CN115986737A - High-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on simulated annealing algorithm - Google Patents
High-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on simulated annealing algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm, which comprises the following steps of: setting a typical fault set based on typical faults of a receiving end power grid of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and designing a target function of a simulated annealing algorithm; setting the number of optimized parameters of a VDCOL link, and initializing simulated annealing algorithm parameters as the optimal solution of the current parameters; in the iteration process, random disturbance is applied to the current parameter optimal solution to generate a new parameter solution, the objective function values corresponding to the new parameter solution and the current parameter optimal solution are compared, and whether the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm is updated or not is judged; and obtaining a final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct current transmission system. The method adopts the simulated annealing algorithm to divide the VDCOL link into the control link consisting of the multi-segment function, and reduces the risk of greatly derating the power of the high-voltage direct-current power transmission system under the condition of ensuring the stable operation of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control of a high-voltage direct current transmission system, in particular to a high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm.
Background
The high-voltage direct-current transmission system plays an important role in the process of establishing a novel power system taking new energy as a main body by virtue of the characteristics of long distance and large capacity transmission, and can effectively relieve a plurality of challenges caused by the fact that a renewable energy base and a load center are reversely distributed. However, as the coupling relationship between the dc transmission system and the conventional receiving-end ac system becomes tighter and tighter, the characteristics of global influence of the receiving-end system fault become more prominent, and especially when the ac system fault causes the continuous commutation failure of the dc transmission system, the more serious situation may cause the dc transmission system to face the blocking fault, which destroys the safe and stable operation of the large ac/dc hybrid power grid, and therefore, there is a need to optimize the existing high-voltage dc transmission control method.
At present, a low voltage current limiting controller (VDCOL) is introduced into an inverter side converter station of a high voltage direct current transmission system to meet the requirement of system transient stability, and the VDCOL is used as a basic component of the high voltage direct current transmission system and plays an important role in the fault recovery stage of a receiving end power grid, the control of the operation mode of the direct current transmission system and the like. However, due to the single linear characteristic of the conventional VDCOL link, it is difficult to accurately and timely adjust the magnitude of the direct current in the recovery process after the system fails to adapt to the power interaction characteristics of the inversion side converter station and the receiving end alternating current system, which is very likely to cause the system to fail in direct current continuous phase conversion. By setting a typical fault set, the conventional VDCOL link can be optimized by using a simulated annealing optimization algorithm to obtain the VDCOL optimization link formed by a multi-section function, the actual requirement of power interaction in the fault recovery process of a receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct current transmission system is met, and the high-efficiency and stable operation of the high-voltage direct current transmission system is favorably realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of voltage instability in the transient process of the direct current inversion side, the invention provides a high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm, and a target function of the simulated annealing algorithm is designed by establishing a typical fault set; initializing the number and specific numerical values of optimized parameters of a simulated annealing algorithm based on the single linear characteristic of the conventional VDCOL link; and the optimal solution updating condition and the corresponding judgment criterion of the simulated annealing algorithm are provided, so that the parameters of each inflection point of the VDCOL link can be optimized and solved, and the high-efficiency and stable operation of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under different disturbances is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing a target function of a simulated annealing algorithm based on the typical fault of a receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system;
setting the number of optimized parameters of the VDCOL link based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, initializing the simulated annealing algorithm parameters as the optimal solution of the current parameters, and solving the objective function value of the optimal solution of the current parameters;
in the iteration process, random disturbance is applied to the current parameter optimal solution so as to generate a new parameter solution, the objective function values corresponding to the new parameter solution and the current parameter optimal solution are compared, and whether the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm is updated or not is judged;
and repeating the previous step until the set target function condition is met, and obtaining the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, namely the final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct current transmission system.
Typical faults of a receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct current transmission system comprise: single-phase and three-phase short-circuit faults of a receiving-end power grid, short-time and large-amplitude load fluctuation, direct-current single-pole locking and alternating-current filter faults.
Designing an objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm, expressed as:
expressed as:
wherein:
in the formula>
The actual value of the voltage of the inversion side current conversion bus of the high-voltage direct current transmission system is obtained; />
Voltage rated values of a current conversion bus at the inversion side of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system are obtained; />
Is an integral variable; />
Is an integrand function variable; />
Removing time for typical faults of a receiving-end power grid; />
The recovery time after a typical fault has been removed.
The number of the optimized parameters for setting the VDCOL link specifically comprises the following steps: according to the voltage-current characteristics of the VDCOL link, the voltage value and the current value in the optimized parameters are in one-to-one correspondence, and the number of the optimized parameters is set as
Wherein->
The coordinate logarithm of the voltage value and the current value in the optimized parameter is obtained; the current parameter optimal solution set is represented as:
in which>
Coordinates representing the voltage value and the current value in the 1 st pair of optimization parameters>
Coordinates representing the voltage and current values in the 2 nd pair of optimization parameters>
Indicates the fifth->
Coordinates of voltage values and current values in the optimized parameters of the pairs.
Initializing VDCOL link parameter values based on the set optimized parameter number, specifically: minimum allowable current instruction in VDCOL link for preventing DC current interruption
Is 0.3 p.u., and the corresponding starting voltage is 0.3 p.u.; maximum current command->
The rated current value of the high-voltage direct current transmission system is 1.0 p.u., and the corresponding highest voltage threshold value
Is 0.7 p.u..
Based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link and according to the number of set optimized parameters, the voltage-current characteristic curve in the VDCOL link is evenly divided within the upper and lower limits, and the initialization parameter expression of the simulated annealing algorithm is as follows:
。
after initializing the simulated annealing algorithm parameters, setting the initial temperature value of the simulated annealing algorithm
Calculating to obtain a target function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter>
In the iteration process, random disturbance is applied to the current parameter optimal solution to generate a new parameter solution, and the objective function value ^ corresponding to the new parameter solution is calculated>
。
Judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, specifically comprising: calculating the objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter
The value of the objective function which is based on the new parameter solution>
In a number of difference values->
：
Judging the probability of accepting a new parameter solution based on Metropolis criterion
The expression of (a) is as follows:
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional single linear VDCOL link, the high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm fully considers the power interaction characteristic of the high-voltage direct current transmission system and a receiving end power grid in the transient process, overcomes the defect of single linearity of the VDCOL link of the traditional high-voltage direct current transmission system, adopts the simulated annealing algorithm to divide the VDCOL link into a control link consisting of multiple piecewise functions, optimizes and solves parameters of each inflection point, and reduces the risk of great power reduction transmission of the high-voltage direct current transmission system under the condition of ensuring the stable operation of the system. The method effectively improves the recovery characteristic of the transient process of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and can realize efficient and stable operation of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under different disturbances.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of steps of a high voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage-current characteristic curve of a conventional VDCOL link according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process of changing a voltage of a converter bus of a converter station on an inverter side of a high voltage direct current transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a change process of reactive power absorbed by an inverter-side converter station of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the description of the embodiments of the invention given above, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on a simulated annealing algorithm, which mainly includes a criterion for parameter initialization of the simulated annealing algorithm and parameter solution update in an iterative process, and specifically includes the following steps:
a, setting a typical fault set based on typical faults of a receiving end power grid of a high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and designing a target function of a simulated annealing algorithm;
the specific operation of step a is as follows:
and setting a typical fault set of a receiving-end power grid of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, wherein typical faults of the receiving-end power grid of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system comprise single-phase and three-phase short-circuit faults of a receiving-end alternating-current system, short-time and large-amplitude load fluctuation, direct-current single-pole locking and alternating-current filter faults.
Designing objective function of simulated annealing optimization algorithm
Expressed as: />
（1）
In the formula
The optimal solution of the current parameter is at the ^ th->
Is at a ^ th or greater on a typical type of fault>
Fitness obtained by calculating typical faults; />
，/>
Representing a total number of typical fault types; />
，/>
Representing different fault states under the same type of typical fault;
wherein:
（2）
in the formula
The actual value of the voltage of the inversion side current conversion bus of the high-voltage direct current transmission system is obtained; />
Voltage rated values of a current conversion bus at the inversion side of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system are obtained; />
Is an integral variable; />
Is an integrand function variable; />
Removing time for typical faults of a receiving-end power grid; />
Recovery after removal of typical faultsTime.
And step B, setting the number of optimized parameters of the VDCOL link based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, initializing the simulated annealing algorithm parameters to enable the parameters to be the optimal solution of the current parameters, and solving the corresponding objective function values.
The specific operation of step B is as follows:
the number of the optimized parameters for setting the VDCOL link specifically comprises the following steps: according to the voltage-current characteristics of the VDCOL link, the voltage-current characteristics of the conventional VDCOL link are shown in fig. 2, and the voltage values and the current values in the optimized parameters are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the number of the optimized parameters is set to
In which>
To optimize the coordinate logarithm of the voltage value and the current value in the parameters.
The current parameter optimal solution set of the specific simulated annealing algorithm is represented as:
wherein->
Coordinates representing the voltage value and the current value in the 1 st pair of optimization parameters>
Coordinates representing the voltage value and the current value in the 2 nd pair of optimization parameters>
Represents a fifth or fifth party>
Coordinates of voltage values and current values in the optimized parameters of the pairs.
Initializing VDCOL link parameter values based on the set optimized parameter number, specifically: according to engineering experience, the minimum allowable current instruction in VDCOL link for preventing DC current interruption
Is 0.3 p.u., and the corresponding starting voltage is 0.3 p.u.; maximum current command->
The rated value of the current is 1.0 p.u. which is the same as the rated value of the current of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and the corresponding voltage maximum threshold value is greater than or equal to>
Is 0.7 p.u..
Based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link and according to the number of set optimized parameters, the voltage-current characteristic curve in the VDCOL link is evenly divided within the upper and lower limits, and the initialization parameter expression of the simulated annealing algorithm is as follows:
（3）
step C, in the iterative process, random disturbance is applied to the current parameter optimal solution so as to generate a new parameter solution, the objective function values corresponding to the new parameter solution and the current parameter optimal solution are compared, and whether the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm is updated or not is judged;
the specific operation of step C is as follows:
setting initial temperature value of simulated annealing algorithm
And calculating to obtain a target function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter>
In the iteration process, random disturbance is applied to the current parameter optimal solution to generate a new parameter solution, and the objective function value ^ corresponding to the new parameter solution is calculated>
。
Judging whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, specifically comprising:
calculating the objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter
The value of the objective function which is based on the new parameter solution>
In a number of difference values->
：/>
If/or>
If so, updating the new parameter solution into an algorithm parameter optimal solution; if/or>
Then, whether to accept a new parameter solution is determined based on the Metropolis criteria.
Judging the probability of accepting a new parameter solution based on Metropolis criterion
The expression of (a) is: />
In the formula>
Is a natural logarithm; />
To simulate the rate of temperature decrease of an annealing algorithm, <' >>
。
And D, repeating all the steps in the step C until the set objective function condition is met, and obtaining an optimal solution of a simulated annealing algorithm, namely a final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct current transmission system.
In order to verify the effect of the present invention, the following example illustrates the advancement of the proposed high voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm.
Based on a CIGRE standard direct current test system on an electromagnetic transient simulation platform PSCAD/EMTDC, a high-voltage direct current transmission system receiving end power grid single-phase and three-phase short-circuit fault, load short-time large-amplitude fluctuation, direct current single-pole locking and alternating current filter fault set is set. And (4) optimizing the VDCOL link by adopting a PSCAD and MATLAB joint simulation method. When the simulated annealing algorithm is initialized, the number of the optimized parameters is set to be 8, and the initialized parameter value of the simulated annealing algorithm can be obtained according to the step B provided by the invention, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 simulated annealing Algorithm initialization parameter values
Inputting physical model data acquired in the PSCAD into the MATLAB for PSO optimization, inputting the optimized results of parameters of each inflection point of the VDCOL into the standard direct current test physical model of the PSCAD again until the target function of the formula (1) in the step A is met, and judging that the VDCOL link optimization is completed. The results of the parameters of each corner obtained after the optimization are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 values of parameters after optimization of simulated annealing algorithm
In order to verify the superiority of the designed optimized VDCOL result, the method is compared with a conventional VDCOL control method adopted in a CIGRE standard direct current test system. Arranged on the inversion side of a direct current transmission system at the 1 stsThree-phase earth fault occurs in time, and the duration is 0.05s. In the process, the voltage of the converter bus of the inverter side converter station of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system and the change of the absorbed reactive power of the converter station are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
As can be seen from fig. 3, in the initial stage of the recovery process of the commutation failure occurring in the direct current, the method provided by the present invention reduces the reactive power demand of the converter station on the receiving-end alternating current system, and the phenomenon of serious secondary drop of the alternating current bus voltage does not occur. As can be seen from fig. 4, in the later stage of the recovery process, the receiving-end ac system tends to be stable, and compared with the situation of reactive power absorption of the converter station in the conventional control method, the reactive power absorbed by the inverter-side converter station is increased more rapidly, so that the dc transmission system can be recovered to the conventional working state more rapidly, and the risk of reactive power shortage of the system, which may be brought about, is reduced.
In summary, compared with the traditional single linear VDCOL link, the high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm provided by the invention fully considers the power interaction characteristic of the high-voltage direct current transmission system and the receiving-end power grid during the transient process, overcomes the defect of single linearity of the VDCOL link of the traditional high-voltage direct current transmission system, adopts the simulated annealing algorithm to divide the VDCOL link into a control link consisting of multiple piecewise functions, optimizes and solves parameters of each inflection point, and reduces the risk of great power derating transmission of the high-voltage direct current transmission system under the condition of ensuring the stable operation of the system. The method effectively improves the recovery characteristic of the transient process of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, and can realize efficient and stable operation of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system under different disturbances.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing a target function of a simulated annealing algorithm based on typical faults of a receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct current transmission system;
setting the number of optimized parameters of the VDCOL link based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link, initializing parameters of a simulated annealing algorithm as the optimal solution of the current parameters, and solving the objective function value of the optimal solution of the current parameters;
in the iteration process, random disturbance is applied to the current parameter optimal solution so as to generate a new parameter solution, the objective function values corresponding to the new parameter solution and the current parameter optimal solution are compared, and whether the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm is updated or not is judged;
and repeating the previous step until the set target function condition is met, and obtaining the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm, namely the final parameter optimization result of the VDCOL link of the high-voltage direct current transmission system.
2. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm according to claim 1, wherein the typical fault of the receiving end power grid of the high-voltage direct current transmission system comprises: single-phase and three-phase short-circuit faults of a receiving-end power grid, short-time and large-amplitude load fluctuation, direct-current single-pole locking and alternating-current filter faults.
3. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm as claimed in claim 1, wherein the objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm is designed and expressed as:
expressed as:
wherein:
in the formula>
The actual value of the voltage of the inversion side current conversion bus of the high-voltage direct current transmission system is obtained; />
Voltage rated values of a current conversion bus at the inversion side of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system are obtained; />
Is an integral variable; />
Is an integrand function variable; />
Removing time for typical faults of a receiving-end power grid; />
The recovery time after a typical fault has been removed.
4. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm according to claim 1, wherein the setting of the number of parameters for the VDCOL link optimization specifically comprises: according to the voltage-current characteristics of the VDCOL link, optimizing the voltage value and the current value in the parametersOne-to-one correspondence relationship, the number of the optimized parameters is
Wherein->
Coordinate logarithms of voltage values and current values in optimized parameters are obtained; the current parameter optimal solution set is represented as: />
Wherein->
Coordinates representing the voltage value and the current value in the 1 st pair of optimization parameters>
Coordinates representing the voltage value and the current value in the 2 nd pair of optimization parameters>
Indicates the fifth->
Coordinates of voltage values and current values in the optimized parameters of the pairs.
5. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm as recited in claim 4, wherein the VDCOL link parameter values are initialized based on the set number of the optimization parameters, and specifically the method comprises the following steps: minimum allowable current command in VDCOL link to prevent DC current interruption
Is 0.3 p.u., and the corresponding starting voltage is 0.3 p.u.; maximum current command->
The rated current value of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is 1.0 p.u., corresponding to the rated current valuePeak threshold of pressure
Is 0.7 p.u.. />
6. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm as claimed in claim 5, wherein based on the single linear characteristic of the traditional VDCOL link and according to the number of the set optimization parameters, the voltage-current characteristic curve in the VDCOL link is divided evenly within the range of the upper and lower limits, and the expression of the initialization parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm is as follows:
。
7. the high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on simulated annealing algorithm according to claim 1, wherein initial temperature value of the simulated annealing algorithm is set after the parameters of the simulated annealing algorithm are initialized
And calculating to obtain a target function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter>
In the iteration process, random disturbance is applied to the current parameter optimal solution to generate a new parameter solution, and a target function value corresponding to the new parameter solution is calculated>
。
8. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm according to claim 7, wherein the determining whether to update the optimal solution of the simulated annealing algorithm specifically comprises: calculating the objective function value corresponding to the optimal solution of the current parameter
He XinValue of the target function corresponding to the parameter solution->
Is greater than or equal to>
：
9. The high-voltage direct current VDCOL link optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm of claim 8, wherein the probability of accepting a new parameter solution is judged based on Metropolis criterion
The expression of (a) is as follows:
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