CN115986737B - High-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on simulated annealing algorithm - Google Patents
High-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on simulated annealing algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm, which comprises the following steps: setting a typical fault set based on typical faults of a power grid at a receiving end of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and designing an objective function of a simulated annealing algorithm; setting the number of optimized parameters of a VDCOL link, and initializing parameters of a simulated annealing algorithm as the optimal solution of the current parameters; in the iterative process, applying random disturbance to the optimal solution of the current parameter to generate a new parameter solution, comparing the new parameter solution with a target function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter, and judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm; and obtaining a final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system. The method adopts the simulated annealing algorithm to divide the VDCOL link into the control links consisting of the multi-segment functions, and reduces the risk of greatly derating transmission of the power of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under the condition of ensuring the stable operation of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control of high-voltage direct-current transmission systems, in particular to a high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm.
Background
The high-voltage direct current transmission system plays an important role in the process of establishing a novel power system taking new energy as a main body by virtue of the long-distance and large-capacity transmission characteristics of the high-voltage direct current transmission system, and can effectively relieve a plurality of challenges brought by the reverse distribution of a renewable energy base and a load center. However, as the coupling relation between the direct current transmission system and the traditional receiving end alternating current system is tighter, the global characteristic of the influence of the faults of the receiving end system is more prominent, particularly, the continuous commutation failure of the direct current transmission system caused by the faults of the alternating current system can cause the direct current transmission system to face locking faults and destroy the safe and stable operation of the alternating current-direct current series-parallel large power grid, so that the optimization of the existing high-voltage direct current transmission control method is needed.
At present, low-voltage current limiting control (voltage dependent current order limiter, VDCOL) is introduced into a converter station at the inversion side of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system to meet the transient stability of the system, and the low-voltage current limiting control is used as a basic component of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and plays an important role in the fault recovery stage of a receiving-end power grid, the operation mode control of the direct-current transmission system and the like. However, due to the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, the direct current is difficult to accurately and timely adjust in the recovery process after the system fails so as to adapt to the power interaction characteristic of the inversion side converter station and the receiving end alternating current system, and the direct current continuous commutation failure of the system is extremely easy to occur. By setting a typical fault set, a simulated annealing optimization algorithm can be utilized to optimize the traditional VDCOL link, so that a VDCOL optimization link formed by multiple piecewise functions is obtained, the actual requirement of power interaction in the fault recovery process of the receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is met, and the high-efficiency and stable operation of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of voltage instability in the transient process of the DC inversion side, the invention provides a high-voltage DC VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm, and an objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm is designed by establishing a typical fault set; based on single linear characteristics of the traditional VDCOL link, initializing the number and specific values of the optimized parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm; and the optimal solution updating condition and the corresponding judging criterion of the simulated annealing algorithm are provided, and the inflection point parameters of the VDCOL link can be optimized and solved, so that the high-efficiency stable operation of the high-voltage direct current transmission system under different disturbances is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing an objective function of a simulated annealing algorithm based on a typical fault of a power grid at a receiving end of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system;
based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, setting the number of optimized parameters of the VDCOL link, initializing parameters of a simulated annealing algorithm as the optimal solution of the current parameter, and solving the objective function value of the optimal solution of the current parameter;
in the iterative process, applying random disturbance to the optimal solution of the current parameter so as to generate a new parameter solution, comparing the new parameter solution with an objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter, and judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm;
and repeating the previous step until the set objective function condition is met, and obtaining an optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, namely a final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system.
Typical faults of the receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system include: the single-phase and three-phase short-circuit faults of the receiving end power grid, short-time and large-amplitude fluctuation of load, direct-current monopole locking and alternating-current filter faults.
The objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm is designed and expressed as:
expressed as:
wherein the method comprises the steps of：
In->
The actual value of the voltage of the inversion side converter bus of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is obtained; />
The voltage rating of the inversion side converter bus of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is set; />
Is an integral variable; />
Is a integrand variable; />
Typical fault removal time for the receiving end power grid; />
Is the recovery time after typical fault removal.
The setting of the number of the optimized parameters of the VDCOL link specifically comprises the following steps: according to the voltage-current characteristics of the VDCOL link, the voltage value and the current value in the optimization parameters are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the number of the optimization parameters is
Wherein->
The coordinate logarithm of the voltage value and the current value in the optimized parameter is obtained; the current set of parameter optimal solutions is expressed as:
wherein->
Coordinates representing the voltage and current values in the 1 st pair of optimization parameters, ">
Coordinates representing the voltage and current values in the 2 nd pair of optimization parameters, +.>
Indicate->
Coordinates of the voltage value and the current value in the optimization parameters of the pair.
Initializing the parameter values of the VDCOL link based on the set number of the optimized parameters, wherein the parameters are specifically as follows: minimum allowable current command in VDCOL link to prevent DC interruption
0.3 p.u., the corresponding starting voltage is 0.3 p.u.; maximum current command->
The same as the current rating of the HVDC system is 1.0 p.u., the corresponding voltage maximum threshold +.>
0.7 p.u.
Based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, and according to the number of the set optimized parameters, the voltage-current characteristic curves in the VDCOL link are evenly divided within the upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage-current characteristic curves, and the expression of the initialization parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm is as follows:
。
after initializing parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm, setting an initial temperature value of the simulated annealing algorithm
Calculating to obtain the objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter>
Generating a new parameter solution after applying random disturbance to the current parameter optimal solution in the iterative process, and calculating an objective function value corresponding to the new parameter solution/>
。
Judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, which specifically comprises the following steps: calculating an objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter
Objective function value corresponding to the new parameter solution +.>
Difference of->
：
Judging probability of accepting new parameter solution based on Metropolis criterion
The expression of (2) is as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional single linear VDCOL link, the high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm fully considers the power interaction characteristic of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system and the power grid at the receiving end of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system in the transient process, overcomes the defect of single linearity of the traditional VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, adopts the simulated annealing algorithm to divide the VDCOL link into control links consisting of multiple piecewise functions, optimizes and solves the parameters of each inflection point, and reduces the risk of large-amplitude derating transmission of the power of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under the condition of ensuring the stable operation of the system. The method effectively improves the recovery characteristic of the transient process of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and can realize the efficient and stable operation of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under different disturbances.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional VDCOL link voltage-current characteristic in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage change process of a converter bus of an inversion side converter station of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a change process of reactive power absorption by an inverter-side converter station of a hvdc transmission system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment provides a method for optimizing a high-voltage direct current VDCOL link based on a simulated annealing algorithm, which mainly includes a criterion for parameter initialization of the simulated annealing algorithm and parameter solution update in an iterative process, and specifically includes the following steps:
step A, setting a typical fault set based on typical faults of a power grid at a receiving end of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and designing an objective function of a simulated annealing algorithm;
the specific operation of the step A is as follows:
and setting a typical fault set of a receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, wherein the typical faults of the receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system comprise single-phase and three-phase short-circuit faults of a receiving end alternating-current system, short-time and large-amplitude fluctuation of load, direct-current monopole locking and alternating-current filter faults.
Designing objective function of simulated annealing optimization algorithm
Expressed as: />
（1）
In the middle of
The optimal solution of the current parameter is at->
Type typical failure->
The fitness obtained by calculating the typical faults; />
，/>
Representing a typical total number of fault types; />
，/>
Representing different fault states under the same type of typical fault;
wherein:
（2）
in the middle of
The actual value of the voltage of the inversion side converter bus of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is obtained; />
The voltage rating of the inversion side converter bus of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is set; />
Is an integral variable; />
Is a integrand variable; />
Typical fault removal time for the receiving end power grid; />
Is the recovery time after typical fault removal.
And B, setting the number of optimized parameters of the VDCOL link based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, initializing parameters of a simulated annealing algorithm to be the optimal solution of the current parameters, and solving the corresponding objective function value.
The specific operation of the step B is as follows:
setting the number of optimization parameters of the VDCOL link, which specifically comprises the following steps: according to the voltage-current characteristics of the VDCOL link, the voltage of the conventional VDCOL linkThe current characteristics are shown in figure 2, the voltage values and the current values in the optimized parameters are in one-to-one correspondence, and the number of the optimized parameters is
Wherein->
To optimize the logarithm of the voltage value and the current value in the parameter.
The current parameter optimal solution set of the specific simulated annealing algorithm is expressed as:
wherein->
Coordinates representing the voltage and current values in the 1 st pair of optimization parameters, ">
Coordinates representing the voltage and current values in the 2 nd pair of optimization parameters, +.>
Indicate->
Coordinates of the voltage value and the current value in the optimization parameters of the pair.
Initializing the parameter values of the VDCOL link based on the set number of the optimized parameters, wherein the parameters are specifically as follows: according to engineering experience, to prevent direct current interruption, minimum allowable current command in VDCOL link
0.3 p.u., the corresponding starting voltage is 0.3 p.u.; maximum current command->
The same as the current rating of the HVDC system is 1.0 p.u., the corresponding voltage maximum threshold +.>
0.7 p.u.
Based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, and according to the number of the set optimized parameters, the voltage-current characteristic curves in the VDCOL link are evenly divided within the upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage-current characteristic curves, and the expression of the initialization parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm is as follows:
（3）
step C, in the iterative process, applying random disturbance to the optimal solution of the current parameter so as to generate a new parameter solution, comparing the new parameter solution with an objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter, and judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm;
the specific operation of the step C is as follows:
setting initial temperature value of simulated annealing algorithm
Calculating to obtain the objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter>
Generating a new parameter solution after applying random disturbance to the current parameter optimal solution in the iterative process, and calculating an objective function value corresponding to the new parameter solution>
。
Judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, which specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating an objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter
Objective function value corresponding to the new parameter solution +.>
Difference of->
：/>
If->
Updating the new parameter solution into an algorithm parameter optimal solution; if->
It is determined whether to accept the new parameter solution based on the metapolis criterion.
Judging probability of accepting new parameter solution based on Metropolis criterion
The expression of (2) is: />
In the middle of
Is natural logarithm; />
To simulate the annealing algorithm temperature drop rate, +.>
。
And D, repeating all the steps in the step C until the set objective function condition is met, and obtaining an optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, namely a final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system.
In order to verify the effect of the present invention, the following examples illustrate the advancement of the proposed high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm.
Based on a CIGRE standard direct current test system on an electromagnetic transient simulation platform PSCAD/EMTDC, five fault sets of single-phase and three-phase short circuit faults, short-time and large-amplitude load fluctuation, direct current monopole locking and alternating current filter faults of a receiving end power grid of a high-voltage direct current transmission system are set. And optimizing the VDCOL link by adopting a PSCAD and MATLAB joint simulation method. When the simulated annealing algorithm is initialized, the number of the optimization parameters is set to be 8, and the initialization parameter values of the simulated annealing algorithm can be obtained according to the step B provided by the invention, as shown in the table 1.
Table 1 simulated annealing algorithm initialization parameter values
And C, inputting the physical model data acquired in the PSCAD into MATLAB for PSO optimization, and inputting the results of the inflection point parameters of the VDCOL after optimization into a standard direct current test physical model of the PSCAD again until the objective function of the formula (1) in the step A is met, so that the completion of the VDCOL link optimization can be judged. The results of the inflection point parameters obtained after the optimization are shown in table 2.
Table 2 parameter values after optimization of simulated annealing algorithm
In order to verify the superiority of the designed VDCOL optimized result, the method is compared with a conventional VDCOL control method adopted in a CIGRE standard direct current test system. Is arranged at the inversion side of the direct current transmission system at the 1 stsWhen a three-phase earth fault occurs, the duration is 0.05s. The change of the converter bus voltage of the inversion side converter station and the reactive power absorbed by the converter station in the process is shown in fig. 3 and 4.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the reactive power requirement of the converter station on the receiving ac system is reduced in the initial stage of the recovery process of the commutation failure of the dc power supply, and the ac bus voltage does not have a serious secondary drop phenomenon. As can be seen from fig. 4, the ac system at the receiving end tends to be stable in the later stage of the recovery process, and the reactive power absorbed by the inverter-side converter station increases more rapidly than in the reactive power absorption situation of the converter station in the conventional control method, so that the dc power transmission system can be recovered to the conventional working state more rapidly, and the reactive power shortage risk of the system possibly brought is reduced.
In summary, compared with the traditional single linear VDCOL link, the high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm fully considers the power interaction characteristic of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system and the power grid at the receiving end of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system in the transient process, overcomes the defect that the traditional VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is single in linearity, adopts the simulated annealing algorithm to divide the VDCOL link into control links consisting of multiple piecewise functions, optimizes and solves the parameters of each inflection point, and reduces the risk of large-scale derating transmission of the power of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under the condition of ensuring the stable operation of the system. The method effectively improves the recovery characteristic of the transient process of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and can realize the efficient and stable operation of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under different disturbances.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the specific embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which are intended to be covered by the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing an objective function of a simulated annealing algorithm based on a typical fault of a power grid at a receiving end of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system;
based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, setting the number of optimized parameters of the VDCOL link, initializing parameters of a simulated annealing algorithm as the optimal solution of the current parameter, and solving the objective function value of the optimal solution of the current parameter;
in the iterative process, applying random disturbance to the optimal solution of the current parameter so as to generate a new parameter solution, comparing the new parameter solution with an objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter, and judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm;
repeating the previous step until the set objective function condition is met, and obtaining an optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, namely a final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system;
the setting of the number of the optimized parameters of the VDCOL link specifically comprises the following steps: according to the voltage-current characteristics of the VDCOL link, the voltage value and the current value in the parameters are optimizedIn one-to-one correspondence, the number of the optimized parameters is
Wherein->
The coordinate logarithm of the voltage value and the current value in the optimized parameter is obtained;
the current set of parameter optimal solutions is expressed as:
wherein->
Coordinates representing the voltage and current values in the 1 st pair of optimization parameters, ">
Coordinates representing the voltage and current values in the 2 nd pair of optimization parameters, +.>
Indicate->
Coordinates of the voltage value and the current value in the optimized parameters of the pair;
initializing the parameter values of the VDCOL link based on the set number of the optimized parameters, wherein the parameters are specifically as follows:
minimum allowable current command in VDCOL link to prevent DC interruption
0.3 p.u., the corresponding starting voltage is 0.3 p.u.; maximum current command->
The same as the current rating of the HVDC system is 1.0 p.u., the corresponding voltage maximum threshold +.>
0.7 p.u.;
based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, and according to the number of the set optimized parameters, the voltage-current characteristic curves in the VDCOL link are evenly divided within the upper limit and the lower limit of the voltage-current characteristic curves, and the expression of the initialization parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm is as follows:
2. the simulated annealing algorithm-based high-voltage direct-current VDCOL link optimization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the typical faults of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system receiving end power grid comprise: the single-phase and three-phase short-circuit faults of the receiving end power grid, short-time and large-amplitude fluctuation of load, direct-current monopole locking and alternating-current filter faults.
3. The simulated annealing algorithm-based high voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm is designed
Expressed as:
in the middle of
At +.>
Type typical failure->
The fitness obtained by calculating the typical faults; />
，/>
Representing a typical total number of fault types; />
，
Representing different fault states under the same type of typical fault;
wherein:
in the middle of
The actual value of the voltage of the inversion side converter bus of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is obtained; />
The voltage rating of the inversion side converter bus of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is set; />
Is an integral variable; />
Is a integrand variable; />
Typical fault removal time for the receiving end power grid; />
Is the recovery time after typical fault removal.
4. The simulated annealing algorithm-based high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method as claimed in claim 1, wherein,after initializing parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm, setting an initial temperature value of the simulated annealing algorithm
Calculating to obtain the objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter>
Generating a new parameter solution after applying random disturbance to the current parameter optimal solution in the iterative process, and calculating an objective function value corresponding to the new parameter solution>
。
5. The method for optimizing a high-voltage direct current VDCOL link based on a simulated annealing algorithm as claimed in claim 4, wherein said determining whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm comprises:
calculating an objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter
Objective function value corresponding to the new parameter solution +.>
Difference of->
：/>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If->
Updating the new parameter solution into an algorithm parameter optimal solution; if->
It is determined whether to accept the new parameter solution based on the metapolis criterion.
6. The simulated annealing algorithm-based high voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the probability of accepting new parameter solutions is judged based on Metropolis criterion
The expression of (2) is as follows: />
In the middle of
Is natural logarithm; />
To simulate the annealing algorithm temperature drop rate, +.>
。/>
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