CN115977124B - Automatic dismantlement formula is strutting arrangement under water based on hydrodynamic force - Google Patents
Automatic dismantlement formula is strutting arrangement under water based on hydrodynamic force Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115977124B CN115977124B CN202310050022.8A CN202310050022A CN115977124B CN 115977124 B CN115977124 B CN 115977124B CN 202310050022 A CN202310050022 A CN 202310050022A CN 115977124 B CN115977124 B CN 115977124B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wall body
- outer side
- steel plate
- supporting device
- shaped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Revetment (AREA)
- Barrages (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic detachable underwater supporting device based on hydrodynamic force, wherein an adhesive coating is coated on the outer wall surface of a wall body, a steel plate is arranged on the outer side of the adhesive coating, a supporting device is arranged on the outer side of the steel plate, the supporting device is fixed on an impermeable pavement on the outer side of the wall body and abuts against the steel plate when the outer side of the wall body is constructed, and the supporting device is automatically separated when the outer side of the wall body is finished and stores water. The invention can carry out construction work of the outer side of the wall body under the condition that the inner side of the wall body is in the presence of water, the water requirement of the inner side of the wall body during construction is maintained, the safety of normal operation of the inner side of the wall body and construction of the outer side of the wall body is considered, and the support device can be automatically dismantled after the construction of the outer side of the wall body is completed and water is stored, so that the construction result of the outer side of the wall body can be put into use earlier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation, environmental protection and hydraulic engineering, in particular to an automatic disassembly type underwater supporting device based on hydrodynamic force.
Background
The underwater wall body is a common structure in a water conservancy building, when the periphery of the wall body is constructed, in order to ensure normal operation of the original water conservancy project, the wall body is in a state that the inner side is free from water, and when the outer side of the wall body is constructed, the pressure of the two sides of the wall body is unbalanced, so that potential safety hazards exist.
For example, when the hydropower power is required to be increased, in order to reduce the engineering amount of landform exploration and construction, a newly built water diversion channel is excavated in parallel with an old water diversion channel, and one wall of the old channel is used as a shared wall of the old channel and the new channel, so that the construction method is efficient and quick. However, when a new channel is excavated, the common wall body has no water pressure towards one side of the new channel, and in order to avoid potential safety hazards caused by pressure unbalance on two sides of the common wall body, the old channel needs to be deactivated, so that power generation is interrupted, and economic benefits are affected. If the old channel is not used, when full water power generation is performed, the common wall body needs to be supported towards one side of the new channel, and the common supporting device has the defects of uneven supporting load of the wall body, large assembly and disassembly engineering quantity and the like, so that the manual dismantling of the supporting device influences the using progress of the new channel.
For another example, the original power station canal head junction consists of two holes of flood discharge sand flushing gates, one hole of water inlet gate and right bank gravel dam. In actual operation, when the two-hole flood discharge sand flushing gate is fully opened and the lower flood discharge flow cannot be met, the residual flood flow is released by a self-bursting mode of the right bank gravel dam. Because of the large amount of river sediment, the power station hub on the sediment-laden river has serious front siltation of the right bank gravel dam, is difficult to break the dam and discharge, and brings potential safety hazard to engineering operation. The last-stage power station canal head gate and opening and closing equipment in the step power station are arc-shaped gate matched with a winch type opening and closing machine, the lifting speed is high, the last-stage power station canal head gate and opening and closing equipment are flat-plate gate matched with a screw type opening and closing machine, and the lifting speed is low. When flood or abnormal water leakage occurs in the equipment accident of the previous-stage power station, the head of the current-stage power station cannot be adjusted in time due to serious insufficient water leakage capacity, the water level in front of the gate rises suddenly, and great potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, a new flood discharge sand washing gate is needed to be newly built beside an old flood discharge sand washing gate of the canal head junction of the power station of the stage, and the working condition that the inner side of the wall body faces water to operate and the outer side of the wall body is constructed can also occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an automatic detachable underwater supporting device based on hydrodynamic force, which can be used for constructing the outer side of a wall body under the condition that the inner side of the wall body is in the presence of water, so that the water requirement of the inner side of the wall body during construction is maintained, the normal operation of the inner side of the wall body and the safety of the construction of the outer side of the wall body are considered, and the supporting device can be automatically detached after the construction of the outer side of the wall body is completed and water is stored, so that the construction result of the outer side of the wall body can be put into use earlier.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an automatic dismantlement formula support device under water based on hydrodynamic force, includes the wall body, and the coating has the bonding coating on the wall body outside wall, and the outside of bonding coating sets up the steel sheet, and the outside of steel sheet sets up support device, and support device fixes the prevention of seepage of wall body outside and cover and butt when the construction of wall body outside the steel sheet, support device breaks away from automatically when the completion of wall body outside and retaining.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the top of the wall body and the steel plate are provided with n-shaped steel hoops, and the n-shaped steel hoops clamp the steel plate on the wall body.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the supporting device is of a right-angle triangle structure formed by enclosing three strip-shaped I-steels, two right-angle sides of the supporting device are respectively fixed on an impermeable pavement and a steel plate on the outer side of a wall body through a fixer, the fixer is a U-shaped buckle, the U-shaped buckle is provided with a pin hole and a pin, and the pin locks the two right-angle sides of the supporting device in the U-shaped buckle.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the top end of the pin is provided with a buoyancy ball or a pull ring, the buoyancy ball or the pull ring are connected with pull ropes, the inclined side of the supporting device is provided with at least 1 turning mechanism, the n-shaped steel hoop is provided with a traction mechanism, the pull ropes are connected to the traction mechanism after bypassing the turning mechanism, and the pull ropes are provided with at least 1 floater.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the included angle between the pulling rope between the buoyancy ball or the pull ring and the steering mechanism and the central axis of the pin after tensioning is less than or equal to 45 degrees;
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the steering mechanism comprises an L-shaped rod and a rotary drum sleeved on the L-shaped rod;
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the direction changing mechanism is a fixed pulley;
as a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the direction changing mechanism is a circular ring.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, anchor posts are uniformly distributed on one side of the steel plate facing the bonding coating, and the anchor posts are inserted into the bonding coating.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the bonding coating is a cement coating, and the thickness of the bonding coating is greater than or equal to the length of the anchor post.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the opening of the U-shaped buckle 62 faces the downstream direction of the water flow
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the number of the supporting devices corresponding to the wall body is as follows
Wherein n is the number of supporting devices, L Wall body Gamma is the length of the wall body Water and its preparation method Is the volume weight of water, G Wall body Is the dead weight of the wall body delta Wall body Is the thickness of the wall body, H Water and its preparation method Is the depth of water inside the wall body, F Support frame Is the maximum supporting force that a single supporting device can bear.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme to produce lie in: the invention can carry out construction work of the outer side of the wall body under the condition that the inner side of the wall body is in the presence of water, the water requirement of the inner side of the wall body during construction is maintained, the safety of normal operation of the inner side of the wall body and construction of the outer side of the wall body is considered, and the support device can be automatically dismantled after the construction of the outer side of the wall body is completed and water is stored, so that the construction result of the outer side of the wall body can be put into use earlier.
The bonding coating, the wall body and the steel plate have higher bonding degree, so that the point load of the supporting device is changed into uniform load; the fixer easy dismounting can greatly accelerate the construction progress, especially can demolish automatically with the help of rivers and buoyancy, has saved manpower and materials.
The traction mechanism and the stay cord can be used for manually dismantling the pins under the condition that the buoyancy is insufficient to dismantle the pins, so that the support device can be completely dismantled, and the blocking of water flow is avoided.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the support device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the wall body 2, the adhesive coating 3, the steel plate 4, the supporting device 5, the n-shaped steel hoop 6, the fixer 7, the wall body inner side 8, the wall body outer side 9, the traction mechanism 10, the impermeable cover 61, the right angle side 62, the U-shaped buckle 63, the pin 64, the buoyancy ball 65, the pull ring 66, the pull rope 67, the steering mechanism 68, the bevel edge 69 and the floater.
Detailed Description
The structure of one specific embodiment of the invention comprises a wall body 1, wherein an adhesive coating 2 is coated on the wall surface of the outer side 8 of the wall body, a steel plate 3 is arranged on the outer side of the adhesive coating 2, a supporting device 4 is arranged on the outer side of the steel plate 3, the supporting device 4 is fixed on an impermeable cover of the outer side 8 of the wall body and is abutted against the steel plate 3 when the outer side 8 of the wall body is constructed, and the supporting device 4 is automatically separated when the outer side 8 of the wall body is finished and stores water.
The tops of the wall body 2 and the steel plate 3 are provided with n-shaped steel hoops 5, and the n-shaped steel hoops 5 clamp the steel plate 3 on the wall body 1.
The supporting device 4 is of a right triangle structure formed by encircling three strip-shaped I-shaped steels, two right-angle edges 61 of the supporting device 4 are respectively fixed on the impermeable pavement and the steel plate 3 on the outer side 8 of the wall body through the fixing device 6, the fixing device 6 is a U-shaped buckle 62, the U-shaped buckle 62 is provided with a pin hole and a pin 63, and the pin 63 locks the two right-angle edges 61 of the supporting device 4 in the U-shaped buckle 62.
The top of pin 63 is furnished with buoyancy ball 64 or pull ring 65, and buoyancy ball 64 or pull ring 65 all are connected with stay cord 66, set up 1 at least steering mechanism 67 on the hypotenuse 68 of strutting arrangement 4, set up traction mechanism 9 on the n-shaped steel hoop 5, connect on traction mechanism 9 after stay cord 66 walks around steering mechanism 67, set up 1 at least float 69 on the stay cord 66. The float 69 can serve both to assist in pulling the pin 63 and to mark whether the pin 63 is effectively pulled out.
The included angle between the buoyancy ball 64 or the pull ring 65 and the central axis of the pin 63 after being tensioned is smaller than or equal to 45 degrees; by the design of the direction changing mechanism 67, the too large included angle between the pull rope 66 and the pin 63 is avoided, and the pin 63 can be pulled out more smoothly.
The direction changing mechanism 67 includes an L-shaped lever and a drum fitted over the L-shaped lever.
Anchor posts are uniformly distributed on one side, facing the bonding coating 2, of the steel plate 3, and the anchor posts are inserted into the bonding coating 2.
The bonding coating 2 is a cement coating, and the thickness of the bonding coating 2 is greater than or equal to the length of the anchor post.
When the water levels at the two sides of the wall body 1 are self-balanced, after the pins 63 are separated from the U-shaped buckles 62 due to buoyancy, the supporting device 4 is separated from the U-shaped buckles 62 under the action of the pushing force of water flow, and the dismantling work is completed.
The number of the supporting devices corresponding to the wall body is that
Wherein n is the number of the supporting devices 4, L Wall body For the length of the wall 1, gamma Water and its preparation method Is the volume weight of water, G Wall body Delta is the dead weight of the wall body 1 Wall body For the thickness of the wall body 1, H Water and its preparation method Is the water depth inside the wall body 1, F Support frame Which is the maximum supporting force that a single supporting device 4 can withstand.
In other embodiments, the U-shaped buckle 62 is matched with a bolt to fix the supporting device 4, the tail end of the bolt is provided with an impeller, and the impeller can rotate under the impact of water flow to drive the bolt to be removed.
When the wall outside 8 construction method is used, the construction work of the wall outside 8 can be carried out under the condition that the wall inside 7 is in the presence of water, the water requirement of the wall inside 7 during construction is maintained, the safety of normal operation of the wall inside 7 and construction of the wall outside 8 is considered, and the support device 4 can be automatically removed after the construction of the wall outside 8 is completed and water is stored, so that the construction result of the wall outside 8 can be put into use earlier.
After the water is stored in the outer side 8 of the wall body, the water pressure of the inner side 7 of the wall body and the water pressure of the outer side 8 of the wall body are balanced, the supporting device 4 is not stressed by the wall body 1, friction force is not generated between the pin 63 and the U-shaped buckle 62, and the pin can be taken out smoothly.
The bonding coating 2 has higher bonding degree with the wall body 1 and the steel plate 3, so that the point load of the supporting device 4 is changed into uniform load; the fixer 6 easy dismounting can greatly accelerate the construction progress, especially can demolish with the help of rivers and buoyancy, has saved manpower and materials.
The traction mechanism 67 and the pull rope 66 can manually remove the pin 63 under the condition that the buoyancy is insufficient to remove the pin 63, so that the supporting device 4 can be completely removed, and the blocking of the supporting device 4 to water flow is avoided.
The above description is presented only as a practical solution of the invention and is not intended as a single limitation on the solution itself.
Claims (4)
1. Automatic dismantlement formula strutting arrangement under water based on hydrodynamic force, including the wall body, its characterized in that: the wall outside is coated with an adhesive coating, a steel plate is arranged on the outer side of the adhesive coating, a supporting device is arranged on the outer side of the steel plate, the supporting device is fixed on the anti-seepage paving of the outer side of the wall body and abuts against the steel plate when the outer side of the wall body is constructed, and the supporting device is automatically separated when the outer side of the wall body is finished and stores water;
the top of the wall body and the steel plate are provided with n-shaped steel hoops, and the n-shaped steel hoops clamp the steel plate on the wall body; the support device is of a right triangle structure formed by encircling three strip-shaped I-shaped steels, two right-angle sides of the support device are respectively fixed on an impermeable cover and a steel plate on the outer side of a wall body through a fixer, the fixer is a U-shaped buckle, the U-shaped buckle is provided with a pin hole and a pin, and the pin locks the two right-angle sides of the support device in the U-shaped buckle;
the top of pin sets up buoyancy ball or pull ring, and buoyancy ball or pull ring all are connected with the stay cord, set up 1 at least diversion mechanism on the hypotenuse of strutting arrangement, set up traction mechanism on the n-shaped steel hoop, connect on traction mechanism after the diversion mechanism is walked around to the stay cord, set up 1 at least floats on the stay cord.
2. The hydrodynamic force-based automatic disassembly type underwater supporting device according to claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the pulling rope between the buoyancy ball or the pull ring and the direction changing mechanism and the central axis of the pin after being tensioned is smaller than or equal to 45 degrees;
the direction changing mechanism comprises an L-shaped rod and a rotary drum sleeved on the L-shaped rod;
or the direction changing mechanism is a fixed pulley;
alternatively, the direction changing mechanism is a circular ring.
3. The hydrodynamic force-based automatic disassembly type underwater supporting device according to claim 1, wherein: anchor posts are uniformly distributed on one side of the steel plate, facing the bonding coating, and are inserted into the bonding coating.
4. A hydrodynamic force based automatic disassembly underwater support device as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the adhesive coating is a cement coating, and the thickness of the adhesive coating is greater than or equal to the length of the anchor post.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310050022.8A CN115977124B (en) | 2023-02-01 | 2023-02-01 | Automatic dismantlement formula is strutting arrangement under water based on hydrodynamic force |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310050022.8A CN115977124B (en) | 2023-02-01 | 2023-02-01 | Automatic dismantlement formula is strutting arrangement under water based on hydrodynamic force |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115977124A CN115977124A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
| CN115977124B true CN115977124B (en) | 2023-09-01 |
Family
ID=85970159
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310050022.8A Active CN115977124B (en) | 2023-02-01 | 2023-02-01 | Automatic dismantlement formula is strutting arrangement under water based on hydrodynamic force |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115977124B (en) |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000144677A (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-26 | Taisei Corp | Temporary cofferdam construction method |
| KR101431623B1 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-08-21 | 주식회사 엔티에스건설 | Mehod for constructing underground wall in extension of undergound parking lot |
| CN105332382A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-17 | 成都华川公路建设集团有限公司 | River-adjacent-foundation-pit island-building cofferdam clay sealing construction method |
| CN207314265U (en) * | 2017-08-27 | 2018-05-04 | 孟宪坤 | A kind of river waterwall easy to remove |
| CN111424627A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-17 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Ship lock extension supporting structure and ship lock extension method |
| CN112031070A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 | Movable water inlet with head positioned by upright post and float bowl |
| CN112376593A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-19 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Gravity type cofferdam and construction method |
| KR20210034370A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-30 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Berthing apparatus of quay wall |
| CN216948183U (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-07-12 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Construction supporting system for rebuilding and expanding lock chamber section of ship lock |
| CN217104898U (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-08-02 | 安能三局(成都)工程质量检测有限公司 | Flood control wall for water conservancy |
| CN217710571U (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-11-01 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Mountain-climbing channel crossing gully structure |
| CN218204282U (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-01-03 | 湖南省水运建设投资集团有限公司 | Construction supporting system for rebuilding navigation wall section of ship lock |
-
2023
- 2023-02-01 CN CN202310050022.8A patent/CN115977124B/en active Active
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000144677A (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-26 | Taisei Corp | Temporary cofferdam construction method |
| KR101431623B1 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-08-21 | 주식회사 엔티에스건설 | Mehod for constructing underground wall in extension of undergound parking lot |
| CN105332382A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-17 | 成都华川公路建设集团有限公司 | River-adjacent-foundation-pit island-building cofferdam clay sealing construction method |
| CN207314265U (en) * | 2017-08-27 | 2018-05-04 | 孟宪坤 | A kind of river waterwall easy to remove |
| KR20210034370A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-30 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Berthing apparatus of quay wall |
| CN111424627A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-07-17 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Ship lock extension supporting structure and ship lock extension method |
| CN112031070A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-12-04 | 浙江省水利水电勘测设计院 | Movable water inlet with head positioned by upright post and float bowl |
| CN112376593A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-02-19 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Gravity type cofferdam and construction method |
| CN216948183U (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-07-12 | 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院有限公司 | Construction supporting system for rebuilding and expanding lock chamber section of ship lock |
| CN217104898U (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-08-02 | 安能三局(成都)工程质量检测有限公司 | Flood control wall for water conservancy |
| CN217710571U (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-11-01 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Mountain-climbing channel crossing gully structure |
| CN218204282U (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-01-03 | 湖南省水运建设投资集团有限公司 | Construction supporting system for rebuilding navigation wall section of ship lock |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115977124A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN204238170U (en) | A kind of open channel scouring on bedrock model test apparatus | |
| CN113882322B (en) | Intelligent water stopping method for repairing underwater concrete damaged dry chamber | |
| CN106968225A (en) | Novel hierarchical over-and-under type manger plate dam | |
| CN104372803A (en) | Combined type movable cofferdam for embankment danger elimination and reinforcement | |
| CN214005576U (en) | Hydraulic engineering dykes and dams prevention of seepage ecological protection structure | |
| CN103526765A (en) | Self-floating steel cofferdam for underwater concrete plane construction | |
| CN104234064B (en) | The construction method of a kind of bridge pier cofferdam ruggedized construction | |
| CN210177470U (en) | Plugging structure for diversion tunnel | |
| CN108755702B (en) | Soft soil foundation pit reinforcing treatment method with higher underground water level | |
| CN115977124B (en) | Automatic dismantlement formula is strutting arrangement under water based on hydrodynamic force | |
| CN212772241U (en) | Hydraulic dam bottom water stop device | |
| CN110685291B (en) | Supporting device for concrete cofferdam in deepwater area and construction process of supporting device | |
| CN115573308A (en) | Filling type dam breach rapid truss blocking device and emergency rescue method | |
| CN210636421U (en) | Underwater hollowing defect repairing device for navigation wall pile foundation of ship lock on gravel layer foundation | |
| CN211872914U (en) | Hydropower station pivot stone blocking, water permeating and sand guiding device on multi-sand river flow | |
| CN212052627U (en) | Gravity dam structure | |
| CN210216332U (en) | Retaining dam structure for overhauling whole tunnel section of hydroelectric engineering diversion tunnel in canyon region | |
| CN208633067U (en) | A kind of large size river sill may bulkhead gate | |
| CN210341824U (en) | Reinforced structure of energy dissipation anti-impact facility under gate | |
| CN207032178U (en) | A kind of lower shaft drives flap gate | |
| CN1271285C (en) | Movable dam capable of moving and submerged floating | |
| CN203594040U (en) | Self-floating-type steel cofferdam for underwater concrete plane construction | |
| CN217500275U (en) | Combined water stop system suitable for underwater dry environment operation equipment | |
| CN212000944U (en) | Submerged bottom type maintenance gate | |
| CN221398888U (en) | Dam spillway reinforced structure |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |