CN115979118B - Device and method for measuring verticality error and error azimuth angle of cylindrical part - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring verticality error and error azimuth angle of cylindrical part Download PDF

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CN115979118B
CN115979118B CN202310256998.0A CN202310256998A CN115979118B CN 115979118 B CN115979118 B CN 115979118B CN 202310256998 A CN202310256998 A CN 202310256998A CN 115979118 B CN115979118 B CN 115979118B
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cylindrical part
sliding block
measuring
displacement sensor
error
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CN115979118A (en
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王智伟
付鹏豪
许聪
贾艳昊
宋力
杨冰晴
李海印
王吉岱
孙爱芹
魏军英
陈广庆
袁亮
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of part precision measurement, and particularly discloses a device and a method for measuring verticality errors and error azimuth angles of cylindrical parts. The measuring device comprises an operating platform, an objective table, a calibration block, a sliding block, a displacement sensor and a data acquisition device. The objective table and the sliding block are both arranged on the operation table. One side of the objective table is abutted with one side of the sliding block, and the height of the sliding block is higher than that of the objective table. The calibration block is arranged on the objective table and is abutted against the side face of the sliding block, and the cylindrical part to be tested is arranged on the objective table and is abutted against the calibration block and the sliding block. The table top of the operating table, the side surface of the sliding block, the upper surface and the lower surface of the objective table, the side surface and the side surface of the calibration block all have high-precision flatness. The upper surface of sliding block is equipped with the fixed bolster, and displacement sensor locates on the fixed bolster and sets up in opposite directions with the calibration piece, and displacement sensor is connected with data acquisition device. The invention has simple operation, low cost and satisfied measurement precision.

Description

Device and method for measuring verticality error and error azimuth angle of cylindrical part
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of part precision measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring verticality errors and error azimuth angles of cylindrical parts.
Background
The perpendicularity is taken as a basic geometric error of a part, and has an influence on the working performance of the part. Before a component with a requirement on verticality is used, in order to enable the component to meet the working requirement, it is important to measure the verticality between the end face of the component and the center line.
At present, most of devices such as a three-coordinate measuring instrument are used for measuring the geometric errors and directions of cylindrical parts, but the devices are high in price and high in requirements on use environments, and are not beneficial to field measurement. In order to improve the measurement efficiency of the verticality error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part and reduce the measurement cost, it is necessary to provide a simple measurement device and method for the verticality error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring device for verticality errors and error azimuth angles of cylindrical parts, which effectively solves the problems of high cost and low measuring efficiency of current measuring equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a measuring device for verticality errors and error azimuth angles of cylindrical parts comprises an operating platform, an objective table, a calibration block, a sliding block, a displacement sensor and a data acquisition device.
The calibration block, the sliding block and the objective table are all in a cuboid shape.
The operation table comprises a table top with high-precision flatness, and the object table and the sliding block are both arranged on the table top.
One side of the objective table is abutted with one side of the sliding block, the height of the sliding block is higher than that of the objective table, the side of the sliding block abutted with the objective table has high-precision flatness, the upper surface, the lower surface and the side face of objective table with the sliding block butt all have the roughness of high accuracy.
The calibration block is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table and is abutted against the side face of the sliding block, the cylindrical part to be tested is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table and is abutted against the calibration block and the sliding block, and the side face of the calibration block which is abutted against the sliding block and the cylindrical part to be tested has high-precision flatness.
The upper surface of sliding block is equipped with the fixed bolster, displacement sensor locates on the fixed bolster and set up in opposite directions with the calibration piece, displacement sensor with data acquisition device is connected.
Further, two displacement sensors are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other.
Further, the displacement sensor includes, but is not limited to, an inductance micro meter and an eddy current sensor, and the two displacement sensors are identical in model.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a verticality error and an error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part, which is applied to the device for measuring a verticality error and an error azimuth angle of a cylindrical part according to the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:
s1, placing a cylindrical part to be tested on an objective table and enabling the cylindrical part to be abutted against a calibration block and a sliding block;
s2, calibrating the displacement sensor by using a calibration block;
s3, continuously pushing the sliding block from the calibration block to the direction of the cylindrical part along the side surface of the object stage at a constant speed, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
s4, returning the sliding block to an initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part clockwise by 90 degrees;
s5, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s6, returning the sliding block to an initial position, turning over the cylindrical part, then rotating the cylindrical part clockwise for 180 degrees, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s7, returning the sliding block to an initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part clockwise by 90 degrees;
s8, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
and S9, after the measurement is completed, the data acquisition device analyzes and processes the measured data and outputs the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part.
Further, the perpendicularity error of the bottom end surface of the cylindrical part and the axis thereof is that
Figure SMS_1
The bottom end surface refers to the end surface of the cylindrical part which is in contact with the upper surface of the stage.
The azimuth angle of error measured by taking one end face of the cylindrical part as the bottom end face
Figure SMS_2
Similarly, the azimuth angle of error +.measured with the other end face of the cylindrical part as the bottom end face can be obtained>
Figure SMS_3
The error azimuth angle of the two end surfaces of the cylindrical part is
Figure SMS_4
Wherein Δ is the projected length of the axis of the cylindrical part at the bottom end face;
l oa is the axial length of the cylindrical part;
r is the radius of the bottom end surface;
Figure SMS_5
Figure SMS_6
Figure SMS_7
a measured value peak value of the first displacement sensor when the first bus is measured;
Figure SMS_8
is the peak value of the measured value of the second displacement sensor when the first bus is measured;
Figure SMS_9
a measured value peak value of the first displacement sensor when the second bus is measured;
Figure SMS_10
is the peak value of the measured value of the second displacement sensor when measuring the second bus;
Figure SMS_11
an initial value of the first displacement sensor when the first bus is measured;
Figure SMS_12
is an initial value of the second displacement sensor when measuring the first bus;
Figure SMS_13
is the initial value of the first displacement sensor when measuring the second busbar;
Figure SMS_14
is the initial value of the second displacement sensor when measuring the second busbar. />
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the measuring device provided by the invention has low cost, and the measuring precision can meet the requirements; moreover, the invention has simple operation and can rapidly realize the measurement of the perpendicularity error between the end face of the cylindrical part and the axis and the error azimuth angle of the two end faces.
Drawings
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measuring method of the present invention, wherein the origin o of the xyz space rectangular coordinate system is the center of the bottom end surface of the cylindrical part, the positive x-axis direction is perpendicular to the first generatrix, and the positive y-axis direction is perpendicular to the second generatrix;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positions of a first busbar and a second busbar measured by the invention, wherein the origin o of an xyz space rectangular coordinate system is the center of a circle of the bottom end surface of a cylindrical part, the positive direction of an x axis is vertical to the first busbar, and the positive direction of a y axis is vertical to the second busbar;
FIG. 4 is a graph of measurement data obtained by taking an end face as an example, wherein A, B, C, D represents measurement conditions of a displacement sensor in four stages of calibration block, suspension, cylindrical part and suspension respectively;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the perpendicularity error structure of one end face of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a measuring device for verticality errors and error azimuth angles of cylindrical parts comprises an operating table (not shown), a stage 1, a calibration block 2, a sliding block 3, a displacement sensor 5 and a data acquisition device 4. The calibration block 2, the sliding block 3 and the objective table 1 are all in a cuboid shape.
The operating table comprises a granite table surface, the table surface has high-precision flatness, and the objective table 1 and the sliding block 3 are both arranged on the table surface.
In some preferred embodiments, the upper surface, the lower surface and the right side of the stage 1 have high-precision flatness, the right side and the front side of the calibration block 2 have high-precision flatness, and the left side of the slider 3 has high-precision flatness.
The right side surface of the objective table 1 is abutted against the left side surface of the sliding block 3, and the height of the sliding block 3 is higher than that of the objective table 1. The calibration block 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table 1, the right side surface of the calibration block 2 is abutted against the left side surface of the sliding block 3, and the cylindrical part 6 to be tested is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table 1 and is abutted against the front side surface of the calibration block 2 and the left side surface of the sliding block 3 respectively. The height of the sliding block 3 is higher than that of the objective table 1, so that the positioning of the calibration block 2 and the cylindrical part 6 is conveniently realized, and the right side surface of the calibration block 2 and a bus to be measured of the cylindrical part 6 are positioned in the same plane.
The upper surface of sliding block 3 is equipped with fixed bolster 7, displacement sensor 5 locates on the fixed bolster 7 and set up in opposite directions with calibration block 2, displacement sensor 5 with data acquisition device 4 is connected.
In some preferred embodiments, two displacement sensors 5 are provided, and the two displacement sensors 5 are disposed in parallel and opposite to each other. The displacement sensor 5 includes, but is not limited to, an inductance micro meter and an eddy current sensor, and in particular, different types of displacement sensors 5 can be selected according to the accuracy requirement of the cylindrical part 6 to be measured. The two displacement sensors 5 are identical in model number.
Example 2
The measuring method of the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part is applied to the measuring device of the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a cylindrical part 6 to be tested on the objective table 1 and enabling the cylindrical part 6 to be abutted against the calibration block 2 and the sliding block 3.
And S2, calibrating the displacement sensor 5 by using the calibration block 2.
S3, as shown in FIG. 2, the sliding block 3 is continuously pushed by the calibration block 2 towards the cylindrical part 6 along the right side surface of the object stage 1 at a constant speed, and a first bus 8 of the cylindrical part 6 is measured.
S4, returning the sliding block 3 to the initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part 6 clockwise by 90 degrees.
S5, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring the second bus 9 of the cylindrical part 6. The positions of the first busbar 8 and the second busbar 9 are schematically shown in fig. 3.
S6, returning the sliding block 3 to the initial position, turning over the cylindrical part 6, rotating the cylindrical part by 180 degrees clockwise, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus 9 of the cylindrical part 6.
S7, returning the sliding block 3 to the initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part 6 clockwise by 90 degrees.
S8, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring the first bus bar 8 of the cylindrical part 6.
And S9, after the measurement is finished, the data acquisition device 4 analyzes and processes the measurement data and outputs the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part 6.
The data analysis processing method of the present invention will be described below by taking two displacement sensors 5 as an example.
As shown in fig. 4, the two displacement sensors 5 are respectively suspended in four stages of pushing through the a-calibration block 2, the B-suspension, the C-cylindrical part 6 and the D-suspension. The data measured by the two displacement sensors 5 do not overlap, because the two displacement sensors 5 have inclination deviation and initial state extension length deviation when being installed, and deviation elimination can be performed by subtracting the initial value difference from the peak value difference of the upper and lower curves when the data are processed. The peak difference of the two displacement sensors 5 when measuring the positions of the first busbar 8 and the second busbar 9, respectively, is derived as follows:
Figure SMS_15
Figure SMS_16
Figure SMS_17
is a measured value peak of the first displacement sensor 51 when the first busbar 8 is measured;
Figure SMS_18
is the peak value of the measured value of the second displacement sensor 52 when the first bus bar 8 is measured;
Figure SMS_19
is a measured value peak of the first displacement sensor 51 when the second bus bar 9 is measured;
Figure SMS_20
is the peak value of the measured value of the second displacement sensor 52 at the time of measuring the second bus bar 9;
Figure SMS_21
is an initial value of the first displacement sensor 51 at the time of measuring the first busbar 8;
Figure SMS_22
is an initial value of the second displacement sensor 52 when measuring the first bus bar 8;
Figure SMS_23
is an initial value of the first displacement sensor 51 at the time of measuring the second bus bar 9;
Figure SMS_24
is the initial value of the second displacement sensor 52 when measuring the second busbar 9.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the perpendicularity error structure of one end face of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the projected length of the axis oa of the cylindrical part 6 in the xoy plane is derived as follows:
Figure SMS_25
wherein l oa Is the axial length of the cylindrical part 6; l (L) m Is the distance between the detector heads of the two displacement sensors 5.
From the geometrical relationships in the schematic, it can be deduced that:
the perpendicularity error of the bottom end surface 10 of the cylindrical part 6 and the axis oa thereof is that
Figure SMS_26
Wherein R is the radius of the bottom end surface 10, and the bottom end surface 10 is the end surface of the cylindrical part 6 contacted with the upper surface of the stage 1;
the azimuth angle of error measured by taking one end face of the cylindrical part 6 as the bottom end face 10
Figure SMS_27
Similarly, the first bus bar 8 and the second bus bar 9 of the turned cylindrical part 6 are measured, and the verticality error and the error azimuth angle with the turned end face of the cylindrical part 6 as the bottom end face 10 are calculated
Figure SMS_28
The error azimuth angle of the two end surfaces of the cylindrical part 6 is
Figure SMS_29
The measuring device and the measuring method for the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part 6 reduce the measuring cost, improve the measuring precision, realize the direct measurement of the perpendicularity error of the cylindrical part 6 and are simple and convenient to operate.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. The measuring method of the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part is characterized in that the adopted measuring device comprises an operating table, an objective table, a calibration block, a sliding block, a displacement sensor and a data acquisition device;
the calibration block, the sliding block and the objective table are all cuboid;
the operating table comprises a table top, the table top has high-precision flatness, and the objective table and the sliding block are both arranged on the table top;
the sliding block is arranged on the upper surface of the object table, and is arranged on the lower surface of the object table, and the sliding block is arranged on the upper surface of the object table;
the calibration block is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table and is abutted against the side surface of the sliding block, the cylindrical part to be tested is arranged on the upper surface of the objective table and is abutted against the side surfaces of the calibration block and the sliding block, and the side surfaces of the calibration block which are abutted against the sliding block and the cylindrical part to be tested have high-precision flatness;
the upper surface of the sliding block is provided with a fixed bracket, the displacement sensor is arranged on the fixed bracket and is opposite to the calibration block, and the displacement sensor is connected with the data acquisition device;
the two displacement sensors are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other up and down;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a cylindrical part to be tested on an objective table and enabling the cylindrical part to be abutted against the side surfaces of a calibration block and a sliding block;
s2, calibrating the displacement sensor by using a calibration block;
s3, continuously pushing the sliding block from the calibration block to the direction of the cylindrical part along the side surface of the object stage at a constant speed, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
s4, returning the sliding block to an initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part clockwise by 90 degrees;
s5, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s6, returning the sliding block to an initial position, turning over the cylindrical part, then rotating the cylindrical part clockwise for 180 degrees, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a second bus of the cylindrical part;
s7, returning the sliding block to an initial position, and rotating the cylindrical part clockwise by 90 degrees;
s8, repeating the steps S2 and S3, and measuring a first bus of the cylindrical part;
s9, after the measurement is completed, the data acquisition device analyzes and processes the measurement data and outputs the perpendicularity error and the error azimuth angle of the cylindrical part;
error in perpendicularity of bottom end surface of said cylindrical part with its axis
Figure FDA0004214839330000011
The bottom end surface is the end surface of the cylindrical part contacted with the upper surface of the objective table;
error azimuth angle measured by taking one end face of cylindrical part as bottom end face
Figure FDA0004214839330000021
Similarly, the error azimuth angle +.measured with the other end face of the cylindrical part as the bottom end face can be obtained>
Figure FDA0004214839330000022
Error azimuth angles of two end surfaces of the cylindrical part
Figure FDA0004214839330000023
Where delta is the projected length of the axis of the cylindrical part at the bottom end face,
Figure FDA0004214839330000024
wherein l m Is the distance between the heads of the two displacement sensors;
l oa is the axial length of the cylindrical part;
r is the radius of the bottom end surface;
Figure FDA0004214839330000025
Figure FDA0004214839330000026
Figure FDA0004214839330000027
a measured value peak value of the first displacement sensor when the first bus is measured;
Figure FDA0004214839330000028
is the peak value of the measured value of the second displacement sensor when the first bus is measured;
Figure FDA0004214839330000029
a measured value peak value of the first displacement sensor when the second bus is measured;
Figure FDA00042148393300000210
is the peak value of the measured value of the second displacement sensor when measuring the second bus;
Figure FDA00042148393300000211
an initial value of the first displacement sensor when the first bus is measured;
Figure FDA00042148393300000212
is an initial value of the second displacement sensor when measuring the first bus;
Figure FDA00042148393300000213
is the initial value of the first displacement sensor when measuring the second busbar;
Figure FDA00042148393300000214
is the initial of the second displacement sensor in measuring the second busbarValues.
2. The method for measuring perpendicularity errors and error azimuth angles of cylindrical parts according to claim 1, wherein the displacement sensors comprise but are not limited to an inductance micro meter and an eddy current sensor, and the two displacement sensors are identical in model.
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