CN115976376A - Aluminum profile for relieving heat radiator and extrusion method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum profile for relieving heat radiator and extrusion method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
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- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
An aluminum profile for a shovel tooth radiator and an extrusion method thereof are disclosed, wherein the aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of B, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of RE, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements. The extrusion method sequentially comprises the steps of material proportioning, aluminum alloy liquid melting, furnace blowing refining, online grain refining treatment, online degassing and filtering, semi-continuous casting, aluminum bar heating, extrusion and stretching straightening. The invention eliminates the coarse crystal layer on the surface layer of the aluminum profile, improves the distribution uniformity of the tissue hardness on the cross section of the aluminum profile, has the Brinell hardness of 39.5-40.5 and the hardness fluctuation range of less than or equal to 1, is used for processing the relieving heat radiator, has flat tooth sheets, uniform tooth space and consistent tooth height, and has excellent heat conduction and heat dissipation effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum profile extrusion, and particularly relates to an aluminum profile for a relieved tooth radiator and an extrusion method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy radiator has the advantages of light weight, attractive appearance, corrosion resistance, good heat conductivity and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of electric power, electronic and electric appliances, computers, communication, automobiles, mechanical equipment and the like. With the development of new infrastructure and new energy industries such as 5G communication, new energy automobiles, photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation and the like, the equipment power is increasingly high, the power transmission and transformation devices are increasingly small, the circuit integration level is increasingly high, and the heat dissipation capacity of the radiator is also increasingly required.
The traditional aluminum alloy radiator mainly adopts direct extrusion molding of aluminum alloy, and is also called as an extruded radiator or an aluminum profile radiator. The requirement of extruding the radiator on the die is high, the tooth sheets of the radiator cannot be too thin and too dense, the tooth times cannot be too large, the radiator cannot be produced easily, and the service life of the die is short even if the radiator can be produced. Therefore, the density and the tooth times of the extruded radiator are greatly limited, and the heat radiation capacity is difficult to improve.
The relieving radiator is obtained by extruding aluminum alloy into aluminum profile with specific shape, relieving the aluminum profile into tooth sheets by a relieving machine, and finally obtaining the radiator. Compared with an extrusion radiator, the shovel tooth radiator can produce an aluminum alloy radiator with ultra-high tooth times and high tooth piece density, the tooth times can reach more than 20, the tooth space can be as small as 1 mm, the thickness of the tooth piece can be as thin as 0.5 mm, and the heat dissipation capacity of the shovel tooth radiator with the same contact area can be improved by more than 50%.
The shovel tooth radiator has high requirements on the aluminum profile, the aluminum profile is required to have excellent heat-conducting performance, the internal structure and hardness are uniformly distributed, and if the shovel tooth radiator does not have the internal structure and hardness, the problems of tooth sheet bending deformation, uneven tooth space, uneven tooth height and the like can be caused. But the aluminum profile extruded and produced by the prior art still has the problems of low heat-conducting property, uneven internal structure and hardness distribution, and low percent of pass of the aluminum profile. Therefore, the existing aluminum profile for a tooth-forming heat sink and the extrusion method thereof still need to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above problems and disadvantages, and an object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum profile for a relieved tooth heat sink and an extrusion method thereof, wherein the aluminum profile improves heat conductivity of the aluminum profile by deeply purifying an aluminum alloy liquid, improves uniformity of distribution of texture and hardness on a cross section of the aluminum profile by eliminating a coarse crystal layer on a surface layer of the aluminum profile, and improves yield of the aluminum profile, and the aluminum profile is used for a relieved tooth heat sink, and has flat fins, uniform tooth pitch, uniform tooth height, and excellent heat conduction and dissipation effects.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides an aluminum profile for a shovel tooth radiator, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of B, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of RE, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
The main function of Si and Fe is to increase the hardness of the aluminum profile. The backing-tooth radiator requires that the hardness of the aluminum profile is neither too low nor too high. The hardness of pure aluminum is very low, and the requirement of the shovel tooth radiator cannot be met. The pure aluminum contains a proper amount of Si and Fe, and the Si and Fe can enhance the hardness of the aluminum profile through solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening. The content of Si and Fe is too low, the hardness of the aluminum profile is insufficient, the content of Si and Fe is too high, the hardness of the aluminum profile is too high, and the hardness requirement of the shovel tooth radiator on the aluminum profile cannot be met. In addition, too high contents of Si and Fe also reduce the heat conductivity of the aluminum profile, and finally reduce the heat dissipation capability of the heat sink.
The main functions of Ti and B are to refine the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy cast rod and improve the structural component uniformity of the aluminum rod. In the semi-continuous casting process, coarse dendritic crystal grains are formed inside the aluminum bar and the composition is segregated due to unbalanced solidification of the aluminum alloy liquid, and finally the composition and hardness distribution of the aluminum profile are not uniform. Therefore, before the semi-continuous casting, an appropriate amount of Al-Ti-B or Al-Ti-C alloy grain refiner is added to the aluminum alloy liquid to refine the grains of the aluminum bar and improve the structural component uniformity of the aluminum bar. The contents of Ti and B are too low and the grain-refining effect is not significant. The content of Ti and B is not too high, which may increase the production cost. Therefore, the mass percent of Ti is 0.01-0.02%, and the mass percent of B is 0.002-0.004%.
Further, the aluminum profile also contains 0.05-0.1% of mixed rare earth RE, wherein the mixed rare earth RE is mixed rare earth mainly comprising La and Ce, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: la 49.81%, ce 46.73%, nd 1.06%, yb 0.81%, pr 0.63%, sm 0.39%, gd 0.31% and Er 0.26%.
The main function of the mixed rare earth RE is to deeply purify the aluminum alloy liquid. The rare earth element can form a stable rare earth compound with impurity metal and non-metal elements in the aluminum alloy liquid, and is segregated in the crystal boundary of aluminum crystal grains in the solidification process of the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the damage of the impurity metal and the non-metal elements to the heat conduction capability of the aluminum profile is eliminated, and the heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile is improved. The addition amount of the mixed rare earth RE is less than 0.05 percent, and the effect of deeply purifying the aluminum alloy liquid is not obvious. The addition amount of the mixed rare earth RE cannot be too high, otherwise, the heat conductivity of the aluminum profile can be reduced. In addition, in the prior art, pure rare earth is mainly added to improve the heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy, but the pure rare earth is expensive, so that the production cost of the aluminum profile is increased. The inventor finds that the effect of deeply purifying the aluminum alloy liquid is better than the effect of adding pure La and Ce rare earth by adding the La and Ce rare earth which are mainly used, the price of the rare earth is lower, and the production cost of the aluminum profile is favorably reduced.
Furthermore, the aluminum profile also contains two or three elements of Mn, cr and Zr, wherein the mass percent of Mn is 0.05-0.15%, the mass percent of Cr is 0.05-0.15%, and the mass percent of Zr is 0.05-0.1%.
The main functions of Mn, cr and Zr are to raise the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy and inhibit the growth of recrystallized grains. Through a large number of experimental researches, the inventor finds that the aluminum alloy is recrystallized to grow grains in the extrusion process, and a coarse crystal layer is formed around the aluminum profile, so that the main reason for uneven distribution of the structure and the hardness on the cross section of the aluminum profile is caused. Adding proper amount of Mn, cr and Zr into the aluminum alloy to form MnAl 6 、(FeMn)Al 6 、CrAl 7 、(CrFe)Al 7 、(CrMn)Al 12 、Al 3 Zr and the like, which can obstruct the movement of dislocation in the aluminum matrix and the migration of crystal boundary, improve the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy and inhibit the growth of recrystallized grains, thereby preventing the uneven tissue hardness caused by the generation of coarse crystal layers around the aluminum profile during high-temperature and high-speed extrusion. Experimental studies have also shown that the addition of Zr is better than Mn, cr, but Zr is more expensive than Mn, cr. In addition, the effect of the composite addition of two or three elements is better than the effect of the single addition of one element. When two or three elements are added in a composite way, the sum of the mass percentages of Mn, cr and Zr is not less than 0.15 percent and not more than 0.25 percent, namely, the mass percentage of Mn + Cr + Zr is more than or equal to 0.15 percent and less than or equal to 0.25 percent. The composite addition amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the effect is not obvious. The composite addition amount exceeds 0.25%, coarse intermetallic compounds are easily generated, and the mechanical property and the heat-conducting property of the aluminum profile are also deteriorated.
The invention provides an extrusion method of the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator, which sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) Selecting an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source, a manganese source, a chromium source, a zirconium source and mixed rare earth RE as raw materials according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile to carry out batching;
(2) Adding the raw materials into an aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting into aluminum alloy liquid;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining, degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and an aluminum alloy refining agent, slagging off and then standing for a period of time;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding a grain refiner to carry out online grain refining treatment;
(5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine and a foamed ceramic filter plate which are arranged on a launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar;
(7) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile;
(8) And stretching and straightening the aluminum profile to obtain the aluminum profile.
Preferably, in the step (1), the aluminum source is an aluminum ingot, the silicon source is an aluminum-silicon alloy, the iron source is an aluminum-iron alloy, the manganese source is an aluminum-manganese alloy, the chromium source is an aluminum-chromium alloy, the zirconium source is an aluminum-zirconium alloy, the mixed rare earth RE is a mixed rare earth mainly containing La and Ce, and the mixed rare earth RE is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: la 49.81%, ce 46.73%, nd 1.06%, yb 0.81%, pr 0.63%, sm 0.39%, gd 0.31% and Er 0.26%.
The raw materials can be process waste materials generated in the production process of pure metals, alloys and aluminum profiles or recycled waste metals and the like, and only the components of the aluminum profiles can be ensured to meet the requirements, and the impurity elements do not exceed the standard. The higher the purity of the raw material, the more beneficial it is to improve the thermal conductivity of the aluminum profile, but it should also be understood that the higher the purity of the raw material, the higher the production cost of the aluminum profile will be.
Preferably, in the step (2), the aluminum melting furnace is a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnetic stirring function, and the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃.
The even composition is the basis for ensuring the even hardness of the aluminum profile. In order to improve the uniformity of the composition, it is necessary to enhance the stirring of the aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace. Preferably, a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function is selected, after the aluminum alloy liquid is melted, a permanent magnet stirring device is started, the aluminum alloy liquid is stirred for 15-25 minutes in a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute, the components of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace are uniformly stirred, and segregation of the components is prevented. The melting temperature of the raw materials is low, the melting speed is low, and the production efficiency is low. The melting temperature is high, and although the melting speed is high, the burning loss of the raw material is increased. Preferably, the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃. In addition, after melting and stirring, the components of the aluminum alloy liquid also need to be detected on site, and if the components are unqualified, the aluminum alloy liquid also needs to be supplemented until the components of the aluminum alloy liquid are qualified. Moreover, the permanent magnetic stirring device is only available in the prior art, and the specific structure thereof is not described in detail herein, which is easy to understand for those skilled in the art.
Preferably, in the step (3), the inert gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent, the dosage of the aluminum alloy refining agent accounts for 0.2 to 0.3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials, the blowing refining time is 15 to 25 minutes, and the standing time after slag skimming is 30 to 60 minutes.
Preferably, in the step (3), the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30-45%，NaCl 25-40%，KBF 4 5-10%，K 2 NiF 6 5-10%，SbCO 3 6-8%，LiCl 3-5%，BeCl 2 2-4%。
Preferably, in the step (3), the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, remelting the refining agent for 1 to 2 hours at 900 to 1100 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10 to 20Pa, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 millimeters.
The air holes and the impurities can cut the aluminum matrix, destroy the continuity of the structure of the aluminum profile and seriously reduce the heat-conducting property of the aluminum profile. The existing refining agents are all finished refining agents obtained by directly mixing after drying and dehydration, and although the method is simple and low in cost, the interaction among the components of the refining agents is not fully exerted, which is also an important reason for low efficiency of degassing and impurity removal of the existing refining agents. In addition, the existing refining agent also commonly contains a large amount of villiaumite, nitrate, sulfate, hexachloroethane and the like, and a large amount of irritant and unpleasant smoke gas such as hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and the like is produced in the refining process, so that the environmental pollution and the harm to the human health are caused.
In order to improve the degassing and impurity removal efficiency of aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace and improve the heat conductivity of an aluminum profile, the inventor develops a more efficient and environment-friendly remelting type aluminum alloy refining agent through a large amount of experimental research, the components of the refining agent can be fused and crystallized with each other through high-temperature remelting, the melting point of the refining agent is obviously reduced, and the refining agent is easier to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid. Meanwhile, the components of the refining agent can generate better physical and chemical promotion effect in the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the method has higher degassing and impurity removing efficiency. Such as MgCl 2 Has a melting point of 712 deg.C and a melting point of NaCl of 800 deg.C, and when the refining agent is remelted at a high temperature, mgCl 2 And NaCl to form MgCl 2 And the melting point of the NaCl eutectic is lower than 500 ℃, so that the refining agent has lower melting temperature and is easier to melt in aluminum alloy liquid, and better degassing and impurity removing effects are achieved.
Wherein, mgCl 2 And NaCl is the main component of the refining agent, mgCl 2 NaCl and aluminum alloy liquid react to generate AlCl with the boiling point of 182.7 DEG C 3 ，AlCl 3 The bubbles can adsorb partial hydrogen and impurities in the aluminum alloy liquid floating process, so that the effects of degassing, removing impurities and purifying are achieved. Part of MgCl 2 And NaCl is directly decomposed under the thermal action of high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid to release Cl + Ions, cl + Ions react with hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid to generate HCl gas, HCl bubbles further adsorb and take away impurities in the process of overflowing the aluminum alloy liquid, and the efficient degassing, impurity removal and purification effects are achieved.
K 2 NiF 6 And KBF 4 Can react with aluminum alloy liquid to generate KAlF 4 、K 3 AlF 6 And NiB 2 Reaction to give KAlF 4 And K 3 AlF 6 Is in molten salt state, has large surface tension, is not infiltrated with aluminum alloy liquid, and is suitable for Al 2 O 3 The oxide inclusions have good dissolving and wetting effects and can promote Al 2 O 3 Separation of equal oxide inclusion from aluminium alloy liquid and improvement of impurity removalThe effect of the composition is improved. By-product NiB obtained by reaction 2 Can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation core when the aluminum alloy liquid is solidified, plays a role in refining crystal grains, and is beneficial to obtaining an aluminum alloy cast rod with finer and more uniform crystal grains.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in aluminum alloys, usually Al 3 Fe、FeSiAl 3 、Fe 2 SiAl 8 、Fe 2 Si 2 Al 9 、Fe 3 Si 2 Al 12 And the existence of coarse needle-shaped or sheet-shaped Fe-rich phase can not only damage the strength and plasticity of the aluminum profile, but also reduce the conductivity of the aluminum profile. In order to improve the degassing and impurity-removing efficiency of the refining agent and eliminate the harm of coarse Fe-rich phases, the inventor finds that a small amount of SbCO is added into the refining agent through a large amount of experimental research 3 LiCl and BeCl 2 ，SbCO 3 CO can be decomposed in high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid 2 LiCl and BeCl 2 Can react in aluminum alloy liquid to generate AlCl with the boiling point of only 183 DEG C 3 ，CO 2 And AlCl 3 The bubbles can absorb and take away hydrogen and Al in the floating process 2 O 3 And the impurities are removed by degassing. Sb, li and Be elements obtained by reaction enter the aluminum alloy liquid, and the coarse Fe-rich phase is refined and modified in the aluminum alloy solidification process, so that the coarse needle-shaped or sheet-shaped Fe-rich phase is converted into fine particles which are dispersed and distributed on an aluminum matrix and a crystal boundary, the harm of the coarse Fe-rich phase can Be eliminated, and the strength and the heat conductivity of the aluminum profile can Be improved.
Preferably, in the step (4), the grain refiner is Al5Ti1B alloy rod, and the addition amount of the Al5Ti1B alloy rod is 0.2 to 0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials.
In order to improve the uniformity of the structural components of the cast aluminum bar and improve the extrusion processability of the aluminum bar, the aluminum alloy liquid needs to be subjected to grain refinement treatment. The grain refiner can be aluminum-titanium-boron alloy, aluminum-titanium-carbon alloy and the like. Preferably, the grain refiner is Al5Ti1B alloy rod, the addition amount of the Al5Ti1B alloy rod is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the grain refiner is added into the aluminum alloy liquid on a launder before semi-continuous casting, so that the best grain refining effect can be achieved, and the structural component uniformity and the extrusion processing performance of the aluminum bar are obviously improved.
Preferably, in the step (5), the rotation speed of the graphite rotor in the degassing machine is 500-600 r/min, the gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9%, the flow of the argon is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the argon is 0.35-0.45MPa, and the filtering is performed by adopting a double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with front 50 meshes and rear 80 meshes.
The air holes and impurities can crack the aluminum matrix, so that the tooth piece deforms unevenly and the heat-conducting property of the aluminum profile is reduced when the aluminum profile is relieved. In order to further improve the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid, the aluminum alloy liquid before casting needs to be subjected to online degassing and filtering treatment, namely, the aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing machine and a foamed ceramic filter plate which are arranged on a launder, and high-cleanness aluminum alloy liquid is obtained through online degassing and filtering treatment, so that the deformation uniformity during the process of forming the relieved teeth of the aluminum profile and the heat conductivity of the aluminum profile are improved.
Preferably, in the step (6), the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680-720 ℃, the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 50-200 mm/min, and the temperature of the cooling water of the semi-continuous casting machine is 20-50 ℃.
In order to obtain high quality semi-continuous casting aluminum bars and prevent casting accidents, strict adherence to operating rules of semi-continuous casting and strict control of process parameters of semi-continuous casting are required. The diameter of the aluminum bar is small, the casting speed can be higher, and the larger the diameter of the aluminum bar is, the slower the casting speed is. The temperature of the casting machine cooling water cannot exceed 50 ℃. Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680-720 ℃, the casting speed is 50-200 mm/min, and the temperature of the cooling water is 20-50 ℃ during semi-continuous casting.
Preferably, in the step (7), the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy rod is 420-450 ℃, the machine temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 25-35 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 15-35.
In the extrusion production of the aluminum profile for the traditional forming relieved tooth radiator, when the extrusion temperature is too high or the extrusion speed is too high, the abnormal growth of recrystallized grains of the extruded aluminum alloy is induced, so that coarse crystal layers are formed around the aluminum profile, and finally, the tissues and hardness on the cross section of the aluminum profile are not uniform. The inventor finds that the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved and the growth of recrystallized grains can be effectively inhibited due to the addition of Mn, cr and Zr transition group elements in the aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum alloy can be produced by high-temperature and high-speed extrusion, and the aluminum alloy can not generate a coarse crystal layer. But the extrusion temperature and the extrusion speed cannot be too high, and the growth of recrystallized grains of the extruded aluminum alloy can still be induced to generate, so that a coarse crystal layer is generated on the aluminum profile, and the uneven structure and hardness are caused. Preferably, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 420-450 ℃, the machine temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 25-35 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 15-35. The aluminum profile obtained by extrusion can be cooled naturally, air-cooled, water-sprayed or water-mist combined, and the like, but the uniform cooling of the aluminum profile is ensured no matter what cooling mode is adopted, so that the phenomenon that the forming of the forming relieved tooth is uneven due to the internal stress generated by the aluminum profile is avoided. Preferably, natural cooling is adopted, so that the aluminum profile can be uniformly cooled.
Preferably, in the step (8), the amount of deformation in the stretching straightening is 2 to 4%.
The extruded aluminum profile needs to be stretched and straightened, the deformation of stretching and straightening is not too small or too large, and the aluminum profile cannot obtain the required size and straightness. Preferably, the amount of deformation for stretch straightening is 2-4%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, by adding trace mixed rare earth mainly containing La and Ce and carrying out degassing and impurity removal treatment outside the furnace, the heat conduction performance of the aluminum profile is improved, and the heat conduction and heat dissipation capacity of the shovel tooth heat radiator is favorably improved;
(2) According to the invention, by compositely adding trace Mn, cr and Zr elements and optimizing the extrusion process, the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy is improved, the growth of recrystallized grains is inhibited, a coarse crystal layer is prevented from being generated on the surface layer of the aluminum profile, and the aluminum profile with uniform tissue hardness is obtained;
(3) The invention adopts the heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with the permanent magnet stirring function to melt the aluminum alloy liquid and carry out grain refinement treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid, thereby improving the component uniformity of the aluminum profile;
(4) The aluminum profile has uniform internal tissue components and hardness distribution and high product qualification rate, is used for the shovel radiator, has flat and straight tooth sheets, uniform tooth space, consistent tooth height and smooth tooth surface, and has excellent radiating effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the structure of the cross section of the aluminum profile and the position of a hardness test point in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a structure photograph and hardness test point position of the cross section of the aluminum profile in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a structure photograph of the cross section of the aluminum profile and the position of a hardness test point in example 3.
Detailed Description
The aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.16% of Si, 0.14% of Fe, 0.015% of Ti, 0.003% of B, 0.08% of RE, 0.08% of Mn, 0.09% of Cr, 0.06% of Zr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of a single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the RE comprises the following components in percentage by mass: la 49.81%, ce 46.73%, nd 1.06%, yb 0.81%, pr 0.63%, sm 0.39%, gd 0.31% and Er 0.26%. The extrusion method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-iron alloy, a mixed rare earth RE, an aluminum-manganese alloy, an aluminum-chromium alloy and an aluminum-zirconium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile to carry out batching; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function, heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 750 ℃, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 20 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute; (3) Blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 20 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent accounting for 0.25 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to remove gas and impurities, and standing for 30 minutes after slagging off, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 39.4%，NaCl 30.5%，KBF 4 7.9%，K 2 NiF 6 7.2%，SbCO 3 7.5%，LiCl 4.1%，BeCl 2 3.4 percent. The refining agent is prepared by a remelting method: heating the refining agent at 90 ℃ for 3.5 hours, drying and dehydrating, remelting the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 15 Pa at 1000 ℃ for 1.5 hours, cooling and solidifying to room temperature, crushing and screening to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 millimeters; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner which accounts for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment; (5) Aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing machine which is arranged on a launder and is provided with a graphite rotor with the rotating speed of 350 revolutions per minute, the argon flow rate of 4 cubic meters per hour and the argon pressure of 0.2MPa and a front 30-mesh and rear 50-mesh double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate for online degassing and filtering treatment; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 710 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 150 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water of a semi-continuous casting machine is 35 ℃; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 380 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the machine temperature of an extrusion die is 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 16 mm/s and the extrusion ratio is 25; (8) And stretching and straightening the aluminum profile with the deformation of 3% to obtain the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator.
Example 2:
the aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1% of Si, 0.2% of Fe, 0.01% of Ti, 0.002% of B, 0.05% of RE, 0.13% of Mn, 0.11% of Cr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of a single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%, and the RE comprises the following components in percentage by mass: la 49.81%, ce 46.73%, nd 1.06%, yb 0.81%, pr 0.63%, sm 0.39%, gd 0.31% and Er 0.26%. The extrusion method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-iron alloy, a mixed rare earth RE, an aluminum-manganese alloy and an aluminum-chromium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percent of the aluminum profile to carry out batching; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function, heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 730 ℃, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, adopting positive rotation for 1 minute, and then continuing to rotateStirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 15 minutes by reversing the circulation mode for 1 minute; (3) Blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 25 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent accounting for 0.2 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to remove gas and impurities, and standing for 40 minutes after slagging off, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30.1%，NaCl 39.8%，KBF 4 8.0%，K 2 NiF 6 9.9%，SbCO 3 6.2%，LiCl 3.1%，BeCl 2 2.9 percent, and the refining agent is prepared by adopting a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, remelting for 1 hour at 1100 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10Pa, cooling, solidifying, crushing and screening to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner which accounts for 0.2 percent of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment; (5) Aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing machine which is arranged on a launder and has the rotation speed of a graphite rotor of 450 revolutions per minute, the argon flow of 3.5 cubic meters per hour and the argon pressure of 0.25MPa, and a two-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with the front 30 meshes and the rear 50 meshes to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 720 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 200 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water of a semi-continuous casting machine is 20 ℃; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 360 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the machine temperature of an extrusion die is 440 ℃, the extrusion speed is 10 mm/s and the extrusion ratio is 35; (8) And stretching and straightening the aluminum profile with the deformation of 2% to obtain the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator.
Example 3:
the aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2% of Si, 0.1% of Fe, 0.02% of Ti, 0.004% of B, 0.1% of RE, 0.15% of Cr, 0.05% of Zr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%, and RE comprises the following components in percentage by mass: la 49.81%, ce 46.73%, nd 1.06%, yb 0.81%, pr 0.63%, sm 0.39%, gd 0.31% and Er 0.26%. Extrusion processThe pressing method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-iron alloy, a mixed rare earth RE, an aluminum-chromium alloy and an aluminum-zirconium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and the mass percent of the aluminum profile to prepare materials; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring function, heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 760 ℃, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 25 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 1 minute and then reverse rotation for 1 minute; (3) Blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 15 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.9 percent and an aluminum alloy refining agent accounting for 0.3 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to remove gas and impurities, and standing for 60 minutes after slagging off, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 44.6%，NaCl 25.1%，KBF 4 9.1%，K 2 NiF 6 7.2%，SbCO 3 6.4%，LiCl 3.2%，BeCl 2 4.4 percent, and the refining agent is prepared by a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, remelting the refining agent for 2 hours at 900 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 20Pa, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding an Al5Ti1B alloy rod grain refiner accounting for 0.4 percent of the total weight of the raw materials for online grain refinement treatment; (5) Aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing machine which is arranged on a launder and is provided with a graphite rotor with the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute, the argon flow rate of 4.5 cubic meters per hour and the argon pressure of 0.15MPa, and a front 30-mesh and a rear 50-mesh two-stage foamed ceramic filter plate for online degassing and filtering treatment; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar under the conditions that the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680 ℃, the semi-continuous casting speed is 50 mm/min and the temperature of cooling water of a semi-continuous casting machine is 50 ℃; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 400 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the machine temperature of an extrusion die is 460 ℃, the extrusion speed is 18 mm/s and the extrusion ratio is 15; (8) And stretching and straightening the aluminum profile with the deformation of 4% to obtain the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator.
Verification example 1:
sampling is carried out on the aluminum profile obtained in the embodiment 1-3, after the cross section of the aluminum profile is ground, polished and subjected to alkaline etching, the grain structure of the cross section of the aluminum profile is observed, fig. 1 is a structure photo of the cross section of the aluminum profile in the embodiment 1, fig. 2 is a structure photo of the cross section of the aluminum profile in the embodiment 2, and fig. 3 is a structure photo of the cross section of the aluminum profile in the embodiment 3. As can be seen from figures 1-3, the grain structure on the cross section of the aluminum profile is fine and uniform, and no coarse crystal layer and coarse grains are seen.
Verification example 2:
hardness at different positions on the cross section of the aluminum profile of the embodiment 1-3 is detected by a Brinell hardness tester, the positions of the hardness test points are respectively shown in figures 1-3, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the Brinell hardness value of the cross section of the aluminum profile in examples 1-3 is 39.5-40.5, and the fluctuation range of the hardness value is less than or equal to 1, which shows that the invention can make the hardness distribution of the cross section of the aluminum profile uniform by improving the component uniformity of the aluminum alloy liquid and inhibiting the growth of the recrystallized grains of the aluminum profile, and meet the requirement of the shovel tooth radiator.
Table 1 brinell hardness values on cross sections of aluminum profiles of examples 1-3
| Hardness testing position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Example 1 | 39.6 | 39.7 | 39.6 | 39.9 | 39.5 | 40.2 | 40.1 | 40.5 | 39.6 | 39.8 |
| Example 2 | 40.4 | 40.3 | 39.7 | 40.5 | 40.3 | 40.2 | 39.7 | 40.3 | 40.2 | 40.3 |
| Example 3 | 39.6 | 39.5 | 39.7 | 39.8 | 39.9 | 39.6 | 40.0 | 40.1 | 40.2 | 39.9 |
Verification example 3:
samples were taken from the aluminum profiles of examples 1-3, and the thermal conductivity of the aluminum profiles was measured on a portable intelligent thermal conductivity tester, respectively, with the results shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the thermal conductivity of the aluminum profiles of examples 1 to 3 is greater than 230W/(m.k), while the thermal conductivity of the similar aluminum profiles produced by the prior art is generally lower than 220W/(m.k), which shows that the invention reduces the gas impurity content of the aluminum alloy liquid by adding trace amount of mixed rare earth and performing furnace blowing refining and furnace outside online degassing and filtering treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid, can obviously improve the thermal conductivity of the aluminum profiles and is beneficial to improving the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation capacity of the shovel tooth radiator.
TABLE 2 thermal conductivity (W/(m.k))
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| 232.7 | 231.6 | 233.1 |
While the present invention has been described by way of examples, and not by way of limitation, other variations of the disclosed embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description of the invention, and such variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum profile for the forming relieved tooth radiator is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Fe, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of Ti, 0.002 to 0.004 percent of B, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of RE, the balance of Al and inevitable impurity elements, wherein the content of single impurity element is less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the total content of impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15 percent.
2. The aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator according to claim 1, wherein the RE is a mischmetal mainly containing La and Ce, and consists of the following components in percentage by mass: la 49.81%, ce 46.73%, nd 1.06%, yb 0.81%, pr 0.63%, sm 0.39%, gd 0.31%, er 0.26%.
3. The aluminum profile for a relieved tooth radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum profile further contains two or three elements of Mn, cr and Zr, wherein the mass percent of Mn is 0.05-0.15%, the mass percent of Cr is 0.05-0.15%, the mass percent of Zr is 0.05-0.1%, and the sum of the mass percent of Mn, cr and Zr satisfies: mn + Cr + Zr is more than or equal to 0.15 percent and less than or equal to 0.25 percent.
4. An extrusion method for manufacturing the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth heat radiator according to the claims 1-3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) Selecting an aluminum ingot, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-iron alloy, a mixed rare earth RE, an aluminum-manganese alloy, an aluminum-chromium alloy and an aluminum-zirconium alloy as raw materials according to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile to carry out batching;
(2) Adding the raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnetic stirring function, and heating and melting the raw materials into aluminum alloy liquid at 720-760 ℃;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining, degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and an aluminum alloy refining agent, slagging off and then standing for a period of time;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a launder, and then adding a grain refiner to carry out online grain refining treatment;
(5) Enabling the aluminum alloy liquid to sequentially flow through a degassing machine and a foamed ceramic filter plate which are arranged on a flow groove to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy round bar;
(7) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar and extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile;
(8) And stretching and straightening the aluminum profile to obtain the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator.
5. The extrusion method of the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth heat radiator according to claim 4, wherein the inert gas in the step (3) is argon gas with the purity of not less than 99.9%, the amount of the aluminum alloy refining agent accounts for 0.2-0.3% of the total weight of the raw materials, the blowing refining time is 15-25 minutes, and the standing time after slag skimming is 30-60 minutes.
6. The extrusion method of the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator as recited in claim 4, wherein the refining agent in the step (3) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30-45%，NaCl 25-40%，KBF 4 5-10%，K 2 NiF 6 5-10%，SbCO 3 6-8%，LiCl 3-5%，BeCl 2 2-4%, and the refining agent is prepared by adopting a remelting method: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, remelting the refining agent for 1 to 2 hours at 900 to 1100 ℃ in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10 to 20Pa, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 millimeters.
7. The extrusion method of the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth heat radiator according to the claim 4, wherein the grain refiner in the step (4) is Al5Ti1B alloy rods, and the addition amount of the Al5Ti1B alloy rods is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials.
8. The extrusion method of the aluminum profile for the relieved tooth radiator according to the claim 4, wherein the rotation speed of the graphite rotor in the deaerator in the step (5) is 500-600 revolutions per minute, the gas is argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9%, the flow of the argon is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the pressure of the argon is 0.35-0.45MPa, and the filtering is performed by adopting a double-stage foamed ceramic filter plate with 50 meshes at the front and 80 meshes at the back.
9. The extrusion method of an aluminum profile for a tooth heat sink as claimed in claim 3, wherein the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid in the step (6) is 680-720 ℃, the speed of the semi-continuous casting is 50-200 mm/min, and the temperature of the cooling water of the semi-continuous casting machine is 20-50 ℃.
10. The extrusion method of an aluminum profile for a tooth-forming heat sink as claimed in claim 3, wherein the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar in the step (7) is 420 to 450 ℃, the on-machine temperature of the extrusion die is 430 to 450 ℃, the extrusion speed is 25 to 35 mm/s, and the extrusion ratio is 15 to 35.
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| US20090087341A1 (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2009-04-02 | Zhou Cai | Reinforced aluminum alloy with high electrical and thermal conductivity and its manufacturing process thereof |
| CN105838929A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-08-10 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | Rare earth aluminum alloy wire and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111511940A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-08-07 | 古河电气工业株式会社 | Aluminum alloy material, and conductive member, battery member, fastening member, spring member, and structural member using same |
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| CN111304473A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-19 | 广东领胜新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of free-cutting aluminum alloy extruded bar without coarse crystal ring |
| CN111394627A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳市华加日西林实业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy, induction plate for magnetic suspension track traffic and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022073301A1 (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | 东莞理工学院 | Al-si alloy, preparation method for same, and applications thereof |
| CN112680638A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-04-20 | 佛山市三水凤铝铝业有限公司 | Preparation method of high-efficiency aluminum profile for relieving |
| CN115216659A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-21 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of 1060 aluminum alloy flat bar |
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