CN115979481B - High-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system - Google Patents
High-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115979481B CN115979481B CN202310101229.3A CN202310101229A CN115979481B CN 115979481 B CN115979481 B CN 115979481B CN 202310101229 A CN202310101229 A CN 202310101229A CN 115979481 B CN115979481 B CN 115979481B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed rotating shaft torque measuring system, which comprises: the optical fiber sensor comprises a measured rotating shaft, an optical fiber sensing measurement component, an optical switch module, an optical fiber rotating connector, a demodulator and an upper computer; the optical fiber sensing measurement component is a plurality of groups of optical fiber sensors which are adhered to different points on the surface of the measured rotating shaft and are respectively used for measuring the strains of the different points of the measured rotating shaft, the optical switch module is used for switching on one input channel of the plurality of input channels, the optical fiber rotating connector is used for connecting the optical switch module with the demodulator so as to realize the bidirectional transmission of optical fiber signals, the demodulator is used for generating optical signals, receiving and demodulating the reflected optical signals of the optical fiber sensing measurement component, the upper computer is connected with the demodulator, and the upper computer is used for converting the reflected optical signals demodulated by the demodulator into torque values. The invention can perform high-reliability and high-sensitivity torque measurement under the working condition of high rotating speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of torque measurement, and particularly relates to a high-speed rotating shaft torque measurement system.
Background
Along with the continuous development of modern science and technology, the application range of the torque measurement technology is wider and wider. The torque measurement is more complex than other mechanical measurements, but is an important working parameter of the rotating power machine, and the torque measurement data of each mechanical device can be used as a mechanism of other physical phenomena and can also effectively provide scientific data for the measured part.
In the aerospace field, torque measurements under high rotational speed conditions are essential. Typical aerospace applications requiring high rotational speed torque measurements include aero-engine auxiliary machinery (alternators, starters, etc.), compressor and turbine shaft tests, helicopter transmission tests, etc., where standard components such as gears, bearings, fuel pumps and seals are required to make torque measurements, where high speed gearboxes measure rotational speeds up to 30,000rpm.
However, under the condition that the rotating shaft rotates at a high speed, the current common resistance strain gauge torque measurement method adopts the brush type collecting ring to supply power, so that the phenomenon of poor contact and even falling of a brush easily occurs, and the signal error is large; the problems of measurement failure can occur due to strong vibration caused by high rotation speed in the magnetoelectric and magnetoelectric torque measurement methods. In addition, the measurement environment of an aeroengine and the like is a severe environment, and the conventional electromagnetic torque sensor is extremely fragile along with extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and the like. As a prior art, CN115266087a discloses a device for measuring torque, rotation angle, rotation speed of a rotating shaft and wireless data transmission, and CN205861101U discloses a composite sensor for measuring axial force and torque. However, these prior arts have the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-speed rotating shaft torque measurement system which can be used for measuring torque with high reliability and high sensitivity under the working condition of high rotating speed.
One aspect of the present invention provides a high-speed rotating shaft torque measurement system comprising: the optical fiber sensor comprises a measured rotating shaft, an optical fiber sensing measurement component, an optical switch module, an optical fiber rotating connector, a demodulator and an upper computer;
the optical fiber sensing measurement component is a plurality of groups of optical fiber sensors which are stuck to different points on the surface of the measured rotating shaft and are respectively used for measuring the strains of the different points of the measured rotating shaft and converting the strains into reflected light signals, the same group of optical fiber sensors are positioned on the same first optical fiber and are connected with each other in series, and the different groups of optical fiber sensors are connected into the optical switch module in parallel through a plurality of first optical fibers;
one end of the optical switch module is provided with a plurality of input channels, the plurality of input channels are used for being connected with the plurality of groups of optical fiber sensors in parallel, the optical switch module is used for switching on one input channel of the plurality of input channels, the other end of the optical switch module is provided with an output channel which is connected with the optical fiber rotary connector, and the input channels and the output channels can support bidirectional transmission of optical signals;
the optical fiber rotary connector is used for connecting the optical switch module and the demodulator so as to realize bidirectional transmission of optical fiber signals, the optical fiber rotary connector comprises a rotor end and a stator end, the rotor end of the optical fiber rotary connector is connected with an output channel of the optical switch module through a second optical fiber, and the stator end of the rotary connector is connected with the demodulator through a third optical fiber;
the optical signal that the demodulator was used for producing the optical signal, received and demodulated the reflection optical signal of optic fibre sensing measurement component, the host computer with the demodulator is connected, the host computer is used for with the reflection optical signal that the demodulator demodulated turns into the moment of torsion value, the optical signal that the demodulator produced gets into the optical switch module through the rotatory connector of optic fibre, the optical switch module switches over one of a plurality of input channels of switching on, makes the optical signal get into a set of optical fiber sensor of corresponding, and this a set of optical fiber sensor of corresponding returns the reflection optical signal the demodulator, the demodulator demodulates the reflection optical signal, the host computer is according to the reflection optical signal that the demodulator demodulated calculates corresponding moment of torsion value.
Preferably, each group of optical fiber sensors is 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors connected in series on the same single mode fiber, the 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors are uniformly adhered at equal intervals along the circumferential surface of the tested rotating shaft, wherein the included angle between 2 sensors and the central axis of the tested rotating shaft is 45 degrees, and the included angle between 2 sensors and the central axis of the tested rotating shaft is 135 degrees.
Preferably, the torque value of the measured rotation shaft is calculated by the following formula
：
Wherein t is the time of the time,
the real-time center wavelength of the reflected light signals of the 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors are obtained by demodulating the reflected light signals through the demodulator, < +.>
Initial center wavelength of 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors respectively, < >>
Is the effective elastic light coefficient of the first to third optical fibers, D is the diameter of the measured rotating shaft, E is the tensile elastic modulus of the measured rotating shaft, < >>
For the polar moment of inertia of the axis of rotation to be measured, < +.>
。
Preferably, the high-speed rotating shaft torque measurement system further comprises a poking pin, the poking pin is used for connecting the measured rotating shaft with the optical fiber rotating connector, the tail part of the measured rotating shaft is connected with the rotor end of the optical fiber rotating connector through the poking pin, the optical switch module is fixed inside the poking pin, and the rotor end of the optical fiber rotating connector, the optical switch module and the optical fiber sensing measurement component rotate together with the measured rotating shaft.
Preferably, the poking pin is provided with an opening for the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber to pass through, and the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are respectively connected with an input channel of the optical switch module and a rotor end of the optical fiber rotary connector through the opening.
Preferably, the optical switch module comprises a power supply and signal control module and a high-speed optical switch, wherein the power supply and signal control module is used for supplying power to the high-speed optical switch and driving the high-speed optical switch to switch and conduct the plurality of input channels.
Preferably, the optical switch module further comprises a channel marking grating for distinguishing data of different input channels of the plurality of input channels.
Preferably, the high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system further comprises a protection shell, wherein the protection shell is fixedly connected with the measured rotation shaft through a self-locking device and is used for protecting the optical fiber sensing measurement component and the first optical fiber which are adhered to the surface of the measured rotation shaft, and a connection part of the protection shell and the measured rotation shaft is perforated so as to facilitate the first optical fiber to pass through.
Preferably, the fiber optic rotary connector is a coaxial high speed fiber optic rotary connector.
Preferably, the optical fiber sensor in the optical fiber sensing measurement component may be an F-P optical fiber sensor or an optical fiber grating sensor.
According to the high-speed rotating shaft torque measuring system, torque measurement with high reliability and high sensitivity can be performed under the working condition of high rotating speed.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description will be given with reference to the attached drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it being obvious that the attached drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other attached drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without the need of inventive effort:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of a fiber optic sensing measurement component according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an optical switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rotary connector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a high-speed rotating shaft torque measurement system that is applicable to high-speed rotating torque measurements of aircraft engines, such as the rotating shafts of alternators, starters, compressors, turbines, and the like. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a rotation shaft 1 to be measured, an optical fiber sensing measurement member 2, an optical switch module 3, an optical fiber rotating connector 4, a demodulator 5, and a host computer 6.
The optical fiber sensing measurement component 2 is a plurality of groups of optical fiber sensors, and forms a multi-channel parallel optical fiber sensing measurement group, wherein the plurality of groups of optical fiber sensors are adhered to different points on the surface of the measured rotating shaft 1, are respectively used for measuring the strain (torsional strain) of the different points on the surface of the measured rotating shaft 1, and convert the strain into a reflected light signal, namely, each group of optical fiber sensors can perform torque measurement of one point. The same group of optical fiber sensors are positioned on the same first optical fiber and are connected with each other in a serial manner, and different groups of optical fiber sensors are connected into the optical switch module 3 in a parallel manner through a plurality of first optical fibers 21.
The optical fiber sensors are adhered to the surface of the tested rotating shaft 1 in a full-bridge, half-bridge or temperature compensation mode. In one embodiment, each set of fiber optic sensors includes 4 fiber grating strain sensors connected to each other in series and located on a single mode fiber. Each group of optical fiber sensors is stuck on the circumference line of a certain measuring point on the surface of the tested rotating shaft in a full-bridge strain measurement layout mode, and torsion strain generated on the surface of the tested rotating shaft 1 is measured.
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of a fiber optic sensing measurement component according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, the full bridge paste layout is performed as follows: each group of optical fiber sensors comprises 4 optical fiber grating strain sensors (R1, R2, R3 and R4), the optical fiber grating strain sensors are uniformly stuck at equal intervals along the circumferential surface of a detected rotating shaft (every 90 degrees), wherein the included angles between the sensors R1 and R3 and the central axis of the detected rotating shaft are 45 degrees, the included angles between the sensors R2 and R4 and the central axis of the detected rotating shaft are 135 degrees, the 4 optical fiber grating strain sensors are positioned on the same single mode optical fiber (first optical fiber 21), strain sensing is carried out in a wavelength division multiplexing mode, then real-time central wavelength values of the 4 optical fiber grating strain sensors are obtained through resolving through a demodulator 5, and the central wavelength values are converted into measurement torque values through an upper computer 6.
In further embodiments, the fiber sensor in the fiber sensing measurement component 2 may be an F-P fiber sensor (fiber fabry-perot sensor) or a fiber grating sensor, which may be used in series or in parallel with the fiber grating sensor.
The optical switch module 3 is used for switching and conducting the optical signals of one group of optical fiber sensors in the optical fiber sensor measuring component 2 at a high speed. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an optical switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the optical switch module 3 is provided with a plurality of input channels (CH 1-CHn) at one end thereof, which constitute an input channel array 10 for accessing a plurality of first optical fibers 21 (a plurality of sets of optical fiber sensors of the optical fiber sensing measurement part 2) in parallel, and an output channel 12 at the other end thereof, which is connected to the optical fiber rotary connector 4. Each group of optical fiber sensors of the optical fiber sensing measurement component 2 forms a measurement channel, and a plurality of measurement channels are respectively connected into the input channel array 10 in a parallel mode through a first optical fiber and transmit optical signals through the same output channel 12, and the input channel array 10 and the output channel 12 can support bidirectional transmission of the optical signals.
In one embodiment, the optical switch module 3 includes a power and signal control module 9 and a high speed optical switch 11. The power supply and signal control module 9 is used for supplying power to the high-speed optical switch 11 and for controlling the high-speed optical switch 11 to switch on the input channel array 10 and the output channel 12. And 513 is a channel marking grating, each channel of the signal input array 10 is connected in series with a channel marking grating 13 with a unique wavelength, and when the demodulator 5 processes the reflected light signal of the optical fiber sensing measurement component 2, the reflected signal data of different optical fiber sensing measurement groups in the optical fiber sensing measurement component 2 can be distinguished.
The channel on-off control method of the optical switch module 3 is as follows: the power supply and signal control module 9 gives a drive signal with a certain frequency, drives the high-speed optical switch 11 to sequentially switch and conduct the input channel array 10 and the output channel 12 at the given signal frequency, and can realize multi-channel quasi-continuous measurement under the ultra-high-speed channel switching condition by switching and conducting one input channel and one output channel each time.
The optical fiber rotary connector 4 is used to connect the optical switch module 3 (as a rotating part of the high-speed rotation shaft torque measuring system of the embodiment of the present invention) with the demodulator 5 (as a non-rotating part of the high-speed rotation shaft torque measuring system of the embodiment of the present invention) to realize bidirectional transmission of optical fiber signals. Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a rotary connector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the fiber optic rotary connector 4 includes a rotor end 14 and a stator end 15. The rotor end 14 is connected to the output channel of the optical switch module 3 via a second optical fiber 22 and the stator end 15 is connected to the demodulator 5 via a third optical fiber 23. Preferably, the fiber optic rotary connector 4 is a coaxial high speed fiber optic rotary connector.
The demodulator 5 is used for generating a broadband optical signal, receiving and demodulating the reflected optical signal of the optical fiber sensing measurement component 2. The upper computer 6 is connected with the demodulator 5 and is used for converting the reflected light signal demodulated by the demodulator 5 into a torque value. Specifically, the optical signal generated by the demodulator 5 enters the optical switch module 5 through the optical fiber rotary connector 4, the optical switch module 5 switches on one input channel in the input channel array 10, so that the optical signal enters a corresponding group of optical fiber sensors, the corresponding group of optical fiber sensors return the reflected optical signal to the demodulator 5, the demodulator 5 demodulates the reflected optical signal, and the upper computer 6 calculates a corresponding torque value according to the reflected optical signal demodulated by the demodulator 5.
In one example, the high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a poking pin 7 for connecting the measured rotation shaft 1 with the optical fiber rotation connector 4, wherein the tail portion of the measured rotation shaft 1 is connected with the rotor end 14 of the optical fiber rotation connector 4 through the poking pin 7, the optical switch module 3 is fixed inside the poking pin 7, and is connected with the rotor end 14 of the optical fiber rotation connector 4 through the poking pin 7, and the rotor end 14 of the optical fiber rotation connector 4 rotates together with the optical switch module 3 and the optical fiber sensing measurement part 2 along with the measured rotation shaft 1. The poking pin 7 can be connected with the tested rotating shaft 1 in a bonding way and synchronously and coaxially rotate. The rotor end 14 can be connected with the poking pin 7 in a bonding way and synchronously rotate along with the rotation shaft 1 to be tested coaxially. Therefore, the tested rotating shaft 1 and the optical fiber rotating connector 4 can coaxially rotate, and the bidirectional transmission loss of the optical signal is very small. The stator end 15 is externally fixed and does not rotate with the shaft. The poking pin 7 is used for connecting the measured rotating shaft 1 with the rotor end 14 of the optical fiber rotating connector 4, and keeping the measured rotating shaft 1 and the optical fiber rotating connector 4 to coaxially and synchronously rotate. The poking pin 7 is provided with openings for the first optical fibers 21 and the second optical fibers 22 to pass through, and the first optical fibers 21 and the second optical fibers 22 are respectively connected with the input channel array 10 of the optical switch module 3 and the rotor end 14 of the optical fiber rotary connector 4 through the openings.
In an embodiment, the high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a protection housing 8, where the protection housing 8 is fixedly connected to flanges on two sides of the rotation shaft 1 to be measured by a self-locking device, and keeps rotating synchronously, so as to protect the optical fiber sensing measurement component 2 and the first optical fiber 21 attached to the surface of the rotation shaft 1 to be measured, and a hole is formed at a connection portion between the protection housing 8 and the rotation shaft 1 to be measured, so that the first optical fiber 21 can pass through conveniently.
In the high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber may be routed as follows: the parallel-led first optical fibers of the optical fiber sensing measurement component 2 pass through the opening of the measured rotating shaft 1, are sequentially connected into the input channel array 10 of the optical switch module 3 after passing through the opening of the poking pin 7, the second optical fibers 22 led out of the output channel 12 of the optical switch module 3 are connected into the rotor end 14 of the optical fiber rotating connector 4, and the first optical fibers 21 and the second optical fibers 22 can synchronously rotate along with the shaft; the third optical fiber 23 led out from the stator end 15 of the optical fiber rotary connector 4 is connected to the fiber bragg grating demodulator 5, and the third optical fiber 23 does not rotate. The fiber grating demodulator 5 is connected with the upper computer 6, and is used for processing the measurement signal of the fiber sensing measurement component 2, and resolving and converting the measurement signal into a torque value of the measured rotating shaft 1 by the upper computer 6. The optical fibers used in the invention comprise the optical fibers where the optical fiber sensor is positioned and the transmission optical fibers (first to third optical fibers and the like), which are all the same type of single-mode optical fibers, and have the same structural size, optical parameters and material parameters.
The working principle of the high-speed rotating shaft torque measuring system of the embodiment of the invention is described as follows: the demodulator 5 sends out broadband optical signals, the broadband optical signals enter an output channel 12 of the optical switch module 3 after passing through the optical fiber rotary connector 4, and a certain input channel which is conducted at the moment is controlled by the high-speed optical switch 11 in the input channel array 10 (CH 1-CHn) to enter an optical fiber sensing measurement group of a corresponding channel of the optical fiber sensing measurement component 2; after the broadband optical signal sent by the demodulator 5 passes through the optical fiber sensor, the optical fiber sensor reflects the narrowband optical signal with specific wavelength, and as the optical fiber sensor senses the surface strain of the rotating shaft to be measured, the reflected narrowband optical signal generates corresponding wavelength change, the reflected narrowband optical signal returns to the demodulator 5 through the original transmission path, the wavelength change of the optical fiber sensor is obtained by demodulation of the demodulator 5, and the real-time torque value corresponding to the measurement point position is obtained by software analysis and calculation of the upper computer 6. The optical switch module 3 sequentially switches and connects an input channel and an output channel at a set frequency at a high speed, so as to realize continuous measurement of multiple measuring point positions, wherein the return data of different optical fiber sensor groups are distinguished according to the specific wavelength reflected light signals of the signal marking grating 13 connected with the inlet of the input channel array 10 (CH 1-CHn), and each channel corresponds to a non-repeated unique wavelength signal and is obtained through calculation by the demodulator 5.
In the above example of the high-speed rotation shaft torque measurement system of the embodiment of the present invention, the upper computer 6 may calculate the torque value as follows:
when the external motor rotates to apply torque M to the tested rotating shaft 1, the tested rotating shaft 1 with the diameter of D and the length of L is twisted to generate strain tau, namely torsion deformation, and when the shearing stress applied to the tested rotating shaft 1 does not exceed the bearing limit of the material, the maximum shearing strain is generated on the shaft surface
Occurs at 45 ° to the axis:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Is solid round shaft torsional rigidity, E is tensile elastic modulus of the tested rotating shaft, polar moment of inertia +.>
Can be expressed as
The differential full-bridge measurement structure is formed by 4 fiber grating strain sensors (R1, R2, R3 and R4) with different center wavelengths, and under the linear strain condition, the dynamic relationship between the center wavelength of the 4 fiber grating strain sensors and the strain and temperature change can be expressed as:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
corresponding to strain values sensed by 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors stuck along the axial direction +/-45 degrees, the following steps are:
The temperature sensitivity difference caused by the difference of the center wavelengths of the 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors is very small, and can be considered to be approximately equal. Under the condition of linear strain, the differential equation of the central wavelength strain response of the adjacent 2 fiber bragg grating strain sensors with the pasting angle difference of 90 degrees is as follows:
and (3) making:
the method comprises the following steps:
thus, it is possible to obtain:
wherein t is the time of the time,
the real-time wavelength of the reflected light signals of the 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors is obtained by demodulating the reflected light signals by the demodulator 5>
Real-time wavelength differential variation of reflected light signals of 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors, +.>
The initial center wavelengths of the 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors are respectively calculated, so that the upper computer 6 can convert the wavelength values into torque values.
According to the high-speed rotating shaft torque measurement system, multiple groups of optical fiber sensors are used for parallel measurement and combined with a high-speed optical switch technology, torque measurement can be performed at multiple points of a rotating component, the system is good in expandability, a large number of sensors can be accommodated, and the high-speed optical switch channel switching can ensure quasi-real-time measurement of the rotating component; the rotary signal transmission mode using the coaxial high-speed optical fiber rotary connector has high reliability, extremely low loss and long service life, and can bear the rotating speed condition of more than 30,000rpm. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic torque sensor, the high-speed rotating shaft torque measuring system based on the optical fiber sensing technology has the advantages of small volume, good electromagnetic interference resistance, high sensitivity, good electrical insulation performance, radiation resistance, long service life, high reliability, low loss and the like, can be used in severe environments such as corrosion, high temperature, high pressure and the like, and can realize large-area distributed measurement by utilizing the technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing, time division multiplexing and the like.
While certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of illustration only, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that modifications may be made to the described embodiments in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive of the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A high speed rotating shaft torque measurement system, comprising: the optical fiber sensor comprises a measured rotating shaft, an optical fiber sensing measurement component, an optical switch module, an optical fiber rotating connector, a demodulator and an upper computer;
the optical fiber sensing measurement component is a plurality of groups of optical fiber sensors which are stuck to different points on the surface of the measured rotating shaft and are respectively used for measuring the strains of the different points of the measured rotating shaft and converting the strains into reflected light signals, the same group of optical fiber sensors are positioned on the same first optical fiber and are connected with each other in series, and the different groups of optical fiber sensors are connected into the optical switch module in parallel through a plurality of first optical fibers;
one end of the optical switch module is provided with a plurality of input channels, the plurality of input channels are used for being connected with the plurality of groups of optical fiber sensors in parallel, the optical switch module is used for switching on one input channel of the plurality of input channels, the other end of the optical switch module is provided with an output channel which is connected with the optical fiber rotary connector, and the input channels and the output channels can support bidirectional transmission of optical signals;
the optical fiber rotary connector is used for connecting the optical switch module and the demodulator so as to realize bidirectional transmission of optical fiber signals, the optical fiber rotary connector comprises a rotor end and a stator end, the rotor end of the optical fiber rotary connector is connected with an output channel of the optical switch module through a second optical fiber, and the stator end of the rotary connector is connected with the demodulator through a third optical fiber;
the demodulator is used for generating optical signals, receiving and demodulating the reflected optical signals of the optical fiber sensing measurement component, the upper computer is connected with the demodulator, the upper computer is used for converting the reflected optical signals demodulated by the demodulator into torque values, the optical signals generated by the demodulator enter the optical switch module through the optical fiber rotary connector, the optical switch module is switched and conducted on one of the input channels to enable the optical signals to enter a corresponding group of optical fiber sensors, the corresponding group of optical fiber sensors return the reflected optical signals to the demodulator, the demodulator demodulates the reflected optical signals, the upper computer calculates corresponding torque values according to the reflected optical signals demodulated by the demodulator,
the high-speed rotating shaft torque measuring system further comprises a poking pin, wherein the poking pin is used for connecting the measured rotating shaft with the optical fiber rotating connector, the tail part of the measured rotating shaft is connected with the rotor end of the optical fiber rotating connector through the poking pin, the optical switch module is fixed inside the poking pin, and the rotor end of the optical fiber rotating connector, the optical switch module and the optical fiber sensing measuring component rotate together with the measured rotating shaft;
the poking pin is provided with an opening for the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber to pass through, and the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are respectively connected with an input channel of the optical switch module and a rotor end of the optical fiber rotary connector through the opening.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein each set of fiber optic sensors is 4 fiber optic grating strain sensors connected in series to the same single mode fiber, the 4 fiber optic grating strain sensors being uniformly affixed at equal intervals along the circumferential surface of the measured rotating shaft, wherein 2 sensors are at 45 ° to the central axis of the measured rotating shaft, and the other 2 sensors are at 135 ° to the central axis of the measured rotating shaft.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the torque value of the rotating shaft under test is calculated by the formula
：
Wherein t is the time of the time,
the real-time center wavelength of the reflected light signals of the 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors are obtained by demodulating the reflected light signals through the demodulator, < +.>
Initial center wavelength of 4 fiber bragg grating strain sensors respectively, < >>
Is the effective elastic light coefficient of the first to third optical fibers, D is the diameter of the measured rotating shaft, E is the tensile elastic modulus of the measured rotating shaft, < >>
For the polar moment of inertia of the axis of rotation to be measured, < +.>
。
4. A system according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the optical switch module comprises a power and signal control module and a high speed optical switch, the power and signal control module being configured to power the high speed optical switch and to drive the high speed optical switch to switch on the plurality of input channels.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the optical switch module further comprises a channel marking grating for distinguishing data of different input channels of the plurality of input channels.
6. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a protective housing fixedly connected to the rotating shaft to be measured by a self-locking device for protecting the optical fiber sensing measurement member and the first optical fiber attached to the surface of the rotating shaft to be measured, and a hole is perforated at the connection between the protective housing and the rotating shaft to be measured so as to facilitate the passage of the first optical fiber.
7. A system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the fiber optic rotary connector is a coaxial high speed fiber optic rotary connector.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the fiber sensor in the fiber optic sensing measurement component is an F-P fiber optic sensor or a fiber grating sensor.
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