CN100368585C - Aluminium alloy after-heat quenching additive and method of producing aluminium alloy product therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an additive for quenching aluminum alloys by the afterheat of product moulding and a method for producing aluminum alloys by the additive. The additive of the present invention is mainly prepared from one 0r some of Mg and Li and one or some of Cu, Ti, Mn, Zr, Co, B, Ni, Cd, Si, Zn, V, Sb, Sr, Te, Fe, Cr and RE; the additive can be added in the production in the form of simple substances, intermediate alloys, salts or other compounds. The method for producing aluminum alloys by the additive comprises: 0.1 to 10% of additive is added in the smelting process of an aluminum alloy, and the additive can be pressed into alloy liquid for thorough absorption; the afterheat quenching is carried out, which comprises: an alloy solidified product is instantly quenched when being moulded; the transfer time is less than 10 seconds, and the moulding temperature is controlled at more than 350 DEG C.

Description

Aluminium alloy after-heat quenching additive and with the method for this Additive Production alloy product

Technical field:

The present invention relates to alloy product heat treatment process technical field, particularly a kind of aluminium alloy after-heat quenching additive and with the method for this Additive Production alloy product.

Background technology:

The thermal treatment of conventional aluminum alloy generally is made up of quenching+artificial aging (natural aging).The so-called quenching: be exactly with product after quenching furnance is warmed near a certain specified temp of alloy (be generally liquid-solid two-phase line) and is incubated in good time, and then cool off (generally taking shrend) with enough big speed of cooling, thereby obtain the corresponding room temperature texture of alloy, this treatment process is referred to as to quench.The facility that obvious this quenching need have the high quenching furnance of investment and match with it more needs to consume a large amount of energy, so production cost is also just higher relatively.

Summary of the invention:

Traditional quenching technology investment is big, expense is high in order to overcome, and the drawback that production cost is high the invention provides a kind of additive that utilizes the surplus temperature of product removing from mould that aluminium alloy is quenched; Reach method with this Additive Production alloy product.

A kind of aluminium alloy after-heat quenching additive; It is characterized in that: in the Al-Si alloy, additive add-on span by weight percentage is: Mg:0.2-1.5; Cu:1.0～5.0; Ti:0.10～0.30; RE:1～1.5; Mn: be iron-holder 1/2; Zr:0.10～0.40; Co:0.5～1.0; B:0.01～0.10; Ni:0.5～1.5; Cd:0.15～1.0; Sr:0.02～0.06; Sb:0.3～0.5; Te:0.05～0.10.

In the present invention, described additive selects simple substance, master alloy, salt or other compound forms to add.

A kind of method with the Additive Production alloy product is characterized in that: during aluminium alloy smelting, add described additive;

After-heat quenching: behind the alloy graining product removing from mould, quench immediately, transfer time＜10S, the removing from mould temperature is controlled at more than 350 ℃.

Mechanism of the present invention is: in aluminium alloy, select suitable alloy not have element, wait as Li, Cd, Mn, Mg, Ti, B, V, Zr, RE and improve metallurgical quality, the control mechanical property.Adopt speed of cooling fast on production technique, the production method that crystallization is thin is as permanent mold casting, low-pressure casting, die casting, counter-pressure casting, continuously or semicontinuous casting, forging and pressing, rolling etc.Because when the high speed crystallisation by cooling, can form transition element, the unusual supersaturated solid solution in aluminium, the full solubleness of closing when making its solubleness substantially exceed equilibrium crystallization, and do not produce the compound primary crystal.

Utilize in being lower than the interval that the crystallization finishing temperature is higher than aging temp the after-heat quenching processing method to increase and form and have intermediate sizes that (the lyotropic phase sosoloid of 0.01～0.5um) precipitation is as Al ₂CuMg, Al ₃Li, Al ₃CuLi, Al ₂MgLi, Mg ₂Si ... Deng.

As: (1) sosoloid → intermediate phase δ ' (Al ₃Li) → equilibrium phase δ (Al ₃Li)

It is spherical that δ ' is mutually, with the complete coherence of parent phase--and-a strengthening effect.

When containing Mg in the alloy, Mg do not dissolve in δ ' mutually in, Li solubleness is descended, along with the matrix of separating out of δ ' phase produces solid solution and strengthens---intensity rises.

→δ′→δ

(3) sosoloid → GP (1) → θ " → θ ' → θ

→T ₁(Al ₂CuLi)

When the high alloy of copper content, (being generally 2.2～5%) Al-Li precipitation takes place simultaneously with the Al-Cu precipitation.

This moment is if add micro-Cd, because being present on the interface of θ ' and parent phase, Cd makes interfacial energy decline, the forming core critical size of θ ' phase reduces precipitation easily, thereby improves the ageing strengthening effect of alloy. and (the interval requirement of quenching temperature reduced relatively, general 350 ℃ on)

When the alloy silicon content is higher (Si＞0.6Mg, Mg:0.1～0.8%), alloy structure depends primarily on the content of magnesium.Magnesium and silicon preferentially form strengthening phase Mg ₂Si, and the effect of copper is participate in to form θ, S and W mutually, plays additional strengthening effect.

The invention has the advantages that: add additive in aluminium alloy, the product comprehensive mechanical performance is even to be reached requirement and be easy to control; See the embodiment mechanical property.Omit the quenching furnance and the energy in traditional quenching heat treatment, can reduce production costs 50～80%.Less investment uses the present invention program need not invest separately basically.Can remove the investment of quenching furnance from, and the wholesale input of the supporting power transmission and distribution facility of being correlated with.It is simple to operate that the present invention produces the method for aluminium alloy, the low and environmental protection and public nuisance free of labour intensity.

Below be the effect of each alloying element in different aluminum alloys

The effect (select additional) of alloying element in the Al-Si alloy

Alloying element	Add-on (%)	The compound that in the Al-Si alloy, forms	To the alloy Effect on Performance
				Mg	Be generally 0.2～	Mg 2Si，Al 3Mg 2	Alloy can be located by heat

	0.6, can arrive 1.5 under the individual cases		Reason is strengthened
				Cu	1.0～5.0	CuAl 2	Reinforced alloys is never degenerated alloy promptly higher intensity, is used for alloy for die casting more
Ti	0.10～0.30	Al 3Ti	Crystal grain thinning improves mechanical property
				RE	1～1.5		Crystal grain thinning improves the strong change of heat
Mn	Be about 1/2 of iron-holder	Al 10Mn 2Si	Alleviate the deleterious effect of Fe
				Zr	0.10～0.40	Al 3Zr	Crystal grain thinning
Co	0.5～1.0	Al 9Co 2	Alleviate the deleterious effect of Fe, improve thermotolerance
				V		Al 7V	Crystal grain thinning
B	0.01～0.10		Crystal grain thinning
				Ni	0.5～1.5		Improve high-temperature behavior
Cd	0.15～1.0		The effect of gain ageing strengthening

The effect (select additional) of alloying element in the Al-Cu alloy

Alloying element	Add-on (%)	The compound that in the Al-Cu alloy, forms	To the alloy Effect on Performance
				Mn	0.3～1.0	Cu 2Mn 3Al 20， Al 10Mn 2Si	Improve castability and mechanical property
Ti	0.15～0.30	Al 3Ti	Crystal grain thinning
				RE	4～5	Al 4Ce，Al 9Cu 4Ce	Improve high-temperature behavior

The effect (select additional) of alloying element in the Al-Mg alloy

Alloying element	Add-on (%)	The compound that in the Al-Mg alloy, forms	To the alloy Effect on Performance
				Si	0.6～1.3	Mg 2Si	Mg 2Si is insoluble to sosoloid, can not make alloy pass through heat treatment reinforcement, and mechanical property is fallen

			Hang down in the not good alloy that contains Mg4%～6% of castability, add 0.6%～1.3% Si, can improve castability
				Zn	1～1.5	[Mg 32(Al，Zn) 49]	Alloy contains Zn amount and is lower than at 1% o'clock, and tensile strength increases and improves with containing the Zn amount, and plasticity descends simultaneously, contains Zn amount＞1.7%, and the plasticity obvious Zn that descends can improve alloy stress corrosion resistant ability
Te	0.1～0.3		Significantly improve the comprehensive mechanical property of alloy
				Ti	0.1～0.25	Al 3Ti	Crystal grain thinning improves mechanical property
Zr	0.1～0.3	Al 3Zr	Crystal grain thinning improves mechanical property

The effect (select additional) of alloying element in the Al-Zn-Mg alloy

Alloying element	Add-on (%)	The compound that in the Al-Zn-Mg alloy, forms	To the alloy Effect on Performance
				Fe	1.0～1.7	FeAl 3	Fe is a harmful element to most of aluminium alloys, but in the high Al-Zn-Mg alloy of Zn+Mg total amount, can make the eutectic refinement on crystal grain and the crystal boundary, improve the mechanical property and the castability of alloy, for cooling off permanent mold casting faster and die casting, the particularly evident Fe amount of effect surpasses 1.7%, then separates out bodkin shape FeAl 3, worsen mechanical property
Cu	0.3～1.5	CuAl 2，Al 2MgCu	Increase strengthening effect, improve etch resistant properties
				Mn	0.3～1.5		Improve tissue, improve strong

			Degree improves the stress corrosion resistant ability
				Cr	0.1～0.5		Same with Mn
Ti	0.10～0.30	Al 3Ti	Crystal grain thinning
				Zr	0.10～0.30	Al 3Zr	Crystal grain thinning

The metamorphism (select additional) of alloying element in aluminium alloy

The modified alloy element	Add-on (%)	Effect
			Sr	0.02～0.06	Modification effect keeps 8h or bigger, and remelting still can keep modification effect 5～6 times, and latent period, 40min had the air-breathing tendency of increasing.
Te	0.05～0.10
		Sb	0.3～0.5	Long-acting rotten, can keep 100h.With sodium interference is arranged, need to realize by quick cooling.

Each alloying element (selecting additional): according to aluminum alloy chemically composition condition, fabrication process condition etc. take the circumstances into consideration to select as one feels fit to use, and amount ranges is according to last table.

Embodiment:

1, following is the prescription of each embodiment:

①Mg：100％

②Li：100％

3. Mg:1%; Surplus is Al

4. Li:0.1%; Surplus is Al

5. Ti:15%; B:5%; RE:30%; Surplus is Mg

6. Mn:20%; Ti:20%; Cd:20%; Zr:10%; Surplus is Li

7. Mg:50%; Li:0.2%; Ti:10%; Zr:10%; Cd:10%; Surplus is Al

Working method:

During aluminium alloy smelting, add additive and control alloy mechanical performance and metallurgical quality.

Additive adds: utilize and press spoon to be pressed in the alloy liquid fully to absorb, also can utilize sprue cup to feed to add etc.

After-heat quenching: behind the alloy graining product removing from mould, quench immediately (transfer time＜10S), being generally shrend, the removing from mould temperature is controlled at more than 350 ℃.

Ageing treatment is identical with conventional quenching.

Below for using the result of use chart of each formulation additives

Aluminum alloy materials	Mechanical property behind the after-heat quenching			The prescription number	Dosage (%)
						б b(Mpa)	δ(％)	Hardness (HB)
	AlSi7Cu3.6	280	3						105～111	①	0.25
AlSi8Cu2.5				260	2.6	109～116	⑤	0.60
	AlSi8	246	2.5						85～88	③	10
AlSi8Cu4				275	2.3	125～140	⑦	0.8
	AlCu4.1MgMn	412	7							④	10
AlZn12Cu3				480	12		②	0.10
	AlCu4.2Mg0.6Mn0.5	419	9							⑥	0.40

Claims (3)

1. aluminium alloy after-heat quenching additive; It is characterized in that: in the Al-Si alloy, additive add-on span by weight percentage is: Mg:0.2-1.5; Cu:1.0～5.0; Ti:0.10～0.30; RE:1～1.5; Mn: be iron-holder 1/2; Zr:0.10～0.40; Co:0.5～1.0; B:0.01～0.10; Ni:0.5～1.5; Cd:0.15～1.0; Sr:0.02～0.06; Sb:0.3～0.5; Te:0.05～0.10.

2. aluminium alloy after-heat quenching additive according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described additive selects simple substance, master alloy, salt or other compound forms to add.

3. the method with the described aluminium alloy after-heat quenching Additive Production of claim 1 alloy product is characterized in that: during aluminium alloy smelting, add described additive;

After-heat quenching: behind the alloy graining product removing from mould, quench immediately, transfer time＜10S, the removing from mould temperature is controlled at more than 350 ℃.