CN114150173A - Al-Ti-C-Sc intermediate alloy refiner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Ti-C-Sc intermediate alloy refiner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an Al-Ti-C-Sc intermediate alloy refiner, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of Ti, 1-5% of C, 0.5-2% of Sc and the balance of Al; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing graphite powder and potassium fluotitanate powder to prepare a prefabricated body; (2) preparing a mixture of the preform wrapped with the aluminum foil and Al-2 Sc; (3) pressing the mixture of the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil and the Al-2Sc prepared in the step (2) to the bottom of the aluminum liquid in batches, heating and stirring until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat to obtain an alloy aluminum solution; (4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a preheated metal mold, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is a metal with light weight, high specific strength, good electric and heat conducting performance and rich resources, and is widely applied to various fields of automobiles, machinery, aerospace and the like. With the development of industries such as electronics, automobiles, machinery and the like towards light weight, precision and intellectualization, particularly the rapid development of high and new technical fields such as aviation and military industry and the like, higher requirements are put forward on the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy. The grain refinement of the aluminum alloy is an important means for improving the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy, and the grain refinement not only can improve the strength and toughness of the material, but also can ensure that the material has excellent casting performance and processing performance. The method for refining the crystal grains mainly comprises the methods of electromagnetic action, ultrasonic vibration, rapid solidification, addition of a refiner and the like, and the former methods are limited in different degrees of complicated equipment, high cost and the like, so that the addition of the grain refiner into the aluminum melt is the most economical and effective method in the aluminum industry.
The grain refiner commonly used in China at present comprises interalloy grain refiners such as Al-Ti, Al-B, Al-Ti-B and the like, wherein the interalloy Al-Ti-B is used for refiningAddition of the agent readily forms TiB2Phase, and precipitates and aggregates in the aluminum melt, so that the refining effect gradually declines with time. In addition, the presence of elements such as V, Mn is very likely to weaken or even eliminate the thinning effect, also known as "poisoning". The Al-Ti-C intermediate alloy grain refiner is invented successively, but the substitute problem is that the wettability of graphite and aluminum liquid is too poor, so that the large-scale industrial production is difficult to realize.
In order to solve the problems, the invention creatively adds rare earth element scandium (Sc) in the Al-Ti-C intermediate alloy, the scandium element has strong grain dispersion and grain refinement effects on the aluminum alloy, and can also effectively inhibit recrystallization of Al and Al formed by Al and Sc3SC is coherent with the matrix Al parent phase, and plays a pinning role in dislocation expansion and sub-crystal growth, thereby promoting grain refinement. The addition of trace Sc element has good grain refining effect on aluminum and aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention aims to provide a preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc intermediate alloy refiner, which aims to solve the problems that the refining effect of the Al-Ti-B series refiner mentioned in the background art is continuously degraded along with time, the refining effect is not obvious, the poisoning phenomenon is caused, and the C element in the Al-Ti-C series refiner and aluminum liquid are not wetted.
The technical scheme is as follows: an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 10 percent of Ti, 1 to 5 percent of C, 0.5 to 2 percent of Sc and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the ingot structure of the refiner comprises alpha-Al and TiAl3TiC and Al3Sc。
A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing graphite powder and potassium fluotitanate powder according to the weight ratio of 1: 3-5, adding a prefabricated body binder to prepare a prefabricated body with the grain diameter of 1-10 mm;
(2) mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot, heating and melting under protective gas, scattering a layer of plant ash to isolate air when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, pressing the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil prepared in the step (2) and the Al-2Sc mixture into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in batches, heating and stirring until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a preheated metal mold, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
Preferably, the binder of the preform in the step (1) is a mineral powder binder, the particle size of the preform is 5mm, and the density of the preform is more than 2.7g/mm 3.
Preferably, the preform in the step (1) is formed by countercurrent rotating friction in an inclined powder granulator, the power of the granulator is 1.5-2.0kW, and the inclination angle of the granulator is 20-30 degrees.
Preferably, the melting temperature of the aluminum liquid in the step (3) is 800-900 ℃.
Preferably, the aluminum foil wrapped preform and the Al-2Sc mixture in the step (3) are pressed into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, the heating and stirring temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, the heating and stirring time is 5-10min, the standing and heat preservation temperature is 850-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min.
Has the advantages that: the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:
1. the invention uses graphite-potassium fluotitanate prefabricated body in a breakthrough manner, graphite powder and potassium fluotitanate powder are combined together by hot pressing and put into aluminum liquid, in the aluminum liquid, the potassium fluotitanate powder is melted immediately relative to the lower melting point of potassium fluotitanate, and a layer of potassium fluotitanate melting film is wrapped around the graphite, and the graphite-potassium fluotitanate melting film and the aluminum firstly generate the following steps: 3K2TiF6+4Al＝2KAlF4+K3AlF6+KF+AlF3+3Ti、K2TiF6+2Al＝2AlF3+2K + Ti, Al (l) + Ti → TiAlx thermal reduction reaction, and releases a large amount of heat, so that the temperature of the surrounding solution continuously risesTo above 1000 DEG, at which temperature metastable TiAl forms initially in solution9The phase will gradually transform into stable TiAl3An intermetallic compound. In this case, the C atom is bonded to AlTi3The particles and excessive Ti atoms are subjected to reduction reaction to generate TiC, so that the C atoms are wetted with the Al melt; 2. the novel Al-Ti-C-Sc intermediate alloy refiner developed by the novel process is adopted, so that the phenomenon of degradation and poisoning of refining effect caused by the traditional Al-Ti-B alloy is avoided, the application of the Al-Ti-C alloy in the aspect of grain refiner can be greatly promoted, the Al-Ti-C intermediate alloy refiner has better market prospect, the refining effect of the grain refiner is greatly improved, and the comprehensive performance of aluminum and aluminum alloy thereof can be further improved;
3. by adding trace rare earth element Sc, forming a small spherical graphite-potassium fluotitanate prefabricated body by adopting a powder granulator, and wrapping carbon powder by utilizing a potassium fluotitanate melting film, carbon atoms fully react with AlTi3 and excessive Ti atoms to form TiC, so that the novel process technology of wetting with aluminum liquid and the like is achieved, the harmful problems of time decline, deterioration degradation, poor carbon wettability in the aluminum liquid and the like of the aluminum-titanium-boron alloy grain refining effect can be solved, and the grain size of the aluminum alloy is effectively refined. The preform and the Al-2Sc alloy process are put in batches, so that the problem of TiC and TiAl3 aggregation is effectively solved. The comprehensive mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is integrally improved, and the casting property of the aluminum alloy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for preparing Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner;
the reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a pure aluminum ingot; 2. a crucible resistance furnace; 3. aluminum liquid; 4. plant ash; 5. the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil and Al-2Sc mixture; 6. a carbon rod; 7. alloy aluminum solution; 8. a metal mold; 9, Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner; 10. graphite powder; 11. potassium fluotitanate powder; 12. a binder; 13. a powder granulator; 14. prefabricating a block; an Al-2Sc alloy ingot.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, which are illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing pure aluminum ingot (1), graphite powder (10), potassium fluotitanate powder (11) and Al-2Sc alloy block (15) according to the weight percentages of Ti, C, Sc and Al of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 93.5%, mixing the graphite powder and the potassium fluotitanate powder in proportion, adding a preform binder (12), forming by countercurrent rotating friction in an inclined powder granulator (13), wherein the power of the granulator is 2.0kW, the inclination angle of the granulator is 20 degrees, preparing a preform (14) with the particle size of 5mm, and the density of the preform is more than 2.7g/mm3；
(2) Mixing the prefabricated body with massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture (5) wrapped with the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot (1) at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, placing the preheated pure aluminum ingot in an rh-890 crucible furnace (2) under protective gas for heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 900 ℃, spreading a layer of plant ash (4) to isolate air when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, pressing the mixture of the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil and the Al-2Sc prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, stirring and heating by using a carbon rod (6), the stirring temperature is 1050 ℃, the heating and stirring time is 10min, and the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat, the temperature for standing and preserving heat is 850 ℃, the heat preserving time is 30min, so as to obtain an alloy aluminum solution (7);
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution (7) obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold (8) preheated to 300 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner (9).
Example 2
A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing pure aluminum ingots, graphite powder, potassium fluotitanate powder and Al-2Sc alloy blocks according to the weight percentages of Ti, C, Sc and Al of 5%, 1%, 2% and 92%, respectively, mixing the graphite powder and the potassium fluotitanate powder in proportion, adding a prefabricated binder, and forming by countercurrent rotary friction in an inclined powder granulator, wherein the power of the granulator is 1.5kW, and the Al-2Sc alloy blocks are prepared by mixing the pure aluminum ingots, the graphite powder, the Sc powder and the potassium fluotitanate powder in proportionThe angle of inclination of the granulator is 30 DEG, a preform with a particle size of 5mm is prepared, and the density of the preform is more than 2.7g/mm3；
(2) Mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot at 150 ℃, placing the pure aluminum ingot in an rh-890 crucible furnace under protective gas for heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 850 ℃, when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, spreading a layer of plant ash to isolate air, pressing the mixture of the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil and the Al-2Sc prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, heating and stirring at 1100 ℃ for 8min until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat, wherein the standing and preserving heat temperature is 850 ℃, and the preserving heat time is 50min, so as to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold preheated to 300 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
Example 3
A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing pure aluminum ingot, graphite powder, potassium fluotitanate powder and Al-2Sc alloy block according to the weight percentages of Ti, C, Sc and Al of 10%, 1%, 0.5% and 88.5%, mixing the graphite powder and the potassium fluotitanate powder in proportion, adding a preform binder, forming by countercurrent rotary friction in an inclined powder granulator, wherein the power of the granulator is 2.0kW, the inclination angle of the granulator is 30 degrees, preparing a preform with the particle size of 5mm, and the density of the preform is more than 2.7g/mm3；
(2) Mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot at 100 ℃, placing the pure aluminum ingot in an rh-890 crucible furnace under protective gas for heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 850 ℃, when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, spreading a layer of plant ash to isolate air, pressing the mixture of the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil and the Al-2Sc prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, heating and stirring at the temperature of 1100 ℃, heating and stirring for 5min until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and keeping the temperature, wherein the standing and keeping temperature is 900 ℃, and the keeping temperature is 50min, so as to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold preheated to 300 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
The Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner prepared in example 1, example 2 and example 3 is added into an A356.2 aluminum alloy aluminum solution melted at 700 ℃ in advance in a content of 1% by weight, heated to 750 ℃, stirred for 5 minutes, deslagged, kept still for 10 minutes, poured into a metal mold preheated to 200 ℃, and cooled to obtain the A356.2 aluminum alloy refined by the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
The A356.2 aluminum alloy refined by the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner is tested for yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and hardness, and the test results are as follows:
| tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HB) | |
| Example 1 | 255.4 | 250.0 | 1.092 | 74.0 |
| Example 2 | 276.4 | 263.7 | 1.095 | 79.4 |
| Example 3 | 245.4 | 233.7 | 1.081 | 77.3 |
From the above examples it can be seen that the scandium content is increased to 2 wt%, as follows: the scandium element is increased, the refining degree of the alloy is more obvious, and the comprehensive mechanical property and the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy are better improved;
increasing the content of Ti element to 10 wt%, concretely as follows: k2TiF6The increase of the (potassium fluorotitanate) powder, that is, the increase of the Ti content, leads to an increase in the melting point of the master alloy, an increase in the surface tension, a further deterioration in the wettability of the element C with the element Al, a melting temperature of 1000 ℃ or higher, and K2TiF6Reacts with the aluminum liquid to release a large amount of heat, so that the surface tension of the solution is reduced, the wettability of graphite and the aluminum liquid is enhanced, and the comprehensive effect is better at the smelting temperature of over 1000 ℃.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing pure aluminum ingot, graphite powder, potassium fluotitanate powder and Al-2Sc alloy block according to the weight percentages of Ti, C, Sc and Al of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 93.5%, mixing the graphite powder and the potassium fluotitanate powder in proportion, adding a prefabricated body binder, and forming by countercurrent rotating friction in an inclined powder granulator with the power of 2.0kW, the angle of inclination of the granulator is 20 degrees, a preform with the particle size of 5mm is prepared, and the density of the preform is more than 2.7g/mm3；
(2) Mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, placing the preheated pure aluminum ingot in an rh-890 crucible furnace under protective gas for heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 900 ℃, spreading a layer of plant ash to isolate air when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, pressing the mixture of the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil and the Al-2Sc prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, heating and stirring at the temperature of 850 ℃, heating and stirring for 10min until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat at the temperature of 850 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold preheated to 300 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing pure aluminum ingot, graphite powder, potassium fluotitanate powder and Al-2Sc alloy block according to the weight percentages of Ti, C, Sc and Al of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 93.5%, mixing the graphite powder and the potassium fluotitanate powder in proportion, adding a preform binder, forming by countercurrent rotary friction in an inclined powder granulator, wherein the power of the granulator is 2.0kW, the inclination angle of the granulator is 20 degrees, preparing a preform with the particle size of 5mm, and the density of the preform is more than 2.7g/mm3；
(2) Mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, placing the preheated pure aluminum ingot in an rh-890 crucible furnace under protective gas for heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 900 ℃, spreading a layer of plant ash to isolate air when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, pressing the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil prepared in the step (2) and the Al-2Sc mixture into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, heating and stirring at the temperature of 1050 ℃, heating and stirring for 10min until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat at the temperature of 850 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) and (4) directly pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing pure aluminum ingot, graphite powder, potassium fluotitanate powder and Al-2Sc alloy block according to the weight percentages of Ti, C, Sc and Al of 5%, 1%, 0.5% and 93.5%, mixing the graphite powder and the potassium fluotitanate powder in proportion, adding a preform binder, forming by countercurrent rotary friction in an inclined powder granulator, wherein the power of the granulator is 2.0kW, the inclination angle of the granulator is 20 degrees, preparing a preform with the particle size of 5mm, and the density of the preform is more than 2.7g/mm3；
(2) Mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, placing the preheated pure aluminum ingot in an rh-890 crucible furnace under protective gas for heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 900 ℃, when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, spreading a layer of plant ash to isolate air, directly pressing a prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil and an Al-2Sc mixture prepared in the step (2) into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in one batch, heating and stirring at the temperature of 1050 ℃, heating and stirring for 10min until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat at the temperature of 850 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold preheated to 300 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
Comparative example 4
An Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner was made according to the method of example 1 and a356.2 aluminum alloy was added as refiner, except that Ti powder and C powder were made into Ti-C preform by powder pelletizer, the specific steps were as follows:
a preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing pure aluminum ingot, graphite powder, potassium fluotitanate powder and Al-2Sc alloy block according to the weight percentages of Ti, C, Sc and Al of 5 percent, 1 percent, 0.5 percent and 93.5 percent respectively, mixing the graphite powder and the titanium powder in proportion, adding a prefabricated body binder, forming by countercurrent rotating friction in an inclined powder granulator, wherein the power of the granulator is 2.0kW, the inclination angle of the granulator is 20 degrees, preparing a prefabricated body with the particle size of 5mm, and the density of the prefabricated body is more than 2.7g/mm3；
(2) Mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 150 ℃, placing the preheated pure aluminum ingot in an rh-890 crucible furnace under protective gas for heating and melting, wherein the melting temperature is 900 ℃, spreading a layer of plant ash to isolate air when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, pressing the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil prepared in the step (2) and the Al-2Sc mixture into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, heating and stirring at the temperature of 1050 ℃, heating and stirring for 10min until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat at the temperature of 850 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold preheated to 300 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
The Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner prepared in the comparative examples 1-4 is added into the A356.2 aluminum alloy aluminum solution melted at 700 ℃ in advance according to the content of 1% by weight, the temperature is raised to 750 ℃, the stirring is carried out for 5 minutes, the slag is removed, the slag is kept still for 10 minutes and poured into a metal mold preheated to 200 ℃, and the A356.2 aluminum alloy refined by the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner is obtained after cooling. The A356.2 aluminum alloy refined by the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner is tested for yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and hardness, and the test results are as follows:
| tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (HB) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 214.4 | 223 | 1.085 | 67.0 |
| Comparative example 2 | 265.4 | 259.7 | 1.091 | 77.4 |
| Comparative example 3 | 258.7 | 251.3 | 1.092 | 76.0 |
| Comparative example 4 | 253.1 | 250.3 | 1.087 | 72.0 |
As can be seen from the above table, after the temperature is lowered in comparative example 1, Al on the surface of the aluminum ingot cannot be removed due to the lower temperature2O3The film is melted, and the contact angle between the element C and the aluminum liquid is larger than 90 degrees, which causes that the graphite and the aluminum liquid are not wetted, so that the graphite floats on the surface of the solution, the TiC can not be generated, and the solution is non-uniform and cannot play a role in grain refinement;
in comparative example 2, the metal mold was not preheated, the uniform solution was poured into it, and due to the chilling effect of the mold, the aluminum solution formed a fine grain region on the surface, but easily caused defects such as difficult molding, sticking film, casting crack, etc., and although the performance of the obtained aluminum bar was optimized, the overall benefit was poor;
in the comparison document 3, the preform blocks and the Al-2Sc alloy blocks are not put in batches, the preform blocks and the Al-2Sc alloy blocks are successively put into completely molten aluminum, and stirring is continuously carried out, so that the reaction between part of the preforms and the aluminum liquid in the furnace is incomplete, and the carbon powder is coated by a fluorine-free potassium titanate melting film and floats above the aluminum liquid, namely the phenomenon that the carbon powder and the aluminum liquid are not wetted occurs in a small amount of the furnace; in the comparison document 4, Ti powder and C powder are made into a Ti-C preform through a powder pelletizer, and Ti powder and carbon powder are physically mixed to make the preform, the melting point of Ti powder is much higher than the temperature of aluminum liquid, and the Ti powder does not melt, but forms hard particles in the aluminum liquid, and the C powder does not wet with the aluminum liquid, has low density, floats on the surface of the aluminum liquid, and does not have a corresponding refining effect.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner, which is characterized in that: the intermediate alloy refiner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 10 percent of Ti, 1 to 5 percent of C, 0.5 to 2 percent of Sc and the balance of Al.
2. An Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ingot casting structure of the refiner comprises alpha-Al and TiAl3TiC and Al3Sc。
3. A preparation method of an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing graphite powder and potassium fluotitanate powder according to the weight ratio of 1: 3-5, adding a prefabricated body binder to prepare a prefabricated body with the grain diameter of 1-10 mm;
(2) mixing the prefabricated body with the massive Al-2Sc, and packaging with an aluminum foil to obtain a prefabricated body and Al-2Sc mixture wrapped by the aluminum foil;
(3) preheating a pure aluminum ingot, heating and melting under protective gas, scattering a layer of plant ash to isolate air when the aluminum ingot is completely melted into aluminum liquid, pressing the prefabricated body wrapped by the aluminum foil prepared in the step (2) and the Al-2Sc mixture into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in batches, heating and stirring until the prefabricated body and the Al-2Sc are completely dissolved in the aluminum liquid, standing and preserving heat to obtain an alloy aluminum solution;
(4) pouring the alloy aluminum solution obtained in the step (3) into a preheated metal mold, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner.
4. A method of producing an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner according to claim 3, characterized in that: the prefabricated body binder in the step (1) is a mineral powder binder, the grain diameter of the prefabricated body is 5mm, and the density of the prefabricated body is more than 2.7g/mm3。
5.A method of producing an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner according to claim 3, characterized in that: the preform in the step (1) is formed by countercurrent rotating friction in an inclined powder granulator, the power of the granulator is 1.5-2.0kW, and the inclination angle of the granulator is 20-30 degrees.
6. A method of producing an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner according to claim 3, characterized in that: the melting temperature of the aluminum liquid in the step (3) is 800-900 ℃.
7. A method of producing an Al-Ti-C-Sc master alloy refiner according to claim 3, characterized in that: and (3) pressing the aluminum foil wrapped preform and the Al-2Sc mixture into the bottom of the aluminum liquid in three batches, wherein the heating and stirring temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, the heating and stirring time is 5-10min, the standing and heat preservation temperature is 850-900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-60 min.
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