " manufacture of the high Mg cast aluminium alloy flat ingots containing Sc
Method " (CN105950923A).These patented technologies all disclose the rare earth Sc added in aluminium alloy and can given birth to reactive aluminum
Into Al3Sc, its crystal structure and lattice constant are all closely similar with Al matrixes, meet the condition as heterogeneous nuclei,
Be advantageous to Heterogeneous Nucleation, reach the purpose of crystal grain thinning.It in addition, there will be research to show, rare earth element has very high change
Activity is learned, there is very strong chemical affinity with H, O and many nonmetallic inclusion elements.Rare earth easily occurs with the hydrogen in aluminium liquid
The stable rare earth hydride of reaction generation, these infusibility rare earth hydrides can be pulled out with scum silica frost, so as to play solid hydrogen, degasification work
With reducing the pin hole rate of casting, improve the mechanical property of casting.But it is expensive due to rare earth, in practical application by
Very big limitation, therefore, Recent study is added to by trace rare-earth element and other fining modifiers compound
Emphasis.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for the rotten existing deficiency of current A356.2 alloy refinements, there is provided a kind of aluminium alloy refinement
Rotten method.This method utilizes changes of the Sr to A356.2 alloys by the addition of two kinds of intermediate alloys of Al-2Sc, Al-10Sr
Matter acts on, and Sc passes through quantitative adjusting Sc to the refining effect of A356.2 alloys：Sr ratio realizes the fine degenerate to alloy
Quantitative control, so as to realize the regulation and control to the mechanical property of alloy, meet the needs of fields such as traffic track.
The purpose of the present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of composite refining Modification Manners for lifting Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys, comprise the following steps：
The first step：Dispensing：A356.2 alloys, Al-2Sc intermediate alloys and Al-10Sr intermediate alloys are washed respectively, dried
It is dry, it is standby, wherein, for charge ratio according in alloy after fine degenerate, Sc mass percent is 0.04-0.08%, Sr quality
Percentage is 0.02-0.03%, mass ratio Sc：Sr=2:1-4:1 calculates；
Second step：Fusing：A356.2 alloys are added in the graphite crucible that preheating temperature is 270-290 DEG C, Ran Houzai
730-750 DEG C is warming up to, is completely melt A356.2 alloys under constant temperature；
3rd step：After A356.2 alloys are completely melt, except removing dross, argon gas is passed through in aluminium alloy to enter to crucible bottom
3~5min of row refining；
4th step：After standing 5~10min again, Al-2Sc intermediate alloys and Al-10Sr intermediate alloys are added to conjunction successively
In golden liquid；
5th step：After being incubated 8-12min, it is passed through argon gas and refines 3~5min again；
6th step：After standing 5~10min again, surface scum is removed, aluminium alloy is poured and cast from cast iron die, air cooling, most
The A356.2 aluminium alloys of fine degenerate are obtained afterwards.
The concentration of described argon gas is percent by volume 99.99%
Sc mass percent is preferably 0.055%-0.065% in described charge ratio.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the present invention adds micro rare earth Sc elements and Sr elements in A356.2 aluminium alloys, and rationally designs Sc/Sr
Ratio so that the crystal grain in A356.2 alloys is substantially reduced, and realizes preferable thinning effect.
2nd, after the present invention adds micro rare earth Sc elements and Sr in A356.2 aluminium alloys, Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is in spherical particle,
It can be seen that Sc does not influence modification effects of the Sr to Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, the comprehensive mechanical performance of alloy can be significantly improved.When with containing 0.06%
After Sc Al-2Sc and 0.02%Sr Al-10Sr fine degenerate A356.2 alloys, its tensile strength and elongation percentage respectively reach
208.39MPa, 9.87%, more traditional fining modifier have been respectively increased 4%, 26.2%.
3rd, fine degenerate process simple and fast of the invention, it is easy to operate, it is not high to equipment requirement in process of production, it is easy to
Realize industrialized production.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is respectively that Al-Ti-B, Al-Sr add A356.2 and closed in Al-2Sc, Al-10Sr and comparative example in embodiment two
Metallograph after gold under as cast condition；
Wherein, Fig. 1 a are that A356.2 is being added at 0.06%Al-2Sc, 0.02%Al-10Sr fine degenerate in embodiment two
100 times of metallographs after reason, Fig. 1 b are that A356.2 is adding 0.02%Al-Ti-B, 0.02%Al-10Sr refinement change in comparative example
100 times of metallographs after matter processing, Fig. 1 c are that A356.2 is adding 0.06%Al-2Sc, 0.02%Al-10Sr in embodiment two
500 times of metallographs after fine degenerate processing, Fig. 1 d are that A356.2 is adding 0.02%Al-Ti-B, 0.02%Al- in comparative example
500 times of metallographs after the processing of 10Sr fine degenerates；
Fig. 2 is the mechanical property of A356.2 alloys in each embodiment.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It should be noted that following instance of the present invention is only
It is the proof and evidence to technical scheme, does not limit protection domain and be only limitted to this.
The present invention is using Al-2Sc intermediate alloys as fining agent, and using Al-10Sr intermediate alloys as alterant, refinement becomes
Verify as A356.2 aluminium alloys.The specific composition of three kinds of alloys see the table below：
Embodiment one
Stock：A356.2 alloy pigs are sawed into 100g or so fritter first, after being rinsed well with deionized water, then used
Dried after washes of absolute alcohol, then Al-2Sc and Al-10Sr intermediate alloys are put into the beaker for fill absolute ethyl alcohol put respectively
Dried in being cleaned by ultrasonic in instrument after ultrasonic vibration cleaning, it is standby；(following examples are same, do not repeat)
782.14gA356.2 alloy cast ingots are added in the graphite crucible that preheating temperature is 280 DEG C, be then warming up to again
730 DEG C, after alloy is completely melt in resistance furnace, surface scum is skimmed, (concentration of volume percent is by high-purity argon gas
99.99%) it is passed through in aluminium alloy to carrying out refining 3min at crucible bottom about 1/4；After standing 5min, surface scum is removed, will
(mass fraction that Sc accounts for A356.2 alloys accounts for 16.52gAl-2Sc and 1.62gAl-10Sr intermediate alloys for 0.04%, Sr
The mass fraction of A356.2 alloys is 0.02%) to be coated and be added in aluminium alloy with pure aluminum foil；After being incubated 10min, height is passed through
Pure argon refines 3min again；After standing 5min, surface scum is removed, aluminium alloy is slowly poured and cast from cast iron die, air cooling,
Then casting is cleared up, obtains the aluminium alloy of fine degenerate.
10 × 10 × 10mm is cut from casting same position3Sample, the one side for choosing same position carries out typical gold
Phase observation is handled, using Keller reagents (2.5mLHNO3+1.5mLHCl+1mLHF+95mLH2O surface corrosion) is carried out to sample,
Etching time is controlled in 30s；Then with alcohol washes specimen surface and (be used for observe its microstructure) is dried up.On ingot casting
Tensile sample is taken, the overlap for sample of being polished with abrasive machine and file, after polishing flat, to avoid sample from causing in process
Diameter difference result is had an impact, record parallel-segment both ends and middle with slide measure wheel measuring diameter three times
Diameter, obtain the actual cross-sectional area of sample.Tensile property test is carried out (with reference to mark using UTM5105X universal electricals testing machine
Standard is GB/T228.1-2010), using displacement-control mode, draw speed 0.5mm/min.
Embodiment two
774.27gA356.2 alloy cast ingots are melted in resistance furnace, add 24.86gAl-2Sc and 1.64gAl-10Sr
(mass fraction that Sc accounts for A356.2 alloys is that the mass fraction that 0.06%, Sr accounts for A356.2 alloys is 0.02%) work to intermediate alloy
For fining modifier, other specification and operating procedure are the same as embodiment one.
Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 c be respectively A356.2 aluminium alloys made from the present embodiment as cast condition 100 again with 500 times of metallographic structures
Photo.By Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b contrast as can be seen that and the most frequently used Al-Ti-B, Al-Sr fine degenerate phase of current factory
Than the A356.2 aluminium alloy secondary dendrites spacing that fine degenerate is carried out with Al-Sc, Al-Sr is 20.09 μm, and more traditional refinement becomes
The A356.2 alloy secondary dendrites spacing (27.1 μm) of matter reduces 25.86%, i.e., its thinning effect is better；By Fig. 1 c with
It is all in spherical particle that Fig. 1 d contrast, which can be seen that Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, it is seen that Sc does not influence modification effects of the Sr to Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys.
Embodiment three
766.24gA356.2 alloy cast ingots are melted in resistance furnace, add 32.86gAl-2Sc and 1.63gAl-10Sr
(mass fraction that Sc accounts for A356.2 alloys is that the mass fraction that 0.08%, Sr accounts for A356.2 alloys is 0.02%) work to intermediate alloy
For fining modifier, other specification and operating procedure are the same as embodiment one.
Comparative example
797.26gA356.2 alloy cast ingots are melted in resistance furnace, maintain the temperature at 730 DEG C, treat that alloy is completely melt
Afterwards, surface scum is skimmed, high-purity argon gas is passed through in aluminium alloy to carrying out refining 3min at crucible bottom about 1/4；Stand 5min
Afterwards, surface scum is removed, 1.61gAl-10Sr and 1.64gAl-Ti-B intermediate alloy pure aluminum foils are coated and are added to alloy
In liquid；After being incubated 10min, it is passed through high-purity argon gas and refines 3min again；After standing 5in, surface scum is removed, aluminium alloy is slow
Pour and cast from cast iron die, air cooling, then clear up casting.
Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 d are respectively to add Al-Ti-B, Al-Sr intermediate alloy in this comparative example with 0.2% content respectively
Enter to after A356.2 aluminium alloys, 100 times of as cast condition A356.2 aluminium alloys with 500 times of metallographic structure photos.As can be seen from the figure
Secondary dendrite spacing is smaller, i.e. the thinning effect of α-Al is preferable；Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys in A356.2 aluminium alloys is also by traditional tip-angled shape
Go bad as longer bacillar structure.
Table 1 represents the rotten A356.2 aluminium with being gone bad with Al-Ti-B, Al-Sr composite refining of Al-Sc, Al-Sr composite refining
The secondary dendrite distance values of alloy.
Table 1
Table 1 is intuitively shown respectively through the rotten casting with Al-Ti-B, Al-Sr fine degenerate of Al-Sc, Al-Sr composite refining
The secondary dendrite distance values of state A356.2 aluminium alloys, from table 1 change of secondary dendrite distance values can be seen that with present industry
In Al-Ti-B, Al-Sr composite refining metamorphic phase ratio for commonly using, Al-Sc, Al-Sr thinning effect is slightly excellent.In view of Al-Ti-
B, TiB during Al-Sr composite refinings are rotten2Reunion the problems such as, therefore the rotten development prospect of Al-Sc, Al-Sr composite refining is more
It is good.
Result by each embodiment is that Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 can be seen that from embodiment one to embodiment three, by Al-Sc,
After Al-Sr composite refinings are rotten, reducing all occurs in the more traditional fine degenerate method of secondary dendrite spacing of A356.2 alloys, and
The form of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is all in tiny graininess substantially.The mechanical property of alloy has also obtained different degrees of raising, wherein
Sc：Sr is 3:It is optimal when 1.As the Al-10Sr intermediate alloys (Sc with the Al-2Sc containing 0.06%Sc and 0.02%Sr：Sr is 3:
1) after fine degenerate A356.2 alloys, its tensile strength and elongation percentage have respectively reached 208.39MPa, 9.87%, more traditional thin
Change alterant and be respectively increased 4%, 26.2%.Therefore quantitative adjusting Sc can be passed through：Sr ratio is realized to the thin of alloy
Change rotten quantitative control, so as to realize the regulation and control to the mechanical property of alloy., can be according to residing ring in actual application
Border determines the height of material requested strength and toughness, so as to select properly mixed Al-Sc, Al-Sr fining modifier.
Unaccomplished matter of the present invention is known technology.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. composite refining Modification Manners for lifting Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys, it is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps：The first step：Dispensing：A356.2 alloys, Al-2Sc intermediate alloys and Al-10Sr intermediate alloys are washed respectively, dried, it is standby With, wherein, for charge ratio according in alloy after fine degenerate, Sc mass percent is 0.04-0.08%, Sr mass percent For 0.02-0.03%, mass ratio Sc：Sr=2:1-4:1 calculates；Second step：Fusing：A356.2 alloys are added in the graphite crucible that preheating temperature is 270-290 DEG C, then heated up again To 730-750 DEG C, it is completely melt A356.2 alloys under constant temperature；3rd step：After A356.2 alloys are completely melt, except removing dross, argon gas are passed through in aluminium alloy to crucible bottom and carries out essence Refine 3~5min；4th step：After standing 5~10min again, Al-2Sc intermediate alloys and Al-10Sr intermediate alloys are added to aluminium alloy successively In；5th step：After being incubated 8-12min, it is passed through argon gas and refines 3~5min again；6th step：After standing 5~10min again, surface scum is removed, aluminium alloy is poured and cast from cast iron die, air cooling, finally To the A356.2 aluminium alloys of fine degenerate.
- 2. the composite refining Modification Manners of lifting Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described argon The concentration of gas is volume ratio 99.99%.
- 3. the composite refining Modification Manners of lifting Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Alloys as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that Sc quality Percentage is 0.055%-0.065%.
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| CN108642312A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-10-12 | 宁波航锦汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of Adding Way of alloy grain refinement alterant strontium |
| CN109097611A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-28 | 海门市沪海有色铸造有限公司 | A kind of aluminum melting process |
| CN110904353A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-03-24 | 上海汇众汽车制造有限公司 | Modification and refinement method of hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy |
| CN111254328A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-09 | 西北工业大学 | Method for improving mechanical property of A357 alloy |
| CN113846252A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-28 | 南通鸿劲金属铝业有限公司 | Preparation method of high-thermal-conductivity AlSi alloy |
| CN114150173A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-08 | 福建省漳平市九鼎氟化工有限公司 | Al-Ti-C-Sc intermediate alloy refiner and preparation method thereof |
| CN115522103B (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-06-16 | 合肥工业大学 | Novel refining modifier for hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN115710650B (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-07-18 | 安徽军明机械制造有限公司 | Aluminum alloy modification treatment process |
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| CN100572578C (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-12-23 | 中南大学 | A kind of scandium-containing casting heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN101838760B (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-12 | 江苏大学 | Scandium, zirconium and strontium compound microalloyed 6013 type aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN103993209B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-02-24 | 合肥工业大学 | The Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy And Preparation Method of rare earth Sc microalloying |
| CN105734367A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-07-06 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN105950923A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-09-21 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method for flat Sc-containing high-Mg aluminum alloy cast ingot |
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