CN115927924B - High-strength aluminum profile for solar photovoltaic bracket and production method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum profile for solar photovoltaic bracket and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115927924B CN115927924B CN202211651992.5A CN202211651992A CN115927924B CN 115927924 B CN115927924 B CN 115927924B CN 202211651992 A CN202211651992 A CN 202211651992A CN 115927924 B CN115927924 B CN 115927924B
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 163
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical group [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical group [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical group [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000051 modifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016583 MnAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
A high-strength aluminum profile for a solar photovoltaic bracket and a production method thereof are provided, wherein the aluminum profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.66-0.72% of Si, 0.62-0.68% of Mg, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.02-0.03% of Ti, 0.004-0.006% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein the mass percentages of Si and Mg are as follows: si is more than or equal to Mg/1.73+0.3, and the sum of mass percentages of Mn and Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent. The invention solves the problem that production efficiency and performance improvement cannot be achieved simultaneously, improves the extrusion speed and simultaneously greatly improves the mechanical property of the aluminum profile by optimizing alloy components and regulating and controlling the quenching and aging process, the tensile strength of the aluminum profile is more than or equal to 310 MPa, the yield strength of the aluminum profile is more than or equal to 290 MPa, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 13%, and the safety and service life of the solar photovoltaic power generation device are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum profile production, and particularly relates to a high-strength aluminum profile for a solar photovoltaic bracket and a production method thereof.
Background
With the implementation of the carbon-to-carbon policy of carbon peak carbon neutralization, the solar photovoltaic power generation industry has been developed in recent years. The bracket is an important component for bearing and fixing the solar photovoltaic power generation device. Because the solar photovoltaic power generation device is mainly installed in places such as deserts, gobi, grasslands, beaches or roofs with few people, sufficient illumination and long illumination time, in order to resist severe environments such as storm, sand storm, snow storm, marine corrosive climate and the like, the safety and service life of the solar photovoltaic power generation device are improved, and the solar photovoltaic power generation device has higher requirements on the strength and corrosion resistance of the bracket.
The traditional solar photovoltaic bracket material is mainly galvanized steel, the galvanized steel has high strength, the manufacturing process is mature, and the traditional solar photovoltaic bracket material is the most common bracket material applied at present, and has the defects of corrosion prevention maintenance in the later period and high operation and maintenance cost. Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, but has high price and higher use cost. Compared with steel materials, the aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, good corrosion resistance, anodic oxidation, high recycling rate and the like, comprehensively considers factors such as construction, operation and maintenance costs, recycling and the like, and is popularized in the trend of manufacturing solar photovoltaic brackets by aluminum strip steel in the solar photovoltaic power generation industry.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN113073239A discloses a solar photovoltaic frame support aluminum alloy material and a manufacturing method, wherein the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.57-0.63% of Si, 0.45-0.5% of Mg, 0.03-0.07% of Mn, 0-0.05% of Cu, 0-0.02% of Cr, 0-0.1% of Fe, 0-0.02% of Zn, 0.08-0.12% of Ti, the balance of Al, wherein the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material is more than or equal to 270 MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 250 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10%.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN114908274A discloses an aluminum alloy for a solar tracking photovoltaic bearing bracket and a section bar production process thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.7-0.9% of Si, less than or equal to 0.25% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of Cu, 0.2-0.3% of Mn, 0.5-0.7% of Mg, 0.1-0.2% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.01% of Cr, 0.05-0.1% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of other impurities, and the balance of aluminum, wherein the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy profile is 291MPa, the yield strength is 271MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 10.5%.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN108165846A discloses a solar photovoltaic bracket aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the solar photovoltaic bracket aluminum alloy material is manufactured by sticking an aramid fiber cloth reinforcing material on the surface of an aluminum alloy mandrel, and improves the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy photovoltaic bracket component.
From the aspects of production practice and document data retrieval results, the strength and corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile are still low, and the requirements of the solar photovoltaic power generation device bearing bracket are difficult to meet. In addition, the strength of the aluminum profile is improved, the extrusion speed of the aluminum profile is reduced, the production efficiency is reduced, and the development requirement of the solar photovoltaic power generation industry for reducing the production cost is difficult to meet. Therefore, the existing aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket and the production method thereof still need to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects, and provides a high-strength aluminum profile for a solar photovoltaic bracket and a production method thereof, wherein the strength, corrosion resistance and production efficiency of the aluminum profile are improved by scientifically designing the component composition and the production process of the aluminum profile, the requirements of a solar photovoltaic power generation device bearing bracket on the aluminum profile are met, and the production and manufacturing cost is reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a high-strength aluminum profile for a solar photovoltaic bracket, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.66-0.72% of Si, 0.62-0.68% of Mg, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.02-0.03% of Ti, 0.004-0.006% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the single content of the unavoidable impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total amount of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The main function of Si and Mg is to strengthen the strength of the aluminum profile. Si and Mg can form Mg 2 The Si reinforcing phase significantly enhances the strength of the aluminum profile. The Si and Mg contents are too highIf the strength of the aluminum profile is low, the strength of the aluminum profile is insufficient. The Si and Mg contents should not be too high, and the strength of the aluminum profile would be too high, resulting in difficulty in increasing the extrusion speed. In addition, si forms Mg in addition to Mg 2 In addition to the Si strengthening phase, intermetallic compounds are formed with Fe, consuming part of the Si. Thus, in order to obtain a sufficient amount of Mg 2 The Si strengthening phase also has to be tightly controlled with respect to the Si to Mg ratio. Preferably, in the invention, the mass percentage of Si and Mg is as follows: si is more than or equal to Mg/1.73+0.3.
The main function of Cu is to further enhance the strength of the aluminum profile. Cu and Al can form CuAl 2 The phase significantly enhances the strength of the aluminum profile. The Cu content cannot be too low, and the strength of the aluminum profile is insufficient. However, the Cu content cannot be too high, and if not, the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum profile can be increased, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile can be reduced. Therefore, the mass percentage of Cu is set to be 0.05-0.15% in the invention.
Further, the aluminum profile also contains trace Mn and Cr elements, wherein the mass percent of Mn is 0.05-0.15%, the mass percent of Cr is 0.05-0.15%, and the sum of the mass percent of Mn and Cr satisfies that Mn+Cr is less than or equal to 0.2%.
The growth of recrystallized grains occurs in the extrusion process of the aluminum profile to form a coarse grain structure, and the strength and plasticity of the aluminum profile can be seriously reduced. In order to prevent the occurrence of coarse grain structure, the inventors have surprisingly found that Mn and Cr elements are added in a trace amount in combination to form MnAl in an aluminum alloy 6 、CrAl 7 、(Cr,Mn)Al 12 And the equal particles can prevent dislocation slip and grain boundary migration, prevent grain growth and improve the strength and plasticity of the aluminum profile. The addition amount of Mn and Cr should not be too low to inhibit the growth of crystal grains. The total amount of Mn and Cr added should not be too high, and if not, coarse intermetallic compounds are easily formed, which increases the deformation resistance and the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum alloy. Preferably, the sum of mass percentages of Mn and Cr satisfies: mn+Cr is less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
Ti and B are added into the aluminum alloy liquid in the form of Al5Ti1B alloy rods, and the main function is to refine grains of the aluminum alloy round bars, improve uniformity of structural components of the aluminum alloy round bars, reduce deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bars, and improve extrusion speed and production efficiency of aluminum profiles. The Ti and B contents should not be too low, and the grain refining effect is not obvious. The Ti and B contents are too high, so that the grain refining effect is not remarkably increased, but the production cost is increased. Therefore, the invention sets the mass percent of Ti to be 0.02-0.03 percent and the mass percent of B to be 0.004-0.006 percent.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in aluminum alloys. Fe can form coarse needle-shaped and flaky Fe-rich phases in the aluminum alloy, so that the extrusion difficulty of the aluminum profile can be increased, the aluminum matrix can be split, a crack source and a crack propagation direction of the aluminum profile are formed, and the strength and the plasticity of the aluminum profile are seriously damaged. Therefore, in order to increase the extrusion speed and obtain high-strength aluminum profiles, the content of Fe needs to be strictly controlled to be less than or equal to 0.2 percent.
The invention provides a production method of a high-strength aluminum profile for a solar photovoltaic bracket, which is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile, an aluminum source, a silicon source, a magnesium source, a copper source, a manganese source and a chromium source are selected as raw materials for proportioning;
(2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 720-760 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, and then starting a permanent magnet stirring device to stir the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and a refining agent, and standing for a period of time after slag skimming;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box and a filtering box which are arranged on the launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 680-720 ℃ and the casting speed is 100-200 mm/min;
(7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 590-600 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-12 hours for homogenizing treatment;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 520-540 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature;
(9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 210-220 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the high-strength aluminum profile.
In the step (1), the raw materials can be pure metals, alloys, process waste materials generated in the production process of aluminum alloys or recycled waste metals, and the like, so long as the components of the aluminum profiles can be ensured to meet the requirements, and the impurity elements are not out of standard. Preferably, the aluminum source is an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.7%, the magnesium source is a magnesium ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.8%, the silicon source is aluminum-silicon alloy, the copper source is aluminum-copper alloy, the manganese source is aluminum-manganese alloy, and the chromium source is aluminum-chromium alloy.
In step (2), in order to improve the uniformity of the components of the aluminum alloy liquid, it is necessary to enhance the stirring of the aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace. Preferably, a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace with a permanent magnet stirring device is selected, after the aluminum alloy liquid is melted, the permanent magnet stirring device is started, and the aluminum alloy liquid is stirred for 15-25 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of rotating forward for 5 minutes and then rotating backward for 5 minutes, so that the segregation of the components of the aluminum alloy liquid can be prevented. The heating and melting temperature of the raw materials is low, the melting speed is low, and the production efficiency is low. The melting temperature is high, and although the melting speed is high, the burning loss of the raw material is increased. Preferably, the melting temperature is 720-760 ℃. In addition, after melting and stirring, the components of the aluminum alloy liquid need to be detected on site, and if the components are not qualified, the materials need to be fed until the components of the aluminum alloy liquid are qualified.
In the step (3), in order to improve the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid, the refining degassing and impurity removal of the aluminum alloy liquid in the aluminum melting furnace must be enhanced. Preferably, argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 percent and a refining agent accounting for 0.2 to 0.4 percent of the total weight of the raw materials are selected for carrying out jet refining on the aluminum alloy liquid. The jet refining time is not too short nor too long, preferably 15 to 25 minutes. Still, it is necessary to stand the aluminum alloy liquid for a period of time after refining so that sufficient separation time of bubbles and inclusions remaining in the aluminum alloy liquid is obtained, and the standing time is preferably 30 to 60 minutes.
In the step (3), preferably, the refining agent is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30-45%，KCl 25-40%，KBF 4 5-10%，K 2 ZrF 6 5-10%，SrCO 3 6-8%，LiCl 3-5%，BaCl 2 2-4%, wherein the refining agent is obtained by remelting, namely, the refining agent is remelted in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10-20Pa at 900-1100 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and is crushed and screened after cooling and solidification, so that the refining agent with the grain diameter less than or equal to 2mm is obtained.
The pores and the inclusions can fracture the aluminum matrix, destroy the tissue continuity of the aluminum alloy, reduce the strength, the plasticity and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, increase the deformation resistance and increase the extrusion difficulty. The existing refining agent is obtained by directly mixing raw materials, and the method is simple and low in cost, but does not fully exert the interaction among the components of the refining agent, which is also an important reason for low degassing and impurity removal efficiency of the existing refining agent. In addition, the existing refining agent also commonly contains a large amount of fluoride, nitrate, sulfate, hexachloroethane and the like, and a large amount of irritating and unpleasant smoke, such as hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and the like, is produced in the refining process, so that the environment is polluted and the human health is endangered.
In order to improve the cleanliness of aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, reduce the deformation resistance of aluminum alloy and improve the strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy, the inventor develops a more efficient and environment-friendly remelting type refining agent through a great deal of experimental research, and the components of the refining agent can be mutually fused and crystallized through high-temperature remelting, so that the melting point of the refining agent is reduced, and the refining agent is easier to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid. Meanwhile, the components of the refining agent can perform mutual promotion of physical and chemical actions, so that the refining agent has higher degassing and impurity removal efficiency. Such as MgCl 2 Has a melting point of 712 ℃, KCl has a melting point of 770 ℃, and MgCl is formed after high temperature remelting of the refining agent 2 And KCl can form MgCl with melting point lower than 500 DEG C 2 KCl eutectic, significantly lowering the melting temperature of the refining agent, making the refining agent easier to melt in the aluminum alloy liquid, producing better degassing and impurity removal effects.
Wherein, mgCl 2 And KCl is the main component of the refining agent, mgCl 2 And KCl reacts with aluminum alloy liquid to generate AlCl with boiling point of 182.7 DEG C 3 ，AlCl 3 The bubbles adsorb part of hydrogen and impurities in the floating process of the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the effects of degassing, impurity removal and purification are achieved. Partial MgCl 2 And KCl is directly decomposed to release Cl under the thermal action of high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid + Ion, cl + The ions react with hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid to generate HCl gas, and HCl bubbles are further adsorbed to remove impurities in the process of overflowing the aluminum alloy liquid, so that the efficient degassing, impurity removing and purifying effects are achieved.
K 2 ZrF 6 And KBF 4 Can react with aluminum alloy liquid to generate KAlF 4 、K 3 AlF 6 And ZrB 2 KAlF obtained by the reaction 4 And K 3 AlF 6 In molten salt state, has large surface tension, is not infiltrated with aluminum alloy liquid, and is suitable for Al 2 O 3 The equal oxide inclusion has good dissolution and wetting effects and can promote Al 2 O 3 And the separation of the oxidized impurities and the aluminum alloy liquid improves the impurity removal and purification effects. ZrB as a by-product obtained by the reaction 2 The aluminum alloy rod can serve as a heterogeneous nucleation core during solidification of aluminum alloy liquid, plays a role in refining grains, is beneficial to obtaining aluminum alloy round rods with finer and uniform grains, and reduces deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round rods.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in aluminum alloys, and is usually Al in the aluminum alloy 3 Fe、FeSiAl 3 、Fe 2 SiAl 8 、Fe 2 Si 2 Al 9 、Fe 3 Si 2 Al 12 The existence of the equal-thick needle-shaped or flaky Fe-rich phase form can damage the strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, increase the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bar and reduce the extrusion speed. In order to improve the degassing and impurity removing efficiency of the refining agent and eliminate the harm of a coarse Fe-rich phase, the inventor discovers that a small amount of SrCO is added into the refining agent after a large amount of experimental researches 3 LiCl and BaCl 2 ，SrCO 3 Can decompose CO in high-temperature aluminum alloy liquid 2 LiCl and BaCl 2 AlCl with the boiling point of only 183 ℃ can be generated by reaction in the aluminum alloy liquid 3 ，CO 2 And AlCl 3 The bubbles can absorb and take away hydrogen and Al in the floating process 2 O 3 And the impurities are removed by degassing. The Sr, li and Ba elements obtained by the reaction enter the aluminum alloy liquid, and play a role in refining and modifying a coarse Fe-rich phase in the aluminum alloy solidification process, so that the coarse acicular or flaky Fe-rich phase is converted into fine particles which are dispersed and distributed in an aluminum matrix, the harm of the coarse Fe-rich phase can be eliminated, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bar is reduced, and the extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy round bar and the strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile are improved.
In the step (4), in order to improve the uniformity of the structural components of the round aluminum alloy rod and improve the extrusion processability of the aluminum rod, the aluminum alloy liquid must be subjected to grain refinement treatment. The grain refiner may be aluminum titanium boron alloy, aluminum titanium carbon alloy, etc. Preferably, the grain refiner is an Al5Ti1B alloy rod, the addition amount is 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials, and the grain refiner is added into the aluminum alloy liquid on a launder before semi-continuous casting, so that the optimal grain refining effect can be achieved.
In the step (5), the air holes and the inclusions can fracture the aluminum matrix, so that the plasticity and the extrusion speed of the aluminum alloy round bar are reduced. In order to further improve the purity of the aluminum alloy liquid, the aluminum alloy liquid before casting is required to be subjected to online degassing and filtering treatment, namely the aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box and a filtering box which are arranged on a launder, and the online degassing and filtering treatment is performed to obtain the high-purity aluminum alloy liquid, so that the plasticity of the aluminum alloy round bar is improved. Preferably, the rotation speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing box is 500-600 revolutions per minute, the gas flow is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.35-0.45MPa, the gas is a mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, the volume percentage of the chlorine is 1-5%, and two foam ceramic filter plates with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes are arranged in the filter box.
In step (6), in order to obtain high quality round aluminum alloy rods, to prevent casting accidents, strict adherence to the operating rules of semi-continuous casting and strict control of the technological parameters of semi-continuous casting are required. The diameter of the aluminum alloy round bar is small, the casting speed can be higher, the diameter of the aluminum alloy round bar is large, and the casting speed is lower. The temperature of the casting machine cooling water cannot exceed 50 ℃. Preferably, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 680-720 ℃, the speed of semi-continuous casting is 100-200 mm/min, and the cooling water temperature of the semi-continuous casting machine is 20-40 ℃.
In the step (7), the purpose of homogenizing the aluminum alloy round bar is to eliminate element segregation of the aluminum alloy round bar, melt coarse second-phase compound, eliminate stress of the aluminum alloy round bar and improve extrusion performance of the aluminum alloy round bar. Too low a homogenization temperature or too short a time may result in incomplete homogenization. Too high a homogenizing temperature may cause excessive burning of the round rod of the aluminum alloy, but may deteriorate the extrusion performance and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy. Preferably, the homogenization temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 590-600 ℃ and the homogenization time is 10-12 hours.
In the step (8), as trace Mn and Cr elements are added in the aluminum alloy, the growth of crystal grains can be effectively inhibited, meanwhile, the aluminum alloy round bar has lower deformation resistance, can be extruded at a higher temperature and at a higher speed, and can not cause coarse grains of the aluminum profile while improving the production efficiency. Preferably, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy round bar is 520-540 ℃, the upper machine temperature of the extrusion die is 480-500 ℃, and the extrusion rod advancing speed is 25-35 mm/s. The extruded aluminum profile can be cooled by air cooling, water spraying cooling, water mist combined cooling, water trough water cooling and the like. In order to increase the cooling rate while avoiding deformation, water mist cooling is preferably employed.
In the step (9), the cooled aluminum profile must be subjected to stretch straightening, and the deformation amount of the stretch straightening should not be too small or too large, and the required size cannot be obtained. Preferably, the deformation amount of the stretch straightening is 1 to 3%. The aging treatment is an important procedure for improving the strength of the aluminum profile, and the inventor discovers that the aging process of the aluminum profile is heated to 210-220 ℃ for 2-3 hours for aging after carrying out a great deal of experimental study, and then the aluminum profile is cooled or air-cooled to room temperature along with a furnace, so that the aluminum profile with the highest strength can be obtained, and meanwhile, the heating time is obviously shortened, thereby being beneficial to improving the production efficiency, reducing the production cost and improving the market competitiveness. The aging temperature exceeds 220 ℃, the aging time exceeds 3 hours, or the aging temperature is lower than 210 ℃ or the aging time is lower than 2 hours, and the aluminum profile with the required strength cannot be obtained.
The above-mentioned apparatus and device are all prior art except for the degassing tank and the filtering tank, and can be used for preparing the aluminum profile according to the present invention, so that the specific structure thereof will not be described in detail herein, and it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, the composition of the aluminum alloy is scientifically designed, the cleanliness of the aluminum alloy liquid is improved, the tissue components of the aluminum alloy round bar are thinned and homogenized, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bar is reduced, the extrusion speed and the production efficiency of the aluminum profile are greatly improved, and the contradiction problem between the strength and the extrusion production efficiency is solved;
(2) The refining agent developed and used by the invention has higher degassing and impurity removing effects, has refining, modifying and modifying effects on aluminum alloy, can reduce the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy, and improves the extrusion performance, mechanical performance and corrosion resistance. The refining agent contains less fluoride, does not contain nitrate, sulfate, hexachloroethane and the like, and is more environment-friendly to use;
(3) The tensile strength of the aluminum profile is more than or equal to 310 MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 290 MPa, the elongation after breaking is more than or equal to 13%, the Webster hardness is more than or equal to 16, and compared with 6005A aluminum profile, the strength is improved by 15%, the plasticity is improved by 30%, the aluminum profile has higher strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance, and the requirements of a solar photovoltaic power generation device on the high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum profile are met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of a grain structure on a cross section of an aluminum profile of example 1.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a grain structure on a cross section of an aluminum profile of example 2.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of a grain structure on a cross section of an aluminum profile of example 3.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of a grain structure on a cross section of an aluminum profile of example 4.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the aluminum profile consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.68% of Si, 0.65% of Mg, 0.12% of Cu, 0.09% of Mn, 0.08% of Cr, 0.025% of Ti, 0.005% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of the single content of the unavoidable impurity elements, and less than or equal to 0.15% of the total content of the impurity elements. The production method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum copper alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 740 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 20 minutes by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes and then reverse rotation for 5 minutes; (3) The method comprises the steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 20 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.99% and a refining agent accounting for 0.3% of the total weight of raw materials, and standing for 45 minutes after slag skimming, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 40.3%，KCl 34.1%，KBF 4 6.3%，K 2 ZrF 6 6.5%，SrCO 3 7.1%，LiCl 3.3%，BaCl 2 2.4 percent, and refining agent is obtained by remelting: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 15 and Pa at the temperature of 1000 ℃ for 1.5 hours, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size of less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box which is arranged on a launder and has the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of 550 r/min, the gas flow rate of 2 cubic meters/h and the gas pressure of 0.4MPa and a filtering box which is provided with a front 50-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate and a rear 80-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate, wherein the gas is mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 2.5%; (6) The aluminum alloy liquid is heated to 700℃,Semi-continuously casting into aluminum alloy round bars under the condition of casting speed of 150 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 595 ℃ and preserving heat for 11 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 530 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the temperature of a die on-press machine is 490 ℃ and the advancing speed of an extruding rod is 30 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 215 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the high-strength aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket.
Example 2:
the aluminum profile consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.66% of Si, 0.62% of Mg, 0.05% of Cu, 0.12% of Mn, 0.06% of Cr, 0.02% of Ti, 0.004% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of the single content of the unavoidable impurity elements, and less than or equal to 0.15% of the total content of the impurity elements. The production method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum copper alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 760 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes and then reverse rotation for 5 minutes 25; (3) The method comprises the steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 25 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.99% and a refining agent accounting for 0.4% of the total weight of raw materials, and standing for 30 minutes after slag skimming, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30.2%，KCl 39.8%，KBF 4 7.3%，K 2 ZrF 6 9.9%，SrCO 3 6.1%，LiCl 3.4%，BaCl 2 3.3 percent, and the refining agent is obtained by remelting: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10 Pa at 1100 ℃ for 1 hour, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) Sequentially flowing aluminum alloy liquidThe graphite rotor arranged on the launder is subjected to online degassing and filtering treatment by a degassing box with the rotation speed of 600 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate of 1.5 cubic meters per hour and the gas pressure of 0.35MPa and a filtering box with two foam ceramic filtering plates with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes, wherein the gas is mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 1%; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 720 ℃ and the casting speed is 100 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 540 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the temperature of a die on-press machine is 500 ℃ and the advancing speed of an extruding rod is 35 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 210 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the high-strength aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket.
Example 3:
the aluminum profile consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.72% of Si, 0.68% of Mg, 0.15% of Cu, 0.08% of Mn, 0.12% of Cr, 0.03% of Ti, 0.006% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of the single content of the unavoidable impurity elements, and less than or equal to 0.15% of the total amount of the impurity elements. The production method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum copper alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 720 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, and stirring the aluminum alloy liquid by adopting a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes and then reverse rotation for 5 minutes for 15; (3) The method comprises the steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 15 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.99% and a refining agent accounting for 0.2% of the total weight of raw materials, and standing for 60 minutes after slag skimming, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 44.8%，KCl 25.2%，KBF 4 5.3%，K 2 ZrF 6 5.1%，SrCO 3 6.7%，LiCl 3.9%，BaCl 2 2.0 percent, and refining agent is obtained by remelting: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 20Pa at 900 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.6 percent of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box which is arranged on a launder and has the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of 500 revolutions per minute, the gas flow rate of 2.5 cubic meters per hour and the gas pressure of 0.45MPa and a filtering box which is provided with a front 50-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate and a rear 80-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate, wherein the gas is mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 5%; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 680 ℃ and the casting speed is 200 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 590 ℃ and preserving heat for 12 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 520 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the temperature of a die on-press machine is 480 ℃ and the advancing speed of an extruding rod is 25 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 220 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the high-strength aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket.
Example 4:
the aluminum profile consists of the following components in percentage by mass: si 0.67%, mg 0.64%, cu 0.09%, mn 0.05%, cr 0.15%, ti 0.025%, B0.005%, fe less than or equal to 0.2%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurity elements, the individual content of the unavoidable impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.05%, the total amount of the impurity elements being less than or equal to 0.15%. The production method sequentially comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile, selecting an aluminum ingot with the purity of 99.7 percent, a magnesium ingot with the purity of 99.8 percent, aluminum silicon alloy, aluminum copper alloy, aluminum manganese alloy and aluminum chromium alloy as raw materials for proportioning; (2) Adding the raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting at 730 ℃ to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, then starting a permanent magnet stirring device, adopting forward rotation for 5 minutes, and then connectingStirring the aluminum alloy liquid for 20 in a circulation mode of reversing for 5 minutes; (3) The method comprises the steps of blowing and refining aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace for 20 minutes by using argon with the purity of 99.99% and a refining agent accounting for 0.3% of the total weight of raw materials, and standing for 50 minutes after slag skimming, wherein the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 35.2%，KCl 35.8%，KBF 4 5.3%，K 2 ZrF 6 8.9%，SrCO 3 7.1%，LiCl 4.4%，BaCl 2 3.3 percent, and the refining agent is obtained by remelting: drying and dehydrating the refining agent, heating the refining agent in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 18 Pa at 950 ℃ for 1.6 hours, cooling and solidifying the refining agent, and crushing and screening the refining agent to obtain the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm; (4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.5% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment; (5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box which is arranged on a launder and has the rotating speed of a graphite rotor of 580 r/min, the gas flow rate of 1.9 cubic meters/h and the gas pressure of 0.38MPa and a filtering box which is provided with a front 50-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate and a rear 80-mesh foam ceramic filtering plate, and the gas is mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine is 4%; (6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 690 ℃ and the casting speed is 170 mm/min; (7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 595 ℃ and preserving heat for 11 hours to carry out homogenization treatment; (8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 530 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile under the conditions that the on-die temperature is 495 ℃ and the extrusion rod advancing speed is 30 mm/s, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature; (9) And (3) stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 215 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, performing aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the high-strength aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket.
Verification example 1:
the hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semicontinuous casting of examples 1 to 4 were measured on site by using an HDA-V hydrogen meter and an Analyze PoDFA slag meter, and the results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy liquids of examples 1 to 4 have a hydrogen content of less than 0.12 g ml/100g Al and a slag content of less than 0.09 g 0.09 mm 2 /kg. And adopts the prior artThe refining agent is used for carrying out blowing refining on the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace, the hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid before semicontinuous casting is generally higher than 0.17 ml/100gAl, and the slag content is higher than 0.15 mm under the condition that the addition amount of the refining agent is the same 2 /kg. Compared with the prior art, the refining agent disclosed by the invention is adopted to carry out blowing refining on aluminum alloy liquid in a furnace, and has higher degassing and impurity removing efficiency, so that the gas slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid can be obviously reduced, the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy round bar can be reduced, and the extrusion speed of the aluminum alloy round bar, the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile can be improved.
TABLE 1 Hydrogen content and slag content of aluminum alloy liquids of examples 1 to 4
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Hydrogen content/(ml/100 gAl) | 0.113 | 0.104 | 0.117 | 0.106 |
| Slag content/(mm) 2 /kg) | 0.087 | 0.084 | 0.089 | 0.085 |
Verification example 2:
samples were taken from the aluminum profiles of examples 1 to 4, and after grinding, polishing and etching, the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile was observed under an optical microscope, fig. 1 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 1, fig. 2 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 2, fig. 3 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 3, and fig. 4 being the grain structure in the cross section of the aluminum profile of example 4. It can be seen from fig. 1-4 that the aluminum profiles are all fine and uniform equiaxed grain structures in cross section. The invention can prevent the extruded aluminum alloy from growing recrystallized grains by scientifically designing the component composition of the aluminum alloy and the extrusion production process, obtain the aluminum profile with fine and uniform grains, and is beneficial to improving the strength, the plasticity and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum profile.
Verification example 3:
samples were taken on the aluminum profiles of examples 1 to 4, processed into standard tensile test pieces, and then subjected to room temperature stretching on an electronic tensile tester at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after break of the aluminum profiles were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The brinell hardness of the aluminum profile was measured using a brinell hardness tester, and the results are shown in table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength of the aluminum profiles of examples 1-4 is not less than 310 MPa, the yield strength is not less than 290 MPa, the elongation after breaking is not less than 13%, and the Webster hardness is not less than 16. The tensile strength of the 6005A aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket is usually lower than 280 MPa, the yield strength is lower than 260 MPa, the elongation after breaking is lower than 10%, and the Webster hardness is lower than 15. As can be seen by comparison, the strength of the aluminum profile is improved by 10%, the plasticity is improved by more than 30%, the aluminum profile has higher strength and plasticity, and the requirement of the solar photovoltaic bracket on the high-strength aluminum profile is met.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of the aluminum profiles of examples 1 to 4
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 316.9 | 311.8 | 326.4 | 321.5 |
| Yield strength/MPa | 297.2 | 293.5 | 295.7 | 292.3 |
| Elongation after break/% | 13.9 | 14.1 | 13.2 | 13.6 |
| Webster hardness HB | 16.3 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 16.5 |
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and other variations to the disclosed embodiments, as would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The production method of the high-strength aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.66-0.72% of Si, 0.62-0.68% of Mg, 0.05-0.15% of Cu, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Cr, 0.02-0.03% of Ti, 0.004-0.006% of B, less than or equal to 0.2% of Fe, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.05% of single content of unavoidable impurity elements, and less than or equal to 0.15% of total content of impurity elements; the mass percentages of Si and Mg are as follows: si is more than or equal to Mg/1.73+0.3, and the sum of mass percentages of Mn and Cr satisfies the following conditions: mn+Cr is less than or equal to 0.2%; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) According to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum profile, an aluminum source, a silicon source, a magnesium source, a copper source, a manganese source and a chromium source are selected as raw materials for proportioning;
(2) Adding raw materials into a heat accumulating type gas aluminum melting furnace, heating and melting the raw materials at 720-760 ℃ to form aluminum alloy liquid, and then starting a permanent magnet stirring device to stir the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace;
(3) Carrying out blowing refining degassing and impurity removal on aluminum alloy liquid in an aluminum melting furnace by using inert gas and a refining agent, and standing for a period of time after slag skimming;
(4) Introducing the aluminum alloy liquid into a flow tank, and then adding Al5Ti1B alloy rods accounting for 0.4-0.6% of the total weight of the raw materials to carry out online grain refinement treatment;
(5) The aluminum alloy liquid sequentially flows through a degassing box and a filtering box which are arranged on the launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment;
(6) Semi-continuously casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy round bars under the conditions that the temperature is 680-720 ℃ and the casting speed is 100-200 mm/min;
(7) Heating the aluminum alloy round bar to 590-600 ℃ and preserving heat for 10-12 hours for homogenizing treatment;
(8) Heating an aluminum alloy round bar to 520-540 ℃, extruding the aluminum alloy round bar into an aluminum profile, and then spraying water mist to cool the aluminum profile to room temperature;
(9) Stretching and straightening the aluminum profile, heating to 210-220 ℃ and preserving heat for 2-3 hours to perform aging treatment, and cooling to obtain the high-strength aluminum profile for the solar photovoltaic bracket;
the refining agent in the step (3) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mgCl 2 30-45%，KCl 25-40%，KBF 4 5-10%，K 2 ZrF 6 5-10%，SrCO 3 6-8%，LiCl 3-5%，BaCl 2 2-4%; the refining agent is obtained by remelting, specifically, the refining agent is remelted in a vacuum furnace with the vacuum degree of 10-20Pa at 900-1100 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and crushed and screened after cooling and solidification, so as to obtain the refining agent with the particle size less than or equal to 2 mm;
the rotating speed of a graphite rotor in the degassing tank in the step (5) is 500-600 revolutions per minute, the gas flow is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour, the gas pressure is 0.35-0.45MPa, the gas is mixed gas composed of argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, the volume percentage of the chlorine is 1-5%, and two foam ceramic filter plates with the front 50 meshes and the rear 80 meshes are arranged in the filter tank.
2. The method for producing high-strength aluminum profiles for solar photovoltaic brackets according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), an aluminum source is an aluminum ingot with purity of more than or equal to 99.7%, a magnesium source is a magnesium ingot with purity of more than or equal to 99.8%, a silicon source is aluminum-silicon alloy, a copper source is aluminum-copper alloy, a manganese source is aluminum-manganese alloy, and a chromium source is aluminum-chromium alloy.
3. The method for producing high-strength aluminum profiles for solar photovoltaic brackets according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) of starting a permanent magnet stirring device to stir the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace is to stir the aluminum alloy liquid for 15-25 minutes in a circulation mode of forward rotation for 5 minutes followed by reverse rotation for 5 minutes.
4. The method for producing high-strength aluminum profiles for solar photovoltaic brackets according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas in the step (3) is argon with purity of more than or equal to 99.99%, the consumption of the refining agent is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the raw materials, the blowing refining time is 15-25 minutes, and the standing time is 30-60 minutes.
5. The method for producing high-strength aluminum profiles for solar photovoltaic brackets according to claim 1, wherein the die-on-press temperature adopted in the step (8) is 480-500 ℃, and the extrusion rod advancing speed is 25-35 mm/s.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109055786A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 营口忠旺铝业有限公司 | A kind of production technology of 6 line aluminium alloy casting rod |
| CN110669964A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | High-performance rare earth Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111996423A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-27 | 中信渤海铝业控股有限公司 | Aluminum alloy profile for solar photovoltaic frame and preparation method thereof |
| CN113073239A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-06 | 瑞旭实业有限公司 | Solar photovoltaic frame support aluminum alloy material and manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109055786A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-21 | 营口忠旺铝业有限公司 | A kind of production technology of 6 line aluminium alloy casting rod |
| CN110669964A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | High-performance rare earth Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy extrusion material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111996423A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-27 | 中信渤海铝业控股有限公司 | Aluminum alloy profile for solar photovoltaic frame and preparation method thereof |
| CN113073239A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-06 | 瑞旭实业有限公司 | Solar photovoltaic frame support aluminum alloy material and manufacturing method thereof |
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